非谓语动词与从句的转换.doc

高考写作一 非谓语动词与从句的转换 知识讲解知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That Im able to help you) (2) .He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still dont know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school)(2) .I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补) (=that he should go and see)(3) .He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语) (=That he hadnt invited her.)3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1) .My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2) .All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up)5.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作目的结果状语.，相当于一个目的结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldnt)6.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss. (=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game. (=that we have lost the game)知识点2：动名词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry. (2).Marys not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2.【考查点】：动名词（短语）再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul. =(that Ill serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam. =（that he hasnt prepared his lessons for the exam）.(3).The difficulty is Marys being caught between the two trees. =（that Mary is caught between the two trees）.4.【考查点】： 介词动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake. (=that he was)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you. (=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won. (=that our team had won)知识点3：分词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, well have the match tomorrow. (=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again. (=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being illwed better put the meting off. (=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), Id buy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back).3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, Ill telephone you.（时间）(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her（时间）(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.（原因）(4).Not having received(=Because I hadnt received an answer, I wrote to him again.（原因）(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.（条件）(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didnt pride.(让步)4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and 的并列句，也可和 with 转换(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)知识点4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophias having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didnt surprised us.(2).I cant bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic).2.【考查点】： there+being+其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因)四、例题精析【例题1】 Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered【答案】B 【解析】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。【例题2】 He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work.A. doing B. to do C. being doing D. to be done【答案】B【解析】容易误选A，根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 【例题3】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make【答案】B【解析】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。五、课堂运用【基础】1. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 【答案】C【解析】解析：此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做定语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种：to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示动作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。句意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了从图书馆借来的一些老地图。2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 【答案】B【解析】解析：动词不定式的一般式作目的状语。“买礼物”发生在“从银行取了一些钱”后，所以D不可以选。 句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。3.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。 A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised 【答案】C【解析】解析：省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，跟后面句子的主语一致，可以省略主语和系动词。【巩固】1. He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the word A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 【答案】D【解析】解析：主语(he)与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作伴随状语。2. Its no use_over spilt milk.A.cry B.crying C.that you cry D.for you to cry【答案】B【解析】It is no good (use ) doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，形式主语。主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。3.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied【答案】C【解析】容易误选B。最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是他的手正在被捆住，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。【拔高】1.Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying【答案】D【解析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和