八年级第一单元知识要点及测试题.doc

Topic1 Are you going to play basketball?be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。表示准备，打算做某事用法：be going to +V原形(1) see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事（强调看见动作的全过程） see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调看见动作正在进行的一部分）类似的词还有：hear， watch， (2) almost 副词 adv. 意为“几乎，差不多” 用法：放在be动词前，动词之后。(3) cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩 例句：I cheer him on. 我为他喝彩。(4) against 介词 pre.对着，反对 play against 与抗衡/较量(5) prefer 较喜欢，更喜欢；用法：prefer+Ving/名词/代词 词组：preferto 喜欢不喜欢(6) both and两个都；即又(后面的谓语动词用复数形式)(7)dream of/about 梦见 注意of/about 是介词，后面的动词要加ing (8) give up+Ving/名词/代词 意为“放弃” 注意代词放中间(9) 感叹句 What + a +感情色彩的名词！(10) take part in 参加，加入 join 参加，加入take part in指加入比赛或者活动 join一般指加入组织(11) spend+时间 on sth /(in ) doing sth 花费时间在某事上/花费时间在做某事上(12) exercise 作：动词，名词(不可数)， 锻炼(13) be good at+doing sth / 名词=do well in 擅长做某事(14) be good for 对有益，有好处 be bad for 对有害，不好同类的词组还有：be good to sb 对某人好 be bad to sb 对某人不好 (15) keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康 health（健康，名词） healthy（健康的，形容词） healthily（健康地，副词）(16) relax 放松 词组：relax oneself 使自己放松(17) arrive in +大地方 (北京，上海，厦门，美国)arrive at + 小地方 （village 小村庄）get to +地点 到达某地reach+地点 到达某地上述词后跟home, here, there, back时，都不用介词。后面无地点时用arrive。(18) excited 激动的，兴奋的，用来修饰人exciting 令人激动的，使人兴奋的，用来修饰物类似的词还有：interested 和 interesting bored 和boring tired 和tiring (19) leave for sp. 动身前往某地 leave for Shanghai 动身前往上海 leave sp. for. sp 离开某地去某地leave Beijing for Shanghai 离开北京去上海(20) for +一段的时间 Stay for two weeks. (两星期是一段的时间)(21) all over the world 全世界(22) hope to do sth（希望做什么） hope + 句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性大）wish sb sth（希望某人某事） wish sb to do sth（希望某人干什么）wish+句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性小表虚拟语气）1. She prefers _ basketball. A. play B. to playing C. playing D. plays2. _ do you play sports? Once a week. A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How much3._ makes your body strong. A. Runing B. Running C. To run D. Runner4. _ more sports and you can _ next year. A. Do, be health B. Doing, healthC. Do, be healthy D. Doing, healthy5. They are _ Beijing tomorrow. A. leave forB. will leave for C. leaving forD. going to leaving for6. He will be back _ four days. A. after B. in C. from D. to7. Lily the long jump, and she jumped very far. A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in 8. Cycling can make your body . A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong9.He will _ Beijing tomorrow morning, if the train isnt late. A. reached B. get C. arrive at D. arrive in 10. I am good at _ basketball. A. to play B. play C. playing D. to playing 11.Ann _ mountains tomorrow morning. A. is climbing B. climb C. is going to climb D. climbs 12. I saw Tom often _ with his father during the summer. A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming 13.Running is a good way _ fit . A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 14. He prefers _ on the weekend. A . go shopping B. going shop C. going shopping D. to go shopping15. _my father _mother are wokers.A. All; of B. Both; and C. Either; of D. Neither; nor Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water 本课重点语法：1.Would you mind doing ？其否定形式为：Would you mind not doing ？ 2. Would you mind if +从句？如果你介意吗？回答时可以用：用yes 或者no 回答(1) do sb. a favor = help sb.= give sb. a hand 帮助某人(2) one of 意为“中的一个” 后面接可数名词的复数，但谓语动词用单数。(3) be glad to do sth. 乐意做某事 I am glad to help you. 我很乐意帮助你。(4) practice 练习 用法：practice sth/ doing sth/(5) be late 迟到 be late for 做迟到 (7) manage 管理，经营，处理 用法: manage sb./ sth. 。 Manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 (8) need v.需要 情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，意为“必须”后面跟V 原型 用法：need to do sth. 需要做某事 need sth. 需要某物 (9)do ones best to do sth.= try ones best to do sth. 努力去做某事 (10) believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话） believe in sb. 信任某人 (11) keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续干某事(12) be angry with sb. 生某人的气 (13) with the help of sb.= with ones help 在某人的帮助下 (14)be sure(that ) +从句 意为：确信 be sure to do sth. 确信要做某事 be sure about sth. 对某事确信 (15) turn down 把调小 turn up 把调大 turn on/off 打开/关闭(16) hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事(17) be important to sb. 对某人是重要的(18) busy adj. 忙碌的 用法：be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. (19) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 (20) have a history of + 时间段 表示有多长的历史 (21)a 15-year-old girl 一个15岁的女孩 （注意year 不加s ）(22) 系动词有 get, turn, make, sound, 这些系动词的后面跟形容词 get tired/hungry 感到疲劳/变饿 turn green 变绿 make strong 变的强壮 sound interesting 听起来很有趣 (23) instead of 代替 例句：Lets stay at home watching TV instead of going to the movie. (24) have fun =enjoy oneself =have a good time 玩得高兴，玩得愉快 have great fun doing sth. 非常快乐的做某事单项选择 1. Would you mind if I shut(关) the door?AYes, please. B. OK. Do as you like C. Thats all right. D. Of course not. Do please.2. Do you mind _ up the music? A. to turn B. turning C. turn D to turning 3.Learning English well is important _ you . A . for B. to C. of D. with 4.Would you mind if _my bike here?A.I put B. I putting C. me put D. my putting 5.Your MP4 is nice. Where did you buy _ ? I want to buy _. A one, one B it, it C it , one D. one, it 6. Ann is only _ girl, but she can speak English well. A8years- old B. a 8years old Can 8year- old D. 8 years old7. Li Ping did not go shopping. He went skating _. A. of instead B instead of C instead D take the place 8. Do you mind _ the window ? A. I close B. I closing C. me close D . my closing 9. I want to be a basketball player. So I enjoy _ basketball every day. A. practice to play B. play the C. practicing playing D playing the 10. Could you please _ me around ? -Sure. A. to follow B. follow C. following D followed 11. _ the help of mother, I can cook (煮饭). A Under B Using C. With D. By Topic 3 I will take part in the school sports meet.1I am ready for the long jump我为跳远做好了准备。 be ready for+活动，表示“为准备好了”。【拓展】（1）be ready for sth. 表示“为准备好”。 （2）be ready to do sth. 表示“准备好做某事”。 2Its my first time to take part in the high jump这是我第一次参加跳高比赛。Its ones first time to do sth. =Its the first time for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人第一次做某事”。 3. Maybe Michael will make many friends during the sports meet. 也许迈克尔在运动会期间会交许多朋友。 （1）make friends with sb.与某人交朋友。如： （2）maybe adv也许，可能，大概。 maybe与may be maybe adv.，意为“可能，也许，大概”，在句中作状语，通常置于句首，也可放在动词之前。 may be分开来写则是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式，意为“可能是，也许是”。其中be还可换成其他的动词原形出现于情态动词may后。 4When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面? （1）shall同I和we连用，表示“将来，将要，将会”，后接动词原形。（2）否定shall not=shant，过去式should。 （3）在疑问句中和Iwe连用，表示提出或征求意见。 5Congratulations! 祝贺你! we are getting married! 我们要结婚了! Congratulations! 祝贺你们! Congratulations on your exam results! 祝贺你取得好的成绩! 【拓展】congratulate v. 祝贺，道贺 congratulate sb. (on sth.)向某人道贺如： 6Im so excited我太兴奋了。（1）excited adj.，意为“激动的，对感到兴奋”，主语通常是人。 （2）exciting adj.，意为“令人兴奋的”，主语通常是物，类似的词还有：interested和interesting，tired和tiring等。 7This encourages me a lot这次对我的鼓励很大。 encourage v. 鼓励。 常用词组encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。 8The Peoples Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952 中华人民共和国第一次参加奥林匹克运动会是在1952年。 （1）the Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国。缩略形式为PRC。 （2）for the first time第一次。for the second time第二次；for the last time最后一次。如： In 1984，she took part in the Olympics for the second time In 2012，he will take part in the Olympics for the last time 9Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for China in the l984 Los Angeles Olympics. win v.获胜，赢；n. winner获胜者，过去式won，现在分词winning。 win表示“赢得”，其宾语通常是war, game, battle, match, fame等。win可作及物动词或不及物动词。 10Its motto is“Faster，higher，stronger”它的宗旨是“更快，更高，更强。” motto n. 箴言，格言，座右铭。作可数名词，复数形式既可以为mottos，也可以是mottoes 11. The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games a symbol of sth 的象征。 12There are five rings，and they stand for the five parts of the wind stand for意为“代表”。【拓展】stand for容忍，忍受。 13You can easily find at least one of these colors in the flag of every country. 你能很容易地在每个国家的国旗上，至少找到这些颜色中的一种。 at least至少；最少。如： The red car will cost at least 200,000 yuan 【拓展】其反义词组为：at(the)most，意为“至多；不超过”。 14We should improve our environment我们应该改善我们的环境。 improve提高，改善。相当于to make sth. better。 ( )1My mother _ a dinner for my birthday next week. A. host Bhosted Chosting Dwill host ( )2We had a sports meeting last SundayI took part in the _race Aboys 800-meter Bboys 800 meter C boys800-meter Dboys800 meter ( )3Our school sports meeting comes_ Aevery two years Bevery two year C. every other D. two year ( )4We will have a basketball match tomorrow；Will you come to_us on? Alaugh Bcheer C. shout D. jump ( )5Could you come over and help me? Certainly_ ADont want. BIts my fun CIm coming now DHere you are. ( )6Uncle John is _for London next week. A. leave B. leaving Cto leaving D. leaves ( )7Because I have a_ sister，my mother must stay at home and look after her. A. 2-years-old B. 2-years old C. 2-year-old D. 2 years old ( )8Look at the boy! _ name is Tom, Li Leis _ friend. A. My; foreign B. Your; foreign C. His; foreign D. Her; foreign ( )9Well _ a sports meeting next Friday. A. give B. host C. carry D. join ( )10Thank you very much _ the flowers. A. to give me B. for give me C. for giving me D. give me ( )11Li Hua visited the Great Wall _ the first time yesterday. A. at B. to C. for D. in ( )12When shall we meet, Susan? Lets _ it six oclock. A. have B. get C. do D. make ( )13He _ likes playing the piano because he often reads books about it. A. may be B. may C. must D. maybe ( )14The flowers“roses”_ love, so everyone likes them very much. A. stands for B. stands with C. stand for D. stand with ( )15You must do sports and keep _. A. health B. healthy C. healthing D. healthily完形填空 A lot of students are having all kinds of sports on the sports field. A football game is going on right now 1 Class 3 and Class 4. We dont know which team will 2 . Look at those people over there! Some students of Class 1 are practicing the 3 jump. One of them is the best high jumper in the school. He practices hard every day. Many people think he will 4 the school record (记录) in the sports meet next spring. Not far away from them, some girls are preparing for a race. They 5 have a 600-meter race in ten minutes. Now on the corner of the field, you can see another group (群) of students. Their teacher is telling them 6 to throw discus (铁饼).In schools, 7 students love sports now. Sports help people to keep 8 . They also help people to live happily. And 9 doing sports on the sports field, many people will 10 good friends, too. Do you think so?( )1.A.inB.betweenC.fromD.of( )2.A.winB.winningC.fallD.falling( )3.A.longB.farC.highD.tall( )4.A.breakB.turnC.leaveD.name( )5.A.wereB.going toC.were going toD.will( )6.A.whatB.howC.whichD.that( )7.A.much and muchB.most and most C.many and manyD.more and more( )8.A.healthB.tiredC.healthyD.happy( )9.A.inB.beforeC.afterD.over( )10.A.becomeB.changeC.getD.bring补全对话。（10分）Mike：Hi, Jim. Jim：I am going to the gym.Mike： Jim：Im going to take part in the football match there. Mike：Of course. Ill go there to cheer you on.Jim：Oh. Its very good. Mike：Yes, I do. But I dont play very well.Jim：You need more practice.Mike：Yes, youre right. Jim：At five oclock. Mike：Oh, its ten past four now. Lets hurry.阅读理解 （A）Does having breakfast improve school study? More than 1,000 students in the city of Lawrence took part in an experiment one year ago and the answer is Yes.In the experiment students with breakfast got higher scores in the tests than those without breakfast.Among those who had breakfast，fewer were late for school，and much fewer missed their school.“By eating breakfast,you feel active in your morning.study and keep good health”Says Army,a famous doctor.she did the experiment for one year.Students without breakfast may be losing important nourishment（营养）in eggs,fruit milk，bread and so on. so try to get your children to have breakfast so that they can feel well，keep strong and do their best in their school work. 根据短文内容判断正误，正确填“T”，错误填“F”。（ ）1.Having breakfast can help students keep active.（ ）2.More students with breakfast were late for school.（ ）3.Army is a famous scientist（科学家）.（ ）4.Students without breakfast will be poor.（ ）5.Its good for parents to ask their children to have breakfast.（B）Dear Mr.Han,I just turned 12 years old,but I am very thin and not as tall as（像一样高）my classmates.My brother is 20 and is very tall.My father is also very tall.I eat lots of vegetables every day.I like eating fruit,but I dont like eating meat.I sleep for eight hours a day.I want to be tall.I am taking medicine.I think that medicine can make me grow tall.My teacher tells me that you are a great Chinese doctor.Can I grow tall? Do I need to take the medicine?Yours, JackDear Jack,I think that you can grow tall，because your father and brother are both very tall.You are still growing.As for the medicine,you should stop taking it.It is not good for your health.Yor should eat more meat.I am happy that you like eating vegetables and fruit.A balanced diet（均衡饮食）is very important for your health and it can make you grow tall. Yours, Mr. Han根据材料选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。（ ）31.How old is Jacks brother?A.Eleven years old B.Twelve years old C.Twenty years old D.Thirty years old（ ）32.What does Jack want to do?A.He wants to be tall B.He wants to be thinC.He wants to be healthy D.He wants to be good-looking（ ）33.Mr.Han is a .A.teacher B.doctor C.student D.reporter（ ）34.From the passage we can learn that .A.Jacks father is short B.Jack doesnt like eating fruitC.Jacks brother is a student D.Jack is taking medicine（ ）35.What is Mr.Hans advice to Jack?A.To eat more meat and take the medicine. B.To eat more meat and not to take the medicine.C.To eat less meat and take the medicine. D.To eat less meat and not to take the medicine.（C）Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they will get punishment, too.On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1,200 students in the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.At Morton High School, students favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank