大码头乡1万亩中低产田改造项目可行性研究报告(DOC_35页).doc

Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun already, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tickets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.Lesson24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. I found this outside this gentlemans room she said. Well, I said to the manager, there is still some honesty in this world !lesson25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗？I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was大码头乡1万亩中低产田改造项目可行性研究报告第一章项目概要1.1 项目背景大码头乡是以农业生产为主的乡镇，近几年来，由于田间灌排工程不配套，农田灌溉周期长，影响种植结构调整和粮棉产量的提高。为了更好地贯彻落实党在农村的各项政策,解决好三农问题,加快农民的致富步伐,农民迫切需要改善生产条件，提高农产品产量,增加农民经济收入。在项目区内通过配套建设农田水利工程，推广先进的科学技术，发展农业产业化，可显著提高农产品的产量、产值，增加农民收入。该项目区域内，水利配套设施不健全，地势高洼不平，灌溉排水困难，自然发展条件差，地形地貌和土质经开发后易种植棉花等农作物。1.2 项目范围、规模、内容和工期项目区土地总面积1.3万亩,其中耕地面积1.0万亩，该项目区项目区北至高港村通东北坞村柏油路，东、南至寿光市界，西至油地共建路。包括大码头乡高港、杨宅2个行政村。项目主要建设内容是疏挖修建沟、渠、路，新建桥、涵、闸等水工建筑物，改善灌排条件，推广农业新技术和优良品种，发展高效农业。计划从2005年4月开始进行初步设计，7月份动工建设，2006年3月底全面竣工。1.3 投资估算和资金筹措项目总投资316万元，其中农田水利223万元，林业建设15万元，农业科技32万元，农业措施31万元,项目管理费5万元。省以上财政扶持199万元, 市财政配套12万元，县财政配套23万元，资金由农民自筹 82万元，。1.4 效益项目建成发挥效益后，可年新增产值292 万元，利润103 万元,项目区农民纯收入增加总额为 170万元，项目区农民纯收入人均增加404 元。1.5 组织领导和管理工程会战期间，县、乡建立农业综合开发指挥部，由农开办、农业、水利、财政等部门主要领导为成员，负责全面调度管理工程建设，并搞好质量监督和资金管理，实行分级负责制，确保工程质量和种植结构调整任务的完成。第二章项目区概况2.1自然条件2.1.1 地理位置该项目区位于广饶县大码头乡境内的反修沟两侧， 东、南至寿光市界,西至油地共建路、北至柏油路。东经1183706至1183924，北纬370659至370820。 2.1.2 地形地貌该项目区所在地区地形西高东低，地面高程5.0-6.5米（黄海高程），地面缓平。地貌类型主要有浅平洼地、微斜平地、河阶地、河圈地四种。2.1.3 水文地质广饶县境内有小清河和支脉河两大水系的12条河流。其中：小清河，全长240公里，境内流长34公里，流域面积585平方公里，防洪流量360立方米/秒，流向自西向东。淄河，旧称淄水，全长141.5公里,境内流长37.8公里,为南北流向。裙带河，境内流长17公里，行洪能力50立方米/秒，南北流向。阳河，境内流长14.6公里，流域面积26平方公里，属季节性河流,南北流向。预备河,境内流长26.5公里,行洪能力81立方米/秒,流向自西向东。支脉河，境内流长48.2公里，流域面积1388平方公里，行洪能力260立方米/秒，流向自西向东。广北新河，系人工河道，全长12.4公里，流域面积80平方公里。该项目区紧靠预备河北岸，属预备河流域。广饶县在大地构造上属华北地台，东西向的齐河广饶大断裂带从广饶县境中部穿过。断裂南盘上升，属鲁西台背斜，其上，北北西南南东向的昌乐广饶断层，穿过广饶县城西；断层西盘上升，属鲁西隆断区；东盘下降，属昌潍坳断区。齐河广饶大断裂北盘下降，属辽冀台向斜的济南坳断区。此区又分两个次一级的构造单元，县北部属东营坳陷南坡，中部大营赵嘴一带属广饶凸起。受上述构造格局控制，全县分为三个沉积环境地貌水文地质单元。以石村经颜徐至周庄村为分界线，此线以南为泰沂山北麓山前淄河冲积扇的中尾部，第四系地层较薄，由浅至深均含淡水；此线以北至小清河为山前冲积、黄河淤积和海潮侵袭交替作用形成的海陆相沉积，第四系地层较厚，地下水由浅至深为咸淡或淡咸淡水；小清河以北则为黄河淤积平原末端，第四系地层很厚，由浅至中等深度均含咸水。本项目区属于黄河淤积平原。浅层潜水及微承压水含水层分布因受黄河水影响而没有规律，含水层主要为粉细砂，累计厚度一般小于10米，矿化度2-5克/升。中深层承压含水和深层承压含水组：中深层含水组以咸水为主体，深层含水组以淡水为主体。含水层主要由粉细砂、中砂组成，淡水含水层累计厚度20-40米。2.1.4 气候特征广饶县地处北温带，属半湿润季风大陆性气候。气候特点是雨、热同季，大陆性强（大陆度66.4），寒暑交替，四季分明。春季（35月）气温回暖快、降水少、风速大，气候干燥。夏季（68月）气温高、湿度大、降水集中、气候湿热。秋季（911月）气温急降、雨量骤减、秋高气爽。冬季（122月）雨雪稀少、寒冷干燥。日照广饶县地处中纬度地带，四季变化分明，平均年日照时数2570.4小时，其中春季726.4小时，太阳实际辐射量39.1千卡/平方厘米；夏季691.8小时，太阳实际辐射量38.8千卡/平方厘米；秋季616.7小时，太阳实际辐射量26.0千卡/平方厘米；冬季535.1小时，太阳实际辐射量19.7千卡/平方厘米。5月份日照时数最长，平均270.3小时，12月份日照时数最短，平均为177.1小时。410月份每天平均实际日照时数7小时左右，其中5月份最长，可达89小时。气温年平均气温12.3，季平均气温为：春季12.8，夏季25.5，秋季13.3，冬季2.2。一年之中最冷月是1月份，月平均气温-3.9。日平均气温-5的严寒期年平均26天，最长达49天，最短仅3天。最热月是7月份，月平均气温26.4，30的炎热期年平均4天，最长11天，最短0天。境内极端最高气温达41.9（1968年6月11日），极端最低气温-23.3（1972年1月27日）。0的活动积温是4747.2，5的活动积温是4603.3，10的活动积温4296.8，15的活动积温3679.4，20的活动积温2710。霜期境内常年初霜期出现在10月20日，终霜期常年出现在4月27日，霜日常年为69天，初、终间日数168天，无霜期常年197天。冻土冻土多出现在11月至次年3月。境内最大冻土深度58厘米。10厘米解冻日期是3月30日，30厘米冻结日期最早12月30日，最晚1月30日。解冻日期最早是2月3日，最晚是3月4日。降水县境内降水年际变化，年内季节和各月分布不均匀。常年平均为589.9毫米，最大降水量是1142.6毫米（1964年），最小351.7毫米（1965年），降水量年际变化幅度790.9毫米。季节降水不均，春季平均81.7毫米，占全年的14%；夏季380.4毫米，占全年的64%；秋季104.7毫米，占18%；冬季23.1毫米，占4%。0.1毫米的降水日数年平均74.2天；5毫米的降水日数年平均26天；10毫米的降水日数年平均15.9天；25毫米的降水日数年平均6.0天，100毫米的降水日数为年平均0.3天。境内暴雨（日降水50毫米）的日数，年平均1.9天，暴雨初日最早是4月26日，最晚是9月30日。境内日最大降水量230.3毫米，最长连续降水日数（日降水0.1毫米）12天，降水量118.6毫米，最长连续无降水日（日降水0.1毫米）76天。湿度与蒸发年平均相对湿度为65%。夏季降水多，相对湿度为73%；春、冬降水少，相对湿度小，月平均相对湿度在60%以下。年平均蒸发量在1865.4毫米，年最大蒸发量2477.7毫米；年蒸发量在1900毫米以上的年份占62%。春季蒸发量大，年平均679.0毫米，占年蒸发量的36%；夏季次之，平均669.6毫米；冬季最小，平均162.3毫米，占年蒸发量的9%。风境内全年主导风向为东南风。冬季和晚秋以西北风为主，其余季节以东南风为主。年平均风速2.9米/s，4月份最大，平均为3.9米/s；9月份最小，平均为2.1米/s。2.1.5河流水系全县有大小河流6条，分为小清河和支脉河两大水系。小清河、淄河、阳河、预备河、雷埠沟、为小清河水系；支脉河为支脉河水系。项目区南接预备河，北靠小清河。2.1.6土壤与植被 土壤 项目区内土壤以滨海盐化潮土为主，黄泛淤积而成，土地类型多为中壤土。土壤PH值7.27.5，地下水矿化度25g/L。含盐量为:05cm0.178%，520cm0.128%，2050cm0.123%,50120cm0.058%,1米土体含盐量0.0679%。土质松散，耕性良好。0-20cm土层养分含量为：有机质0.81.0%，全氮3060ppm，速效钾50100ppm，速效磷510ppm。2.1.7自然灾害旱灾旱灾是主要自然灾害之一，发生次数多，影响范围广，危害重。以春旱危害最大，其次是夏旱、秋旱，冬旱虽有发生，但危害较小。春旱，约十年八遇，重春旱机率五年二遇。夏旱一般二年一遇，重夏旱四至五年一遇，多发生在初夏。秋旱约二年一遇，重秋旱四至五年一遇。冬旱时有发生，约五年二遇，一般无明显灾害，但往往导致次年春旱。全年四季连旱较少发生。一年之中，多为交替发生或部分季节连旱。涝灾涝灾约五至六年一遇，以夏涝、夏秋连涝较多、较重，春涝较少。1996年因支脉河上游连降大雨，造成该区域客水倒灌，项目区受灾严重。风雹灾 风灾有干热风、大风和龙卷风等类型。干热风主要出现在5月下旬到6月下旬。境内年平均大风日数17.2天，四季以春季最多，平均8.9天，其次是夏季，再次冬季，以秋季最少，平均0.3天。龙卷风，建国后境内只出现过两次，发生于1964年的8月1日和1987年7月20日，中心风力12级以上，造成了严重损失。雹灾平均每年1.1次，最多的一年出现5次。一年中以5月7月居多，最早出现于4月上旬，最晚出现于11月中旬。降雹时间多在中午至傍晚，持续530分钟；冰雹深度多在120厘米范围内，多发生在县境内北部、东北部和西南部。风暴潮县境濒临渤海莱洲湾，沿海一带海潮灾害时有发生。建国后危害较重的海潮灾害有4次，分别发生在1958年、1964年、1980年、1992年。其中1992年9月2日有大海潮，潮位6.42米，直接经济损失1亿元以上。低温冻害与霜冻境内春霜冻危害较大，秋霜冻危害程度较轻。建国后，春霜冻危害较大的一次出现在1958年春，秋霜冻危害较重的一次是1962年10月上旬。病虫害全县危害农作物的病害83种，虫害84种。其中发生较严重的病害58种，虫害49种，常年造成较大危害的病害37种，虫害46种。2.1.8其它生物资源动物资源中,饲养动物有牛、马、驴、羊、骡、猪、家兔、狐狸、鹿、貂、水獭、鸡、鹅、鸭、鸽等，野生动物有野兔、蛇、鼠及禽类和昆虫类等；水生动物主要有草鱼、鲢鱼、鲤鱼