英语选修词汇学案.doc

U4(选修六) Language points-reading1.depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信 You cant depend on your parents forever.depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做You cant depend on him to come on time.depend on/upon +it +that. 指望.You may depend on it that he will come.depend on/upon +wh-从句 Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定，I may help you. But that/ it depends. 2. light 1)n. 光,线,灯 2)v.照亮,点燃He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。 A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。 The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着 3)adj The suitcase is very light.（轻的） There was a light rain falling. He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。 （易醒的） 3. heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖 heated adj. 热的激烈的 heated debate, heated discussion heatedly adv.愤怒地激昂地 heater 加热器发热器 4.consume v.- consumer (n.). 1） 消耗,花费;耗尽 She consumed most of her time in reading. 2) 吃完,喝光 The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃 光。 3) 使全神贯注,使着迷+with The boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。 5.as as one can = as as possible Please come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can.as many as 多达 /as long as 长达,只要/ as far as 远至,就而论/ as well as 和一样好,也,和 /as early as 早在 6.对比： Our food supply has given out.His money soon ran out. We are running out of our time. I have run out of my oil. All his savings have been used up. 7.Trap vt. / n. 挡住圈套 Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream. They finally trapped the mouse in a cage.最后，他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了。 The police set a trap for the thieves. She was trapped in the burning house. 8.keep .from. stop. (from). prevent(from). You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。 Keep doing 继续/ keep out 挡住使进不去 /keep up with 跟上 9 What do you think green house gases do?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢? 本句中 think 后接了一个由 what 引导的宾语从句。 但应注意的是：特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think, believe，suppose， consider, imagine，guess 和 suggest 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。例如： 正 Who do you think will win in the game? 误 Do you think who will win in the game? 当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如： 误 Why do you know we cant cut down the big tree? 正 Do you know why we cant cut down the big tree? when compared to other natural changes 是一个省略的时间状语从句，其完整的形式应该是 When it is compared to; 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句为同一主语，或者从句的主 语是 it,而且从句中的谓语动词时动词 be 或含有助动词 be，可省略主语和 be 如： If (it is) so, you must get back and get it.Although (he was) criticized, he still worked hard. He hurt his legs badly when (he was) playing football. 10.compare compare to/ with: 与相比 Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate. compare A with B：相比（不同） If you compare her work with his, you will findhers is much better. compare A to B：把 A 比作 B Poets have compared sleep to death. A teachers work is often compared to a candle. The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems. Compared to ten years ago, the carbon dioxide content over this decade has gone up rapidly. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is compared to the glass of greenhouse. Compared with is similar to People often compare teachers to gardeners. 人们经常把老师比做园丁。That probably doesnt sound very much to you or me but it is a rapid increase. compared to most natural changes 与大多数的自然变化相比 11.come about:发生=happen(无被动） 1) This situation should never have come out. 2) How did it come about that he had his leg hurt?他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的？ 3 )This has not come about overnight.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 Take place 事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排：The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. Happen 偶然或突发性事件：I happened to see him on my way home= It happened that I saw him on my way home. Occur 发生或想到，突然想起，意为发生时=happen: what has occurred? I occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. Come about 事情发生了， 但还不知道为什么。常用于否定和疑问 When mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about. Break out 常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生 come短语扩展come into being 形成 Come into power/office 当权/当职 Come into force/effect 开始生效 Come out 出版 ,结果 come across 偶遇When it comes to 涉及 Come up with 提出 Come up 在空中出现come true 成真 12.There is no doubt that . 毫无疑问. There is no doubt that he can come on time. doubt 的宾语从句： 肯定句 whether / if / that .He doubted whether they would be able to help.否定句that .He never doubted that they would win the game.beyond / without doubt 无疑地13random 随意的胡乱的随机的 randomly at random 任意地随便地 14. phenomenon (sing.) phenomena (pl.) the phenomena of nature 自然现象 /a social phenomenon 社会现象 15.Subscribe vi. Vt. Subscribe to 同意赞同，支持订阅签名 I subscribe to your opinion completely.(同意赞同) I subscribe to a weekly womens magazine（订阅报纸杂志） She subscribes to a society which helps to protect animals(定期捐款） 16Without the green house effect，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷 33 这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句 =If there were no “green house effect”, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业.17. add v. add up 加起来Add up these figures, please.add up to 合计达 add to 增加 If you add 4 to 3 , you get 7 18. quantity 1) He likes reading and always buys books in quantity. 他喜欢阅读,总是成批地买书。 2)He prefers quality to quantity when food is concerned. 在吃的方面，他重质而不重量 3)A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature began to rise.自从气温 升高，大量的空调已经被卖出去了。 a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的，许多的 in quantity;成批地，大量地 a large quantity of/large quantities of 之后接可数或不可数名词。 注意:a large quantity of作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of作主语，谓语动 词都用复数 Quantities of food were on the table. Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.Huge quantities of fossil fuels are burned to produce energy. As a result of burning fossil fuels, a large of carbon dioxide _ added to the atmosphere. A. number; is B. quantity; is C. number; are D. quantity; are 19.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。 causing 现在分词短语置于句尾，通常和句子隔开，作结果状语。 现在分词作结果状语时，表示正常的结果 His father died, leaving him a lot of money and a big company. 不定式短语也可以置于句尾，有时前面加 only,在句子中作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料 之外的或事与愿违的结果例如： He hurried to the station, only to find that th train had left already. 20. Tend- tendency vt.照顾，护理 She is tending (to) a very sick patient. （她在护理一位重病人。 ） There is a farmer tending his sheep. vi. tend to 易于，往往会；倾向于 When Im tired, I tend to make mistakes. He tends to get angry when people oppose his opinion.21.go up:上升，增长；响起；（幕布）升起；破产She went up (to Cambridge) in 1977. (英)上大学Cigarettes are going up (in price). 上涨 New office blocks are going up everywhere.建造起盖起 The whole building went up in flames.被烧(炸)毁 When are you next going up to Scotland?北上苏格兰 Unemployment has gone up again.增加 The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room. (舞台幕布)拉起 Were going up to London next weekend. 进城 go up in smoke 化为乌有 go by 经过 go in for 参加 go through 经历，遭到 go on 前进 22. result in 导致, 造成 =lead to The accident resulted in three people being killed. The accident _ the death of two passengers. A. resulted from B. resulted in C. resulted of D. resulted with result from: 起因于，因为 23.opposevt.& vi.反对，抗争；使相对；使对照；抵制Most citizens opposed the new tax.大部分市民反对新税。 The mother opposed her daughters going there alone.这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿 Im strongly opposed to your plan.我坚决反对你的计划。His daughter is very athletic, as opposed to his son, who is very clever.他的女儿擅长运动，他 的儿子却擅长动脑，两人形成鲜明的对比。oppose sth 反对某事oppose doing sth 反对干某事 be opposed to sth./doing sth.反对 as opposed to(介词)与对照下 表示“反对”的短语： be against 反对，不同意；object to (doing)sth.反对，讨厌； object that对提出异议。24.consequencen.结果，成果；逻结论；重要性；推论The rise in lung cancers was a consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌的增长是吸烟造成的 结果。Im afraid youre ill.你恐怕是病了吧 Its of no consequence.不要紧 As a consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻 底毁坏了。 Who should answer for the consequence of the accident.谁应该为这起事故负责？ be of no/little/great/much +consequence 不/非常重要 as a consequence (of)= in consequence (of) 结果（是） ，由于 take the consequence of 承担责任 answer for the consequences 对后果负责。 句子改写 1)He hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare, so they had to walk there. =He hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare, and in _they had to walk there. 2)Is the experiment very important to you? =Is the experiment _ _ _ to you? in consequence of great consequence 25. mild adj. 1) 温和的,温柔的 He is the mildest man alive. 他是世上最和善的人了。 2) 温暖的,暖和的 Its been a mild winter this year. 今年的冬天一直很暖和。 3) 味淡的,不浓烈的 Please make my drink a mild one. 请把我的酒调得淡一点。 4) 轻微的,不重的;宽大的 He was given a mild punishment. 他被从轻发落。 26. state-statement The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith 陈述;声明;说明 Ice is the solid state of water .形态 In china, the railway are owned by the state.国家,政府 There are 50 states in AmericaEverything was in a state of disorder.状态 The president has made an important statement about the matter. state 是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况，但不如 condition 具体，只用作单数形式。The house was in a dirty state. condition 是常用词，(1) 用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态， 尤指内在状态， 可与 state 替用；eg. be in poor/good condition (2)用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态。eg. poor working conditions situation 是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合起 来的状态，多指危急或重大的事态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。 eg.find oneself in an embarrassing situation position （1）有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）（2）(尤作单数)处境，情势（尤指影响某人行 为的能力）eg.I am not in a position to help you.我帮不了你。 27. range 1)排列, 将.排成行 The cards were ranged in alphabetical order. 2 )(在一定范围内)变化 the frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast The prices of the pens range from $5-$100. 3) Its beyond the range of my ability. 4) I came within my range of vision. 5) he has a wide range of knowledge. beyond the range of 超出范围 within the range of 在范围内 range from A to B 范围从 A 到 B 28.build up 1)The clouds are building up.云彩在聚集 2)You need more protein to build you up. 增强体质,强身健体。 3)Shes built up a very successful business.逐步建立 4)The singer has been built up into a good success.吹捧，赞扬 5)Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up. 逐渐增长 6)Hard working conditions build up character. (喻)能磨练人的性格 29. even if /though 即使I wouldnt tell you even if I knew. Even if she survives, shell never fully recover. Even though hes 24 now, hes still like a little child. I can still remember, even though it was so long ago. 30. steady-steadily 平稳的，持续的，可靠地，稳固的 He has made a steady decision There has been a steady increase in car production in the past 6 months. Zhang Feng is a steady young man. Please keep the ladder steady. We drove at a steady speed. A steady job/income 稳定的工作/收入 A steady worker 可靠的工人 Steady rain 连绵的雨31. tendency 倾向 趋势 She has artistic tendencies. 她有艺术气质。 There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices. Mary is nice but she has a tendency to talk too much. 有倾向; +to/toward He has a tendency towards pessimism. 他有悲观的倾向。 Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things. 鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。 Trend tendency current 区分:这些名词均含“趋势，倾向”之意。 trend: 指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。A recent trend in literature, fashion trend tendency: 指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。 current: 指向某一方面发展或在确趋向中行动 32. widespread 分布广的，普遍的 The forests are widespread in our country. 我们的国家森林分布很广。 The new laws gained widespread acceptance. Their suggestion met with widespread disagreement 普遍的 There was a widespread belief in his innocence 33.on the whole 总的来说；从总体上看 On the whole ,he is a good boy. The weather this month has been cold on the whole. On the whole, Im in favor of the idea. The paper is well written on the whole. 34. average ：above the average 在一般 水平以上, 中上; 在平均数以上 below the average 在一般水平以下, 中下; 在平均数以下 on average 平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说 on an average 平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说 The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.(N) 4、8 和 60 的平均数是 24。 adj平均；平均水平的What is the average rainfall for August in your country? The average age of the students in this class is 9. His average result (of this three subjects) is 96. His results is the average.他成绩平平 Id say he was of average height.中等个头 Tom is good at maths-well above average.远远高于平均水平 On average, babies start walking at a year old. Language points-reading 35.on behalf of 代表一方 My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf. We attended the global conference on behalf of our country. Im greatly honored to put on performance here on behalf of my school. The heros wife accepted the medal on behalf of her dead husband. 36.advocate v. 提倡主张拥护鼓吹/ n.提倡者 He advocates building more schools.The public advocated passing the law. 37commitment -commit v.犯罪犯错误,使承担义务,为某人作出保证 commit a crime犯罪 38.make a difference :有关系，有影响，有重要性 make no difference：没有关系，没有重要性 It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去或明天去没有多大关系. It make no difference if you light a lamp in the sunshine. 白天点灯多此一举。 39.put up with 忍受;忍耐;受苦 We cant put up with his endless complaint. Im afraid youll have to put up with his bad temper. That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with. Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it. 与 stand, bear 区分： We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days. I cannot stand waiting any longer. Modern plastics can _ very high and very low temperature.（山东） Astand B. hold C. carry D. support put aside 节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把放在一边 put away 收拾起来;储存(钱) put back 放回原处;拖延 put down 写下;记下;控制 put forward 提出(意见、建议);推荐 put off 延期;推迟 put out 熄灭; 扑灭 put up 举起;张开(伞);张贴;为提供食宿 40.so long as / as long as 只要，如果As long as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do). You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back b