linux下工具安装.docx

Linu 下一些常用 工具的安装说明1. Jdk for linux安装# chmod a+x jdk-6u12-linux-i586-rpm.bin /赋予执行权限# sh jdk-6u12-linux-i586-rpm.bin /默认安装在/usr/java/jdk2# vi /etc/profile /设置环境变量添加以下内容:# source /etc/profile /立即生效# ls s f /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_12/jre/bin/java /创建软件连接# ls s f /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_12/bin/javac# java version /查看版本如下:2. Apache-Ant安装下载地址：安装Ant之前必须先安装JDK# tar zxvf apache-ant-1.8.3-bin.tar.gz# mv apache-ant-1.8.3 /usr/local/# vi /etc/profile# source /etc/profile /使用刚才设置生效#ant -version /测试是否安装成功3. MySql for linux源码安装 (不同版本安装要求会不同)-创建mysql组-# groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql mysql # cd /usr/local# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.55.tar.gz# cd mysql-5.1.55 # ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/mysql # make # make install # cp support-files/f /etc/f# cd /usr/local/mysql# chown -R root . #改当前目录的拥有者为root。注意，最后有个 “.”，表示当前目录# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var #-R表示递归之下的所有目录(版本不同有些没有var而是data)# chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql #改变目录所属为mysql# bin/mysqld_safe -user=mysql & #启动mysql初始化(&表示在后台执行) # bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 123456 #更改root登录密码 -把mysql加入到系统服务中-# cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql# chkconfig -add mysql #加入到系统服务中，就可以通过service mysql|start|stop|status|restart进行管理 -把mysql加入环境变量 (.bashrc与profile有区别)方法一(局部): # cd /root# cp .bashrc .bashrc.bak #先备份一份# vi .bashrc #按i进入可编辑状态在最后加入：export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH:.# source /.bashrc #回到终端再输入此命令，以使刚修改的起作用，代表用户主目录# env #查看一下是否生效方法二(全局) :# vi /etc/profile /加入mysql 环境变量# source /etc/profile-Linux开放3306端口-# service iptables stop# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables 按i进入可编辑状态,在最后加入-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT# service iptables start -给root用户开启mysql远程访问权限-# shutdown -hr now #重启电脑# ps -e | grep mysql #查看mysql是否已随开机启动，或者输入：service mysqld status# mysql -uroot -p #进入mysql(此处必须是配置了mysql的环境变量才能直接使用)mysql rant all on *.* to root% identified by 123456;#grant 权限 on 数据库名.表名 to 用户登录主机 identified by 用户密码;mysql lush privileges; #可以让操作即时启效或(update user set host = % where user = root; /这个命令执行错误时可略过flush privileges; select host,user from user; )4. Python for linux查看当前python版本Python V升级 yum install gcc g+ openssl-devel zlib-devel赋执行权限# chmod 775 Python-2.7.3.tar# tar -zxvf Python-2.7.3.tar 或者tar -jxvf Python-2.6.5.tar.bz2# cd Python-2.7.3# ./configure# make & make install 默认安装在/usr/local/lib/Python2.7# /usr/local/bin/python2.7 V 查看版本# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak 备份之前的软连接# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python 建立新的软连接# python V 指向否成功修改yum配置# vi /usr/bin/yum yum是基于python2.4才能正常工作将文本编辑显示的#!/usr/bin/python修改为#!/usr/bin/python2.4，保存修改即可.5. Sysbench for linux1.准备环境: 更新依赖软件: yum install gcc libtool 在 /projects/sysbench 下载源码包2.安装#tar-zxvfsysbench-0.4.12.tar.gz#cdsysbench-0.4.12#./autogen.sh#./configureprefix=/usr/local/sysbench -with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include-with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib#make&makeinstall./autogen.sh 清理环境,该操作只有sysbench-0.4.12有在安装过程中可能会遇到三个问题:一是在编译时会报libtools错误如图解决方法:运行yum install libtool二是在运行sysbench时报如下错误(sysbench无法找到mysql库文件)如图:解决方法:将libmysqlclient.so.xx文件所在的目录append至/etc/ld.so.conf文件或添加环境变量exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib三是报如下错误：# sysbench -test=oltp -db-driver=mysql -mysql-host=localhost -mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql.sock -mysql-user=root -mysql-table-engine=innodb -oltp-table-size=100000000 prepare sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmarkFATAL: unable to connect to MySQL server, aborting.FATAL: error 1049: Unknown database sbtestFATAL: failed to connect to database server!解决方法是加-mysql-db option(数据库名称),告诉sysbench往哪个数据库中装填数据6. Php5.3.8 for linux更新安装php5.3.8所依赖库yum -y install gcc gcc-c+ php-gd autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/php -with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc -enable-trans-sid -with-xml -with-mysql=mysqlnd -with-mysqli=mysqlnd -with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd -with-freetype-dir -with-jpeg-dir -with-png-dir -with-zlib -enable-xml -disable-rpath -enable-discard-path -enable-safe-mode -enable-bcmath -enable-shmop -enable-sysvsem -enable-inline-optimization -with-curl -with-curlwrappers -enable-mbregex -enable-fastcgi -enable-fpm -enable-force-cgi-redirect -enable-mbstring -with-gd -enable-gd-native-ttf -with-openssl -with-mhash -enable-pcntl -enable-sockets -with-ldap -with-ldap-sasl-with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs使用php支持apache最后从解压目录中copy php.ini. development 改名为 php.ini# make & meke install # /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /启动php-fpm安装过程中出现的问题:configure: error: LDAP SASL check failed. Please check config.log for more information.原因是64位系统需要使用64位的库,重新指定一下库的引用解决方法: 暂时是去掉 编译 -with-ldap -with-ldap-sasl7. nginx for linux# yum y install gcc gcc-c+ autoconf automake zlib zlib-devel# yum y install openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel# tar zxvf nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz# cd nginx-1.2.5# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/nginx -with-pcre -with-http_stub_status_module -with-http_gzip_static_module -with-http_ssl_module -http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/http-proxy-cache# make & make install# mkdir -p /tmp/nginx/http-proxy-cacheNginx启动 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 或添加 c 指定nginx.conf的路径。Nginx停止 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stopnginx重启 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload由于nginx的配置文件比较大，所以这里通过include的方式将模块化配置文件引入到主配置文件中，主配置文件在安装的nginx目录的conf目录中，名称为nginx.conf。其他模块化配置文件在conf/extra/目录下，分别是basic.conf、gzip.conf、location.conf。下面是各文件内容的示例 nginx.confuser www www; #使用的用户和组worker_processes 2;#指定工作衍生进程数(一般为cpu总核数的两倍)error_log logs/error.log debug;#错误日志存放目录，按级别分为(debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit)pid logs/nginx.pid#指定pid存放的路径eventsuse epoll;#linux下推荐使用epoll,nginx可以高并发连接得益于使用了epoll(linux)和kqueue(freebsd)网络I/O模型，而apache使用的是传统的select模型，其比较稳定的prefork模式为多进程，需要经常派生子进程，所消耗的CPU等服务器资源比nginx高的多。worker_connections 1024;#允许连接数http#通过include方式引入各模块 include /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/basic.conf; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/gzip.conf; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/location.conf; basic.confinclude mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;#charset gb2312;#统一设置网站字符集，慎用，尽量在HTML中通过META标签设置。server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;#指定服务器名称哈希表的框大小，默认值取决于cpu缓存client_header_buffer_size 32k;#设置客户端请求header头缓冲区大小，1K默认，与COOKIE有关。large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;#客户端请求不能大于这个值，否则会报414或400错误。client_max_body_size 8m;#客户端请求内容的最大值，即客户端请求header头信息中设content-length的最大值，默认为1M，如果超过该指令设置的最大值，将返回413。sendfile on;#是否启动sendfile()函数。tcp_nopush on;#是否允许在linux上使用TCP_CORK套接字选项，依赖于sendfile on.keepalive_timeout 60;#默认值，使客户端与服务器端连接持续有效，IE中浏览器自身限制60S。tcp_nodelay on;#是否允许使用套接字选项TCP_NODELAY，依赖于keep-alive连接。log_format main $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer$http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for;access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log main; #设置访问日志输出格式和路径 gzip.confgzip on;# 开启GZIP模块gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.0;gzip_comp_level 2;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;gzip_vary on; location.confserver listen 8080; #监听服务器的8080端口 server_name localhost; #访问地址 IP方式和域名方式 index index.html index.htm; log_not_found off; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html root /usr/local/nginx/html; #location #此标识必须有；实例部署时需要在此标识后追加内容 启动nginx；打开 :8080, 能看到nginx的欢迎信息，安装成功!killall php-fpm/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm8. Flash player下载install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz 安装的版本根据系统环境而定,以本人系统64位为例:#tar zxvf install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz只有一个” libflashplayer.so”的文件,将此文件移动到火狐的插件目录查找火狐插件目录#find /usr name mozilla /如有多个目录根据系统情况而定#mv libflashplayer.so /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins重启火狐即可/?p=349. Apache for linux下载: /download.cgi#tar zxvf httpd-2.4.6.tar.gzrootlocalhostapache#tarjxvfhttpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2/解压apache的压缩包rootlocalhostapache#cdhttpd-2.4.6/定位到httpd-2.4.6文件夹下rootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.6#ls/查看显示httpd-2.4.6文件夹下内容rootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.6#./configure-help|more/查看安装apache配置参数rootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.6#./configure-prefix=/usr/local/apache-enable-so/配置apache路径,后面跟-enable-so参数表示让apache核心装载DSOrootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.6#make/编译apache出错了！提示：configure:error:APRnotfound.Pleasereadthedocumentation在apache官网上可以下载到apr-1.4.6.tar.gz解决aprnotfound问题APR和APR-UTIL的下载地址：/download.cgirootlocalhostapache#tar-zxfapr-1.4.8.tar.gzrootlocalhostapache#cdapr-1.4.8rootlocalhostapr-1.4.8#./configure-prefix=/usr/local/aprrootlocalhostapr-1.4.8#makerootlocalhostapr-1.4.8#makeinstall安装完成后，再来编译apacherootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.6#make 又出错了！提示：configure:error:APR-utilnotfound.Pleasereadthedocumentation好吧！还是上面的apache官网地址再下载apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz解决APR-utilnotfound问题rootlocalhostapache#tar-zxfapr-util-1.5.2.tar.gzrootlocalhostapache#cdapr-util-1.5.2rootlocalhostapr-util-1.5.2#./configure-prefix=/usr/local/apr-util-with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-configrootlocalhostapr-util-1.5.2#makerootlocalhostapr-util-1.5.2#makeinstall再来编译apache时加上:-with-apr=/usr/local/apr -with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 再次出错！提示：configure:error:pcre-configforlibpcrenotfound.PCREisrequiredandavailablefrom/， 我X!linux安装软件之间关联性有时能让人崩溃。rootlocalhostapache#./configurehelp|greppcre-with-pcre=PATHUseexternalPCRElibrary下载地址：/pcre/下载pcre-8.30.zip，列表文件较多，一般浏览器会有搜索功能，你可ctrl+f搜索定位后下载。rootlocalhostapache#unzip-opcre-8.30.ziprootlocalhostapache#cdpcre-8.30rootlocalhostpcre-8.30#./configure-prefix=/usr/local/pcrerootlocalhostpcre-8.30#makerootlocalhostpcre-8.30#makeinstall在次编译Apache时加rootyahoohttpd-2.3.12-beta#./configure-prefix=/usr/local/apache -with-apr=/usr/local/apr -with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/-with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/注意，这里后面跟的参数，一定要与前面安装apr和apr-util的路径一致。rootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.1#makerootlocalhosthttpd-2.4.1#makeinstall报错:make2: * htpasswd Error 1make2: Leaving directory /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild/httpd-2.0.63/supportmake1: * all-recursive Error 1make1: Leaving directory /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild/httpd-2.0.63/supportmake: * all-recursive Error 1解决办法:#mv /usr/lib/libm.a /usr/lib/libm.a.bak#mv /usr/lib/libm.so /usr/lib/libm.so.bak#mv /usr/lib/libexpat.so /usr/lib/libexpat.so.bak#ln -s /usr/lib64/libm.a /usr/lib/libm.a#ln -s /usr/lib64/libm.so /usr/lib/libm.so#ln -s /usr/lib64/libexpat.so /usr/lib/libexpat.so分析:由于我的CENTOS 是 64bit的，在编译配置中并没有指定 -with-included-apr的具体引用路径，导致找不到相应的库文件，而 -with-included-apr 默认是查找/usr/lib下的库文件，而，正确的引用应该是/usr/lib64下的。这类情况在64bit下非常常见，其它错:make install时出错：/bin/sh /usr/local/httpd-2.2.3/srclib/apr/libtool -mode=install /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 libaprutil-1.la /usr/local/apache2/liblibtool: install: error: cannot install libaprutil-1.la to a directory not ending in /usr/local/apache2/lib make2: * install Error 1解决方法：1、执行make clean后，重新编译安装启动apacherootlocalhostbin#pwd/usr/local/apache/binrootlocalhostbin#apachectlstop停止rootlocalhostbin#apachectlstart启动查看80端口是否被占用rootlocalhostconf#netstat-an|grep:80查看apache启动服务是否启动rootlocalhostbin#ps-aux|grephttpdWarning:badsyntax,perhapsabogus-?See/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.7/FAQroot28660.01.2251649556?Ss22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28670.00.7253005556?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28680.00.6253005444?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28690.00.6253005444?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28700.00.7253005556?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28710.00.6251644796?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28720.00.6251644796?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28730.00.6251644796?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartapache28740.00.6251644796?S22:450:00/usr/sbin/httpd-kstartroot31410.00.04244676pts/1R+22:480:00grephttpd下面访问一下apache默认页是否能打开。http:/ip:80/index.html又提示了错误：难道是端口被占用了？修改apache的配置文件/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf配置文件rootlocalhostconfvihttpd.conf找到下面一行：Listen80把80改成其它端口，如8080、8800只要没被占用就行。找到下面一行：ServerN:80改成本机ip加端口号，如：05:80端口改来改去，一直都报那个错误。由于之前没有在linux下安装apache的经验，与是想找一下apache默认运行的哪个页面。于是，找到了，./apache/htdocs/index.html文件（受tomcat的误导）！其实不然，真正运行的是/var/www/html目录下的文件Youdonthavepermissiontoaccess/index.htmlonthisserver真正的错误在这句提示上。因为我方位的文件权限不足够。那给文件加个权限吧！在/var/www/html创建个文件index.htmlrootlocalhosthtml#chmod766index.htmlOk!再来方位apache，页面正常打开了！过程很纠结，结局很美好！-小结-需要安装的文件：apr-1.4.6apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2pcre-8.30.zip/usr/local/apacheapache的安装目录/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf配置文件/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectlstop/start停止/启动程序/var/www/html/在这个文件夹下创建可以访问的页面系统：CentOS6.2服务器：Httpd2.2.21卸载系统自带的httpd:rpm -qa|grep httpdrpm -ehttpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos -nodepsrpm -ehttpd-tools安装过程：下载httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz tar zxvfhttpd-2.2.21.tar.gz cdhttpd-2.2.21./configure -prefix=/usr/apache -sysconfdir=/etc/httpd -enable-so -enable-modules-shared=all -with-mpm=workermakemake install说明：-with-mpm=worker 指定apache的进程模型为worker，默认情况下，进程模型为prefork，改为worker后会改善apache的性能；安装目录可以自己指定；安装过程如果出错的话，自己解决吧 这是基本功启动停止:/usr/apache/bin/apachectl start/usr/apache/bin/apachectl stop检查配置错误：/usr/apache/apachectl -t/usr/apache/apachectl configtest目录说明： bin目录是apache执行文件的目录 cgi-bin是cgi网页程序存放的