Chapter five Summarizing 摘要写作.ppt

Chapter5Summarizing summarydefinition thegistormainthemeofapieceofwritingexpressedinasfewwordsaspossiblerequirements clear brief andcomplete withalltheessentialpointsincluded sothatthegeneraleffectoftheoriginalisachieved Focus1UsesofSummary WritingSummarywritingenablespeopletogetmoreoutoftheirreading Why forcingustopayattentiontowhatweread fornoonecanwriteasummaryofanypieceofwritingunlesshehasclearlygraspeditsmeaning Sosummarizingisexcellenttraining Itmakesusreadwiththemindaswellastheeye 2 Summary writingisalsoaverygoodexercise Itteachesustoexpressthoughtsclearly conciselyandeffectively Why Sincewearerequiredtoexpressthemaininformationinasfewwordsaspossible wemustlearntochooseourwordsandconstructoursentencescarefullyandtowriteinstrictlylogicalorder 3 Summary writinghasgreatpracticalvalue Why Theability tograspquicklyandaccuratelywhatisreadorheardandtoreproduceitbriefly clearlyandconcisely isofgreatimportance particularlytolawyers scholars businessmen andgovernmentofficials Focus2ProcedureWhat Reading1 Wefirstreadthroughtheoriginalcarefully butnottooslowly togetaclearideaofitsgeneralmeaning 2 Wearerequiredtosupplyatitleforoursummary Thinkofsomeword phraseorshortsentencethatwillsumupbrieflythesubjectofthepieceofwriting 3 Furtherreadingisnownecessarytoensurethatweunderstandthedetailsofthepieceofwritingaswellasitsmainidea 4 Whenwehaveaclearandcorrectideaofthesubjectormainthemeofthepiece wecandecidewhichpartsareessentialandwhichpartscanbeomitted 5 Wejotdownthesubject thetitle andthedetailswhichwewillincludeinthesummaryandarenowreadytowritethesummary 2 WritingWeshouldbesureoftheworldlimitrequired Summarywritingisanexerciseincompression Waystoreducethelength discussion Omitthedetails Onlytheimportantpointsshouldbeincludedinthesummary allthedetailsthatexplainthemainpointscanbeleftout Reducetheexamples Outoffiveorsixexamplesgivenintheoriginalpassageoneortwomaybechosenforthesummary therestaretobeomitted Simplifythedescriptions Ifinthepassagetherearetensentencesdescribingapersonoranobject itwillbeenoughtokeeponeortwointhesummary Eliminateallrepetitions Sometimesastatementisrepeatedforemphasis Thisisnotnecessaryinasummary Compresswordysentencesandchangephrasestowordse g Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion like Hewasverybraveinbattle Theaccountthewitnessgaveoftheincidentmadeeveryonethathearditlaugh Thewitness sstorywasabsurd Johnfellintotheriverand beforehelpcouldreachhim hesank Johnwasdrownedintheriver Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor Hewasinfinancialdifficulties Makephrasesdotheworkofclausesorsentencese g BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai LushanMountain andYellowMountain werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast Today betterwages holidayswithpay newhotelsonthosemountains andbettertrainandbusservices havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago 53words BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople aretodayaccessibletomany thankstobetterwages paidholidays newhotelsandbettercommunication 28words Usegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwords e g ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek andsometextbooks Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation Usetheshortestpossibletransitions but then thus yet for atthesametime ontheotherhandsemi colonusedtoreplaceatransitionalwordorphrase Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech 2 Weshoulduseourownwordstowriteasummary 3 Weshouldconveythemessagefullyandclearlysothatthereaderdoesnotneedtorefertotheoriginal 3 RevisionHow 1 carefullycompareitwiththeoriginalandseetoitthatwehavenotomittedanyimportantpointthatitreadswellasaconnectedwhole 2 correctmistakesinspelling punctuation grammarandidiom3 crossoutunnecessarywordstokeepthelengthofthesummarywithinthelimitsrequired4 writeoutthefaircopyneatly underthetitlechosen P122sample1Task1 2 3Practice groupwork Readthearticlegiven Makeasummaryinnotmorethan85words Myneighbour schildrenloveplayinghide and seekasallchildrendo butnooneexpectedthatagametheyplayedlastweekwouldbereportedinthelocalnewspaper Oneafternoon theywereplayinginthestreetjustoutsidethepost office YoungIan whoisonlyfiveyearsold foundtheperfectplacetohide Hissister Janet hadshuthereyesandwascountinguptenwhenIannoticedthatthesmallmetaldooroftheletter boxhadbeenleftopen Thepostmanhadjusttakenallthelettersoutandhadgoneintothepostofficetoseeiftherewereanyparcels Ianclimbedintotheletter boxandpulledthedoorfromtheinsidesohardthatitlocked Soonrealizingwhathehaddone hebecameveryfrightenedandstartedcrying Meanwhile Janetwaslookingforhimeverywherebutcouldn tfindhim Itwasluckyshehappenedtostopoutsidetheletter boxandheardherbrother scries Sheimmediatelyrantotellthepostman whohurriedouttounlockthemetaldoor Ianwasnowfree buthehadsuchabadfrightthathecouldnotstopcrying Thepostman however soonfoundawayofmakinghimlaughagain Hetoldhimthatnexttimehewantedtohideinaletter box heshouldremembertostickastamponhimself SummaryOneafternoonmyneighbor schildrenwereplayinghide and seekoutsidethepostoffice Findingthattheletter boxhadbeenleftopen y