Lesson Nine (同学讲义).doc

Lesson NineThe Most Dangerous Game语言要点1单词to brighten, stamina, stake, to sip, businesslike, deplorable, clear-headed, to snap, to plunge, to spur, flight, futile, inevitably, rude, to execute, intricate, lore, dodge, crotch, zealous, deliberately, uncanny, precariously, intent, stalk, agility, to dress, savagely, to wrench, viciously, to plant, mark, lean, leash, springy, to hit, to tumble, dead, to regard, expanse, hoarse, to furnish, repast2短语to raise ones eyebrows, to rest with, to keep/hold ones nerve, to get/take a grip on oneself, to take stock of, to strike off, after a fashion, to press on/ahead, to dig in, to give way, to strain ones eyes/ears, to make out, at bay3典型句式不定冠词+名词+of +不定冠词+名词，so +形容词+不定冠词+名词+as，sth. comes to sb.重点句型和词语解析1. The Most Dangerous Game. the titlegame: n. wild animals, birds, and fish that are hunted for food, esp. as a sport 猎物For example: a head of game 一头猎物The jungle abounds with wild game. 热带丛林里有很多野兽出没。2. The general raised his eyebrows. Para. 2raise ones eyebrows: to show surprise, doubt, disapproval etc. by moving ones eyebrows upwards 扬起眉毛（表示惊讶、怀疑、不赞同等）For example: Eyebrows were raised at the couples surprising arrest. 3. General Zaroffs face suddenly brightened. Para. 3brighten (up): vi. to become happier or more excited 变得欢快For example: 我们开始谈到钱时，他的眼睛为之一亮。Her face brightened up as she read her boyfriends email. 4. The choice rests entirely with you. Para. 6rest with: if a decision or responsibility rests with sb., they have the duty or authority to take that decision or responsibility 是的责任；由决定For example: Now it rests with the medical committee to make the decision. 5. He nodded toward the corner to where the giant stood, his thick arms crossed on his hogshead of a chest. Para. 7句子结构分析：句中“where the giant stood”是名词从句，做介词“to”的宾语。独立结构“his thick arms crossed on his hogshead of a chest”修饰“stood”，起解释说明作用。“His hogshead of a chest”可以理解为“his chest was as big and thick as a barrel”。典型句式 “a hogshead of a chest”: 在“不定冠词+名词+of +不定冠词+名词”这一结构中，第一个单数名词相当于一个形容词，修饰第二个名词。注意第一个不定冠词可以用物主代词、指示代词(his/her)替换，但是第二个则不能。For example:He lived a poem of a life. 他过着诗一般的生活。I dont think your tyrant of a father will allow you to come back after midnight. 我想你那专制的父亲不会允许你半夜三更回家。6. Your brain against mine. Your woodcraft against mine. Your strength and stamina against mine. Para. 11woodcraft: n. knowledge of forests and how to live in them by building camps, finding food, etc. 丛林生活能力stamina: n. physical or mental strength that lets you continue doing sth. for a long time without getting tired; endurance, power to persist or persevere 体力，耐力，毅力For example:I no longer have the stamina to work all night. You need stamina to be a long-distance runner. 做长跑运动员，你得有耐力。7. Outdoor chess! And the stake is not without value, eh? Para. 11Outdoor chess! 意为：It is just like outdoor chess! ；而双重否定“not without value”具有加强语气的作用。stake: n. an amount of money that you risk losing when you try to guess the result of a race or competition 赌注，输赢For example: 他好赌，但赌注都很小。8. He sipped his wine, and then in a businesslike air, he went on. Para. 13sip: vi./vt. to drink in small amounts 小口地喝For example: 她已经坐在酒吧中，小口喝着咖啡。He poured himself a glass of wine and sipped at it with pleasure. 关于酒的词汇扩充：( drink既指酒类，也指其它饮料，指其它饮料时前面应加soft-；hard drink则指酒类，相当于alcohol或strong drink(烧酒)。 liquor是指经过蒸馏而酿成的酒，英式：酒精类饮料；美式：烈性酒。spirits主要指酒精含量很高的烈性酒。如：Whisky(威士忌)，brandy(白兰地)等。wine是指果汁经发酵而制成的酒，多指葡萄酒。如white wine，red wine等。 在酒类中，啤酒的销量是最大的。在西方国家，啤酒几乎成了日常的“茶”。英语关于啤酒的说法较多，常见的有ale，beer，lager（淡啤酒），malt（麦芽酒），liquor， stout等。 ale是淡色啤酒，劲头比beer大。beer是麦芽制的酒，与malt的意思差不多，但前者更通用。lager是一种窖藏淡啤酒。stout是黑啤酒。)businesslike: adj. serious and effective in the way you deal with things; efficient 有条不紊的；效率高的；严肃认真的For example: He approaches the issue in a businesslike way. 9. The deplorable part of it was the Lazarus followed him. Para. 13deplorable: adj. fml. very bad, unpleasant, and shocking; disgraceful 极糟的；可悲的For example:The orphans were living in most deplorable conditions. 10. “I must keep my nerve. I must keep my nerve,” he said through tight teeth. Para. 15keep/hold ones nerve: to be able to remain calm and think clearly in a difficult situation 保持镇定For example: He kept his nerve under very trying circumstances. 他在非常艰难的情况下保持镇定。注 该词组的反义词组“lose ones nerve”（失去镇定）更常见。11. He had not been entirely clear-headed when the chateau gates snapped shut behind him. Para. 16clear-headed: adj. able to think in a sensible and calm way; not confused 头脑清醒的；理智的For example:Though very seriously ill, she was clear-headed enough to give instructions. snap: vi./vt. to quickly move sth., for example, a light switch or sth. else that makes a short sound, or to be moved quickly in this way （使）发出脆裂声For example:The policeman snapped the handcuffs around her wrist. He took his gold watch out of his waistcoat pocket and snapped it open. 他从马甲口袋里掏出金表啪地打开。12. He had plunged along, spurred on by a sharp feeling of panic. Para. 16plunge: vi. to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards 猛地向前（或向下）冲For example: His car had plunged off the mountain road in heavy rain. Both the climbers had plunged to their deaths. 两名登山者都跌落丧生。spur (on): vt. to encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. 鼓励；刺激固定搭配：be spurred (on) to do sth.For example: The coach spurred the team to greater efforts. His misfortunes spurred him on to write. 13. But now he had got a grip on himself, had stopped, and was taking stock of himself and the situation. Para. 16get/take a grip on oneself: to make an effort to control ones emotions or behavior 控制自己For example: Stop being hysterical and get a grip on yourself! take stock of: to spend some time thinking about the situation you are in before you decide what to do next 了解、判断、估量（形势等）It was time to stand back and take stock of his career.14. He saw that straight flight was futile; inevitably it would bring him face to face with the sea. Para. 17flight: n. the act of running away or trying to escape from sb. or sth. 逃跑For example: Suddenly the herd of antelope took (to) flight. The government troops put the rebels to flight. inevitably: adv. used for saying that sth. is certain to happen and cannot be avoided; undoubtedly 不可避免地，必然地；确定无疑地For example:Inevitably, reports of the failure were soon appearing in the newspapers. 15. “Ill give him a trail to follow,” muttered Rainsford, and he struck off from the rude paths he had been following into the trackless wilderness. Para. 18strike off: to go in a particular direction in a way that shows energy or determination 朝某一方向行进For example: They struck off across the desert without supplies. rude: adj. lit. made or designed in a simple basic way; crude 粗糙的，简陋的，简朴的For example: a rude hut 简陋的小屋16. He executed a series of intricate loops; he doubled on his trail again and again, recalling all the lore of the fox hunt, and all the dodges of the fox. Para. 18execute: vt. fml. to perform a difficult action or movement 做；完成For example: The skaters routine was perfectly executed. intricate: adj. very complicated and difficult to understand or learn 纷乱的，错综复杂的For example: 他的小说以错综复杂的情节著名。lore: n. knowledge or information about a subject, for example nature or magic, that is not written down but is passed from person to person （口头传下来的）知识，学问；传说For example: He certainly had no intention of allowing the old lore concerning medical herbs to die out.dodge: n. tricks or ways used to avoid being caught 躲闪技巧For example: He keeps his money overseas as a tax dodge. 17. Night found him legweary, with hands and face lashed by the branches, on a thickly wooded ridge. Para. 18句子结构分析：此句前半部分可以理解为：When night fell, he was too tired to walk。“with”引导的介词短语做“him”的补足语。注意此句使用了非人称主语，这是英语中一种独特的现象。如：The carpet killed his footsteps. 他走在地毯上，没有脚步声。Business took him to London every week. 他每周去伦敦出差。thickly wooded: if an area is thickly wooded, there are a lot of trees there close together 林木茂密的ridge: n. a long area of high land, esp. at the top of a mountain 山脊18. A big tree with a thick trunk and outspread branches was near by, and, taking care to leave not the slightest mark, he climbed up into the crotch, and, stretching out on one of the broad limbs, after a fashion, rested. Para. 18句子结构分析：此句中，两个现在分词短语“taking care to leave not the slightest mark”和“stretching out on one of the broad limbs”分别做“climbed up into the crotch”和“rested”的方式状语。crotch: n. a forked place, as where a tree trunk divides into two branches （树的）丫杈，枝杈after a fashion: not very much, not very well, or not very effectively 勉强凑合，马马虎虎For example: 她钢琴弹得马马虎虎。19. Even so zealous a hunter as General Zaroff could not trace him there, he told himself; Para. 18句子分析：此句意为：Even a fanatic hunter such as General Zaroff could not follow him there, he told himself.典型句式 so +形容词+不定冠词+名词+as 意为“如此的一个”，相当于such +不定冠词+形容词+名词+asFor example: I have never met so greedy a lawyer as him. 我从未遇到过他这么贪婪的律师。zealous: adj. fml. extremely enthusiastic about sth. 热心的，热情的；积极的For example: a zealous preacher 热心的传道士没谁比内尔更积极地支持这一提议。20. Very deliberately he blew a smoke ring into the air, and then turned and walked carelessly away. Para. 21deliberately: adv. done or said in a slow careful way （言行）不慌不忙地，慢条斯理地For example: With this, he stood up and left deliberately. 说完这句话，他站起身不慌不忙地走了。21. The general could follow a trail through the woods at night; he could follow an extremely difficult trail; he must have uncanny powers; only by the merest chance had the Cossack failed to see his quarry. Para. 22句子结构分析：句中“only by the merest chance had the Cossack failed to see his quarry”是倒装句。“only”修饰状语置于句首时，句子须部分倒装。uncanny: adj. strange and mysterious 奇怪的，神秘的，不寻常的For example: 他准确预测出了每次比赛的胜利者，真叫人匪夷所思。22. Three hundred yards away he stopped where a huge dead tree leaned precariously on a smaller, living one. Para. 26precariously: adv. not in a safe way or position and likely to fall 不牢靠地，不稳定地For example: The gigantic steel beams rested precariously, one on top of the other. 23. Following the trail with the sureness of a bloodhound came the general. Para. 27句子结构分析：这是一个倒装句，现在分词短语置于句首，主语是“the general”，谓语动词是“came”。24. So intent was the Cossack on his stalking that he was upon the thing Rainsford had made before he saw it. Para. 27intent: adj. concentrating hard on sth. 专心的For example: He was so intent on his bodybuilding magazine that he didnt notice me come in. stalk: vt. to follow a person or animal quietly in order to catch and attack or kill them 悄悄地跟踪，尾随For example: a tiger stalking its prey 一只悄悄跟踪猎物的老虎He had continued stalking her despite a warning from the police. 25. He sensed the danger and leaped back with the agility of an ape. Para. 27agility: n. the ability to move quickly and easily 灵活，敏捷For example: With surprising agility, Karl darted across the road. 26. Im going now to have my wound dressed. Para. 28dress: vt. to clean, treat, and cover a wound 包扎For example: Clean the area thoroughly before dressing the wound. 27. Dusk came, then darkness, and still he pressed on. Para. 29press on/ahead: to continue doing sth., esp. working, in a determined way 奋进，（不顾苦难）继续进行For example: Well talk about your suggestion later; now lets just press on. They pressed ahead with the plan regardless of objections. 28. The ground grew softer; the vegetation denser; and insects bit him savagely. Para. 29句子结构分析：句中“the vegetation denser”因与前句结构相同，省略了系动词grew。vegetation: n. fml. plants and trees 植物，植被For example: 这种植被常见于热带地区。savagely: adv. violently and severely 凶猛地，猛烈地For example: He was savagely attacked and beaten. 29. He tried to wrench it back, but the muck sucked viciously at his foot as if it were a giant leech. Para. 29wrench: vi./vt. to twist and pull sth. roughly from the place where it is being held 猛扭，猛拧For example: He wrenched the door open. 他拧动把手，打开了门。The guard wrenched the knife from the attackers hands. viciously: adv. cruelly or fiercely 凶残地，猛烈地For example:这只狗凶猛地攻击邮递员。30. He had dug himself in in France when a seconds delay meant death. Para. 30dig in: if soldiers dig in or dig themselves in, they dig trenches where they can wait for an attack 挖洞躲藏，挖壕据守For example: The troops dug in along the defensive line.31. These he planted in the bottom of the pit with the points sticking up. Para. 30句子结构分析：代词“these”置于句首，与上文的“stakes”保持连贯。plant: vt. infml. to put sth. firmly in or on sth. else 牢牢安置，重重放置For example: He came up to her and planted a kiss on her cheek. 他走上前在她脸上重重地亲了一口。Henry planted himself in the seat next to me. 亨利一屁股坐在我旁边的座位上。32. Then he felt an impulse to cry out with joy, for he heard the sharp scream of pain as the cover of the pit gave way and the pointed stakes found their mark. Para. 31give way: to break because of too much weight or pressure 断裂，崩塌For example:The bridge threatened to give way as the floodwaters rose. mark: n. the place that you try to hit 目标，靶For example: His third shot found its mark. The bullet missed its mark, embedding itself in a tree.33. At daybreak Rainsford was awakened by a sound that made him know that he had new things to learn about fear. Para. 36句子分析：此句意为：At dawn Rainsford was awakened by the baying of the hounds that made him even more terrified than before.34. An idea that held a wild chance came to him and, tightening his belt, he headed away from the swamp. Para. 34典型句式 sth. comes to sb.: 某人想起或记起For example:The idea came to me while I was on vacation. 我是在度假的时候想到这个主意的。Her name will come to me in a minute. 一会儿我就能记起她的名字。It came to her that it was foolish to expect him to help. 她认识到指望他帮忙是愚蠢的。35. Straining his eyes, he saw the lean figure of the general; just ahead of him he made out another figure; it was the giant Ivan; Rainsford knew that he must be holding the pack in leash. Para. 35strain ones eyes/ears: to try very hard to see or hear sth. 使劲看（或听）For example:他竖起耳朵，但是什么声音也没听到。lean: adj. thin and looking physically fit and healthy 瘦的，结实的，精干的For example: He was lean, tall, and muscular. make out: to see, hear, or understand sb. or sth. with difficulty （吃力地）看到，听到，理解For example: 我听不清警官在说什么。我搞不懂自己做了什么把她惹恼了。leash: n. a piece of rope, leather etc. fastened to a dogs collar in order to control it; lead 拴狗颈的皮带（绳子、链条等）For example:All dogs must be kept on a leash / in leash while on the beaches. 沙滩上所有狗都必须用链子牵着。36. He caught hold of a springy young sapling and to it he fastened his hunting knife, with the blade pointed down the trail; with a bit of wild grapevine he tied back the sapling. Para. 36句子结构分析：本句中，为了前后文连贯，介词短语“to it”提前；独立结构“with the blade pointed down the trail”起补充说明作用。springy: adj. sth. that is springy quickly returns to its shape after you press it or walk on it 有弹性的For example:a springy mattress 有弹性的床垫I took off my shoes and felt the springy grass beneath my bare feet. 37. The hounds raised their voices as they hit the fresh scent. Para. 36句子分析：此句意为：The dogs barked even more violently as they suddenly smelled their prey Rainsford again.38. Rainsford had hardly tumbled to the ground when the pack took up the cry again. Para. 38tumble: vi. to fall down quickly and suddenly, esp. with a rolling movement 摔下，滚下，掉下For example:他失去平衡从自行车上摔了下来。39. A blue gap showed between the trees dead ahead. Para. 38此句意为：Rainsford had a glimpse of the sea between the trees straight ahead.dead: adv. directly or exactly 恰好，正好For example: 公共汽车非常准时地到达。我可以看到正前方的加油站。40. For some minutes he sto