Moudule3Unit1语言点学案教师版.doc

学案：Language points of Module3 Unit 1 The world of our senses Part I Welcome to the unit 1. sense(1)n.C感官，官能She lost her sense of hearing early in life. 她早年就失去了听觉。(2)n.C(单词短语、句子等的)意义，含义a word with several senses 有几个意思的词(3)n.C(对某物的)感觉(多用作单数，后跟of短语或that从句)When you touch ice, you have a sense of coldness. 当你触摸冰时，会有冷的感觉。He suddenly had a sense that someone was standing behind him. 突然他有一种有人站在他背后的感觉。(4)n.U(尤指对具体事物的)判断力，辨别力Now you are talking sense. 现在你说的还合情理。She has no sense of time/direction. 她没有时间观念/方向感。(5)n.C理智，神智(常用复数)The fresh air made her come to her senses again. 新鲜的空气使她又清醒过来。(6)vt察觉，感觉到，意识到(后跟名词代词或从句)The horse sensed danger and stopped. 那匹马意识到有危险，停了下来。She sensed what her teacher was thinking. 她感觉到了她的老师在想什么。拓展：sensibility n. U；C感受力，敏感，意识 sensible adj感觉得到的，察觉的，明智的，合情合理的(常接of) sensitive adj敏感的，感觉敏锐的(常接to) senseless adj无知觉的，无意义的，愚蠢的come to ones senses 醒过来，醒悟过来 make sense讲得通，有意义in asome sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不 take sense 讲得有理 2. If you hold your nose when you eat, your sense of taste will not work as well.如果你在吃饭时捏住你的鼻子，你的味觉就不如不捏住鼻子的时候好。(1)这是一个省略句。句中所用的句型是比较句型，as well后面省略了“as+比较的对象”=as it does if you do not hold your nose when you eat 。as well在此类情景中可以理解为“同样地，和前者一样地”。将省略的部分添补完整并译成汉语:You can do it, but I cannot do it as well. 这事儿你能做，而我就做不了你那么好。(省略了as you do)I can write as well with my left hand.我用左手也可以写得一样好。(省略了as I can write with my right hand)(2)其他一些副词也可以像well一样，有类似的用法。I cannot see as clearly without glasses. 不戴眼镜，我就看不了那么清楚。(省略了as I see with glasses )3. Blind people can read by touching letters in raised dots called Braille.盲人可以通过触摸被称为布莱叶盲文的凸起圆点式字母阅读。(1)句中by是介词，后面接名词、代词或v-ing形式，表示方式，意为“通过，凭借，乘，靠”。Its not fair to judge people by their appearance. 以貌取人是不公平的。They put out the fire by pouring water on it. 他们泼水救火。She earns her living by selling books. 她靠卖书为生。(2)letters in raised dots表示“以凸；起的圆点形成的字母”，其中介词in意为“以，用”，表示方式，常指以某种语言、文字、符号等形式。They are talking in English. 他们正在用英语交谈。Some e-mail English is written in abbreviations. 有些电子邮件英语是用缩写词写成的。(3)raised dots 意为“凸起的圆点”，raised是过去分词作定语。单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词之前。I have his written promise. 我有他的书面承诺。This was an unexpected development. 这是一个出人意料的新情况。(4)called Braille是一个过去分词短语，作定语修饰raised dots，表示“被称为布莱叶盲文的凸起的圆点”。过去分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰词的后面。Yesterday I got an e-mail written in code. 昨天我收到一封用密（代）码写成的电子邮件。4. Other people only need to hear something once or twice before they can remember it.另一些人只需要听到某物一两次就能记住它。before 此处译作“就”，另外它还有如下意思：(1)才： He had walked for a whole day before he found the water. 他走了一整天才找到水。(2)趁.未，以免：Write down the telephone number before you forget it. 趁你还没忘记，把电话号码写下来。(3)还没来得及：Before he could answer, hundreds of bricks fell on him and killed him. 他还没来得及回答，数百块砖落在他身上，把他砸死了。(4)在.前：He had learned some Chinese before he came to China. 在来中国之前，他已学过一些汉语。(5)用在It iswaswill be (not) + 一段时间 + before.句型中，意为“.才，.就”。It was three weeks before they arrived at the village. 三个星期后他们才到达那个村子。long before 很久以前before long 不久 5.词组记忆： 在我们日常生活中 in our daily lives相互影响 affect one another/each other 味觉ones sense of taste凸点 raised dots 手语 sign language建功立业 make great achievements（in）失去干的能力lose the ability to do sthPart II Reading1. When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. 波莉离开家的那天早晨，这座城市已笼罩在灰白色的雾气中。cover vt 遮盖，掩盖；占地(面积)；走过，行走(路程)；读完；采访；(钱)够用；包括，涵盖She covered her face with her hands. 她以手掩面。The Red Army covered 25,000 Li on the Long March. 红军长征时走了两万五千里。How many pages have you covered? 你已读了多少页了?Many journalists were sent to cover the medical conference. 许多记者被派去采访那次医学会议。Would $50 cover your expenses? 50美元购支付你的费用吗？拓展：be covered with 由所覆盖 cover up 掩饰，隐匿under (the) cover of 在.掩护下；以.为借口 from cover to cover 从头至尾under the same cover 在同一封信或同一邮包中2.step out into the fog =walk faster into the fog 加快脚步进入浓雾中3. wonder vt. (1) 对 感到疑惑，想要知道+ 疑问词引导的句子或不定式 (2) 礼貌地提问或请人做事时说 I wonder ifvi 对感到惊讶 （at/ about） n. (Its ) no wonder (that). 难怪I wonder what we will do next = I wonder what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。No wonder youre that/so tired, youve been walking for hours. 难怪你那么累，你一直走了好几个小时。4. Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. 一出来到大街上，她就很快地朝她平常等的汽车站走去。Once out in the street 相当于 Once she was out in the street 引导时间状语从句。在从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句可省略主语。例如：Once seen (see), it will never be forgotten.When brushing(brush) your teeth , dont leave water running all the time.First aid, if properly done (do), can save a persons life. I wont go to the party unless (I am) invited(invite).5. The truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.=The truth is that the fog is so thick that the bus cant run so far. 事实上是雾太浓了，车不能开那么远。 句中第一个that引导的是表语从句。例如：The reason he did not come is that he was ill. 他没来的原因是他病了。 第二个that (或this) 在此处等于so，意思是“那么”（或“这么”），修饰形容词或副词。例如： Can hard work change a person that much? 艰辛会使人变化那么大吗? You see, a fog this bad is rare.(Page3 Line53) 你听我说，这么糟糕的雾很少见。6. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.a. The doctor prescribed some pills and told her to get/have a weeks rest. n. 休息b. Parents rest their hope on their children. Vt 依靠；寄托c. Well eat some of the bread and keep the rest for breakfast. n.剩余的人，物再：The rest of his life was spent in prison. 他的余生在狱中度过。The rest of the books are on the shelf. 剩余的那些书在架子上。the rest 作主语时，谓语动词由of 后的名词(单、复数)决定7. in a dark coat表示“穿着黑色外套”。“in+服饰或颜色”可以表示人的穿戴。The man in a uniform is a detective. 穿制服的那个男的是一名侦探。Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗?8. The tall man was nowhere to be seen. 哪儿也看不到这个高个子男人了。to be seen是动词不定式的被动形式，在此作定语。通常不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，且动作的施动者不明确时，不定式要用被动语态。例如：The meeting to be held is of great importance. 明天要开的会很重要。These are the books to be distributed among the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。nowhere无处；任何地方都不。例如：The missing wallet is nowhere to be found. 丢失的钱包任何地方都找不着。Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet. 我们任何其他地方都找不到丢失的钱包。9. but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.By the time they get here, well _ have finished _ (finish) the work. By the time l got to the station，the train _ had _ already _ gone _(go).By the time I finished eating, he _ was _already _ asleep _(asleep).小结：by the time + 一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。by the time + 一般现在时从句，主句用将采完成时，表示主句动作将先发生。当主句的谓语有表状态的be动词时，主句通常不用完成时态。拓展：表示时间的短语可作为连词用的还有：every time，the instant，the moment，the day，the year，next time，the first (second，third.)time等以及副词immediately，instantly，directly等。10. Polly set off towards Park Street. 波莉向花园街走去。set off 动身，出发(常与for连用)；引爆，使爆炸；引起，激发Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling. 股票市场上人心惶惶，_。set about doing sth开始着手做某事 set an example to _set out to do sth开始做某事 set aside 存储，留出set up _ set foot on_ set fire to 点燃，点火11她能感到由于害怕自己的心在砰砰乱跳。She could feel her heart beating with fear.with表示原因 如：冷得发抖shake with coldbeat v. 跳动；击打；拍打；打败 n.心跳节拍 过去式beat，过去分词 beaten Hes still aliveI can feel his heart beating（心跳）.Occasionally the master beat the desk (敲着桌子) with his heavy ruler as he cried,“Silence, please silence!”He beat me (赢了我)at chess.The rain is beating against the window (拍打着窗户).Cant you hear the beat of my heart (我的心跳) .辨析beat，strike与hitbeat 指连续击打，通常为有意的；strike 是常用词，较正式，用手或物击打，可轻可重，有意或无意；hit 为常用词，含“有力”的意思，常表示“击中”。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。John hit him on the nose. 约翰打中了他的鼻子。beat down 打倒 beat off 击退，打退 beat sb. to death 打死 12. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. 刚才她还盼望着能有人朝她这里走来。现在她想到的是跑掉，但是因为恐惧，她一动也不能动。和a minute before连用的时态是过去完成时, 如果是a minute ago则和一般过去时时态连用wish for 意思是盼望/期盼Its no use wishing for the impossible (期望不可能的事).hold vt. 使保持特定位置或状况 Hold your head up ( 抬起你的头来) for three minutes; it will help you relax. The man held the door open (让门敞开) as he noticed an old woman came up behind him. still (1)adj. 静止的，不动的Keep still while I fasten your shoe. 当我替你系鞋带时，你不要动。The sea was calm and still. 海上风平浪静。(2)adj. 寂静的，无声的The room was still at the end of the speech. 演讲结束时，室内一片寂静。辨析still, calm，quiet, 与silentstill 静止的，不动的，指没有运动或动作的状态；calm 平静的，沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动；quiet 宁静的，安静的，指没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼焦虑；silent 寂静的，沉默的，不发音的，指没有声音或不讲话。Tell the children to keep calm. 告诉孩子们沉着些。(指不慌张，冷静)She kept silent about the matter. 她对这件事保持沉默。(指什么也不说)Ask the boys to keep quiet. 让孩子们保持安静。(指不要吵闹)The officer asked the Swedish to keep still. 军官让那个瑞典人别动。(指不移动也不出声)13.watch out (for)(1)密切注意，留意留心Watch out for a chance to improve your position in the company, they dont come very often.要注意抓住提高你在公司地位的机会，这样的机会不多。Im always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.我总是警惕着过去可能没注意到的错误。(2) Watch out ! Theres a danger ahead. 小心!前面有危险。watch out (for) look out (for) Cf. look out of take care (of) be careful of14. I cant see your face, but you sound young. 我看不见你的脸，但你的声音听上去很年轻。sound n声音; vt.& vi. (使)发出声响；link-v听起来sound用作系动词时，后接形容词而非副词作表语。The bell is sounded every hour. 那个铃每小时响一次。That music sounds _ . 那音乐听起来很优美。辨析sound，voice与noisesound 指“声音”时，是普通用语，泛指大自然的一切声音。voice 指人发出的声音，尤指说话声；noise 指噪音，尤指嘈杂声。 15.It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when its sunny. 这给了我一个机会，我可以回报在晴天里人们所给与我的帮助了。配对下列词义pay for 付清；缴清 pay in 回报 pay off 负担支付的费用,为付出代价 pay sbout 存款pay up 偿还，还清pay back报复某人How can I pay you back for all your kindness? My husband cheated me but Ill find some way to pay h