初中英语常用短语精解五.doc

中学英语常用短语精解之五(1) to shake hands (2)to look out (3)to think of (4)to get back (5)to catch cold (6)to make up ones mind (7)to change ones mind (8)for the time being (9)to get over (10)to call off (11)for good (11)in a hurry1. to shake hands : (to exchange greetings with a clasp of the hand) 【说明：】to shake hands（握手）是西洋人见面时的礼节。Shake原意为摇动，因为握手时须将手上下摇动。注意这里的hand要用复数。如果在hand之前加上my, his, her 等字时，则hand用单数。他跟我握手有两种说法： He shook hands with me. He shook my hand. 【例：】(1) I introduced them and they shook hands. 我替他们介绍后，他们握握手。 (2) When two women meet for the first time, they do not usually shake hands. 两个女人初次见面时，通常她们是不握手的。 2.to look out : (to be careful) 【说明：】to look out（注意，留心）用于唤起别人注意，以提防危险。也可以作为留神以待解，如Will you go to the station and look out for Mr. Smith?（你可以到车站去等史密斯先生吗？） 【例：】(1) “Look out!” John cried as his friend almost stepped in front of the approaching car. 约翰在他的朋友几乎要碰到一部驶来的汽车时大叫，“当心”！ (2) Why did the drive tell Mary to look out as she was getting off the bus? 为什么当玛丽下公共汽车时司机要叫她小心呢？ 3.to think of : (to have an opinion about) 【说明：】to think of（作看法，认为）用以征询别人的意见。如What do you think of Hemingway?（你觉得海明威怎么样？）如表示意见则在think之后放much, highly, well等，作看重或重视解。至于think little (nothing) of 则作轻视或对满不在乎解，如He thought nothing of 30 miles a day. (他对每天三十里满不在乎。) 【例：】 (1) What did you think of that movie which you saw last night? 你觉得你昨晚看的那个电影怎么样？ (2) I dont think much of him as a baseball player. 我并不认为他是一个了不得的棒球队员。 4.to get back : (to return) 【说明：】to get back（回来）指回返原处而方，back为副词。如果说从什么地方回来， 后面用from；如果说回到什么地方，后面用to, 如I got back to my office, yesterday morning.(我昨天早晨回到我的办公室。)to get back也作取回解，如 I never lend books, its so difficult to get them back.（我从来不把书借给人；因为很难将它们取回。） 【例:】(1) Mr. Harris got back from Chicago last night. 海利斯先生昨晚从芝加哥回来。 (2) When do you expect to get back from your trip? 你预料何时旅行回来？ 5.to catch cold : (to become sick with a cold) 【说明：】to catch cold（着凉，伤风）指感冒风寒而言，与to take cold同议。这儿的cold系名词，作感冒解。Cold 的前面也可以加不定冠词。To have a cold = to have caught a cold, 意谓伤风了。 【例：】(1) If you go out in this rain, you will surely catch cold. 如果你在雨中外出，你一定会伤风。 (2) How did she ever catch cold in such warm weather? 这样温暖的天气，她怎么会着凉的呢？ 6.to make up ones mind : (to decide) 【说明：】to make up ones mind（决心，决意，打定主意）后面通常要跟一个不定词，用以表示所决定的事。 【例：】(1) William has made up his mind not to go to college this year. 威廉已决意今年不进大学。 (2) Have you made up your mind yet as to where you are going to spend your vacation? 你已决定到哪里去渡假吗？ 7.to change ones mind : (to alter ones decision or opinion) 【说明：】to change ones mind（改变主意）指改变一个人的决定或主张而言。Change 可改用alter. 【例：】(1) We have changed our minds and are going to Canada instead of to California on our vacation. 我们已改变主意，到加拿大去渡假而不到加利福尼亚去了。 (2) John has changed his mind at least three times in this matter. 约翰对这件事至少已经改变了三次主意了。 8.for the time being : (for the present, temporarily) 【说明：】for the time being（目前，暂时）作副词用。 【例：】(1) For the time being Helen is working in the export department. 现在海伦在出口部工作。 (2) We are living in a hotel for the time being, but later we will try to find a small apartment. 我们暂时住在一家旅馆里，但是我们想以后要设法找一家小公寓。 9.to get over : (to recover from) 【说明：】to get over（恢复，克服）专指病后或受伤后复元而言，决不可用以表示收复失土城池等。 【例：】(1) It took me more than a month to get over my cold. 我的感冒拖延了一个多月才复元。 (2) I do not think he will ever get over the loss of his wife. 我不以为他能克服丧偶之痛。 10.to call off : (to cancel) 【说明：】to call off（取消，宣告终止）专指取消既定的计划或合同等。 【例：】(1) The game was called off on account of darkness. 由于天黑，比赛已经取消了。 (2) The doctor had to call off all his appointments for the day and rush to the hospital. 这位医生不得不取消所的有约会，而赶到医院里去。 11.for good : (permanently, forever) 【说明：】for good（永久，永远）为副词片语，也可以用for good and all。 【例：】(1) Ruth has gone back to California for good. She will not return to the East. 鲁斯已回加利福尼亚作久居之计，她不会再回到东部来了。 (2) Has your friend returned to South America for good? 你的朋友已回南美，一去就不再来了吗？ 12.in a hurry : (hurried, in a rush) 【说明：】in a hurry（急忙，慌忙）为介系词成语，于上列二例句中均用作形容词。在口语中又可作容易（easily）或乐意(willingly)解，如 You wont find a better specimen than that in a hurry. （你将不容易找到比那个还要