Oracle数据库备份与恢复用户手册.doc

Oracle数据库备份与恢复用户手册目录1安装oracle 客户机软件22安装oracle数据库agent23备份oracle数据库33.1更改归档模式33.2连接数据库43.3确认RMAN的备份方式43.4修改备份脚本（这部分是在装有oracle数据库的client端操作）43.4.1在修改脚本之前应该收集关于oracle数据库的信息53.4.2现在我们来修改备份数据库的脚本63.5添加备份策略134恢复数据库134.1oracle全库恢复134.2oracle表空间恢复141 安装oracle 客户机软件1. 将 NetBackup CD-ROM 插入到客户计算机的驱动器中。2. 将工作目录切换到 CD-ROM 目录：cd cd_rom_directory其中 cd_rom_directory 是 CD-ROM 的目录路径。在某些平台上，可能需要安装该目录。3. 启动安装程序。./install4. 选择选项 2 NetBackup 客户机软件。5. 按照提示完成安装。2 安装oracle数据库agent1. 作为机器上的 root 用户登录。2. 将 CD-ROM 插入驱动器中。3. 将工作目录切换到 CD-ROM 目录。cd /CD_mount_point4. 通过执行 install 脚本装入并安装软件。注意要求在本地机器上运行的 NetBackup 版本级别（例如 5.0）与要安装的数据库代理程序版本级别相匹配。输入./installa. 选择“NetBackup 数据库代理软件”选项。将出现下面的提示：Do you want to do a local installation? (y/n) nb. 回答 y。您将看到一个菜单，菜单上显示 CD-ROM 上可用的所有数据库代理程序。c. 选择“NetBackup for Oracle”选项。d. 输入 q 退出选择选项。随即出现一个提示，询问列表是否正确。e. 回答 y。将发生下列操作： 版本文件、压缩 tar 文件和 install_dbext 脚本将被装入到目录install_path/netbackup/dbext 中。 install 脚本将自动执行 install_dbext 脚本。 如果接收客户机被配置为 HP-UX11.00、 HP-UX11.11、Solaris7、Solaris 8 或Solaris9、IRIX6.5、AIX4.3.3 或 AIX5 计算机，则将安装 NetBackup forOracle 的 32 位和 64 位两个版本。 如果 install_dbext 成功完成，则在目录install_path/netbackup/ext/ 中将出现一个版本文件，该文件包含所安装的 NetBackup for Oracle 的版本和安装时间戳。f. 输入 q 退出脚本。3 备份oracle数据库3.1 更改归档模式首先关闭数据库SQL shutdown immediate再将数据库启动到mount状态SQLstartup mount$ sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 15 10:05:00 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.SQL connect /as sysdbaConnected.SQL archive log list;Database log mode No Archive ModeAutomatic archival DisabledArchive destination /oracle/9i/dbs/archOldest online log sequence 112Current log sequence 114SQL create pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initSID.ora from spfile=$ORACLE_HOME /dbs/spfileSID.ora;File created.通过此命令将spfile的参数文件导出到pfile文件中，然后修改initSID.ora中；将以下三行的注释去掉(如果没有此三行则需添加)log_archive_start=true此句使自动归档生效log_archive_dest=/oracle/oradata/hndldb/archive此句指定了归档路径log_archive_format = %t_%s.arc 此句设定了归档日志文件的命名规则SQL shutdown immediate停止oracle数据库SQLcreate spfile=$ORACLE_HOME /dbs/spfilehndldb.ora from pfile=$ORACLE_HOME /dbs/inithndl.ora;File created.通过此命令将pfile的参数文件导回到spfile文件中；SQL startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 186089336 bytesFixed Size 741240 bytesVariable Size 150994944 bytesDatabase Buffers 33554432 bytesRedo Buffers 798720 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL alter database archivelog;Database altered.SQL archive log start;Statement processed.SQL alter database open;Database altered.SQL archive log list; Database log mode Archive ModeAutomatic archival EnabledArchive destination /oracle/oradata/hndldb/archiveOldest online log sequence 112Next log sequence to archive 114Current log sequence 114SQL 3.2 连接数据库注意：在做此项操作前必须使用oracle用户，且数据库必须是shutdown 的。# su oracle$sqlplus “/ as sysdba”Shutdown immediate$cd /usr/openv/netbackup/bin$./oracle_link此操作完成后将数据库起来。3.3 确认RMAN的备份方式VERITAS的Oracle Agent是采用调用RMAN的备份语句来提取Oracle数据的，而RMAN的备份方式分为CATALOG和NOCATALOG两种，本项目采用NOCATALOG方式进行备份。3.4 修改备份脚本（这部分是在装有oracle数据库的client端操作）3.4.1 在修改脚本之前应该收集关于oracle数据库的信息在oracle用户下输入set就能得到我们所需要的一些信息（红色部分就是oracle home和实例名）sspro1 $setCLASS_PATH=/oracle/app/oracle/product/jlib:/oracle/app/oracle/JRE:/oracle/app/oracle/jlib:/oracle/app/oracle/network/jlibCOLUMNS=79EDITOR=viERASE=HERRNO=0FCEDIT=/usr/bin/edHOME=/oracleIFS=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/app/oracle/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/oracle/app/oracle/rdbms/libLINENO=1LINES=32LOGNAME=oracleMAILCHECK=600MANPATH=/usr/share/man/%L:/usr/share/man:/usr/contrib/man/%L:/usr/contrib/man:/usr/local/man/%L:/usr/local/man:/opt/graphics/common/man:/opt/ignite/share/man/%L:/opt/ignite/share/man:/opt/ipf/man:/opt/mx/share/man:/usr/dt/share/man:/opt/samba/man:/opt/resmon/share/man:/opt/sec_mgmt/share/man:/opt/gnome/man:/opt/openssl/man:/opt/openssl/prngd/man:/opt/wbem/share/man:/opt/perl/man:/opt/sec_mgmt/share/man/%L:/opt/ssh/share/man:/opt/VRTS/man:/opt/aCC/share/man/%L:/opt/aCC/share/man:/opt/ansic/share/man/%L:/opt/ansic/share/man:/opt/langtools/share/man/%L:/opt/langtools/share/man:/opt/caliper/man/%L:/opt/caliper/man:/opt/imake/manNLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBKOPTARGOPTIND=1ORACLE_BASE=/oracleORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracleORACLE_SID=ldtdataORACLE_TERM=hpORA_NLS33=/oracle/app/oracle/ocommon/nls/admin/dataPATH=/usr/bin:/opt/ansic/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/contrib/bin:/usr/contrib/Q4/bin:/opt/perl/bin:/opt/hparray/bin:/opt/nettladm/bin:/opt/fcms/bin:/usr/contrib/kwdb/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/opt/graphics/common/bin:/opt/upgrade/bin:/usr/contrib/bin/X11:/opt/ipf/bin:/opt/resmon/bin:/opt/ignite/bin:/opt/sec_mgmt/bastille/bin:/opt/gnome/bin:/opt/mozilla:/opt/wbem/bin:/opt/wbem/sbin:/opt/mx/bin:/opt/sec_mgmt/spc/bin:/opt/aCC/bin:/opt/caliper/bin:/opt/langtools/bin:.:/usr/cls/bin:/usr/lib:/usr/lbin:/usr/bin:/oracle/app/oracle/bin:/binPPID=10692PS1=sspro1 $PS2= PS3=#? PS4=+ PWD=/oracleRANDOM=22938SECONDS=25SHELL=/usr/bin/shSHLIB_PATH=/oracle/app/oracle/lib32:/oracle/app/oracle/rdbms/lib32TERM=ansiTMOUT=0TMPDIR=/tmpTZ=PST-8PDT_= / as sysdbasspro1 $3.4.2 现在我们来修改备份数据库的脚本该脚本的路径是usr/openv/netbackup/ext/de_ext/rman/hot_database_backup.sh以下的脚本中红色部分是需要被修改后的。Password:Please wait.checking for disk quotas(c)Copyright 1983-2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.(c)Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985-1993 The Regents of the Univ. of California(c)Copyright 1980, 1984, 1986 Novell, Inc.(c)Copyright 1986-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc.(c)Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology(c)Copyright 1989-1993 The Open Software Foundation, Inc.#!/bin/sh# $Header: hot_database_backup.sh,v 1.2 2002/08/06 23:51:42 $#bcpyrght#*#* $VRTScprght: Copyright 1993 - 2005 VERITAS Software Corporation, All RightsReserved $ *#*#ecpyrght# -# hot_database_backup.sh# -# This script uses Recovery Manager to take a hot (inconsistent) database# backup. A hot backup is inconsistent because portions of the database are# being modified and written to the disk while the backup is progressing.# You must run your database in ARCHIVELOG mode to make hot backups. It is# assumed that this script will be executed by user root. In order for RMAN# to work properly we switch user (su -) to the oracle dba account before# execution. If this script runs under a user account that has Oracle dba# privilege, it will be executed using this users account.# -# -# Determine the user which is executing this script.# -CUSER=id |cut -d( -f2 | cut -d ) -f1# -# Put output in .out. Change as desired.# Note: output directory requires write permission.# -RMAN_LOG_FILE=$0.out# -# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does# not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines.# -if -f $RMAN_LOG_FILE then rm -f $RMAN_LOG_FILEfi# -# Initialize the log file.# -echo $RMAN_LOG_FILEchmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE# -# Log the start of this script.# -echo Script $0 $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho = started on date = $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho $RMAN_LOG_FILE# -# Replace /db/oracle/product/ora81, below, with the Oracle home path.# -ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME# -# Replace ora81, below, with the Oracle SID of the target database.# -ORACLE_SID=ldtdataexport ORACLE_SID# -# Replace ora81, below, with the Oracle DBA user id (account).# -ORACLE_USER=oracle# -# Set the target connect string.# Replace sys/manager, below, with the target connect string.# -TARGET_CONNECT_STR=/# -# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.# -RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman# -# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.# -echo $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho RMAN: $RMAN $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME $RMAN_LOG_FILE# -# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.# -echo $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho NB_ORA_FULL: $NB_ORA_FULL $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho NB_ORA_INCR: $NB_ORA_INCR $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho NB_ORA_CINC: $NB_ORA_CINC $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho NB_ORA_SERV: $NB_ORA_SERV $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho NB_ORA_POLICY: $NB_ORA_POLICY $RMAN_LOG_FILE# -# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,# this would be the place to verify that.# -echo $RMAN_LOG_FILE# -# If this script is executed from a NetBackup schedule, NetBackup# sets an NB_ORA environment variable based on the schedule type.# The NB_ORA variable is then used to dynamically set BACKUP_TYPE# For example, when:# schedule type is BACKUP_TYPE is# - -# Automatic Full INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0# Automatic Differential Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1# Automatic Cumulative Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE# For user initiated backups, BACKUP_TYPE defaults to incremental# level 0 (full). To change the default for a user initiated# backup to incremental or incremental cumulative, uncomment# one of the following two lines.# BACKUP_TYPE=INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1# BACKUP_TYPE=INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE# Note that we use incremental level 0 to specify full backups.# That is because, although they are identical in content, only# the incremental level 0 backup can have incremental backups of# level 0 applied to it.# -if $NB_ORA_FULL = 1 then echo Full backup requested $RMAN_LOG_FILE BACKUP_TYPE=INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0elif $NB_ORA_INCR = 1 then echo Differential incremental backup requested $RMAN_LOG_FILE BACKUP_TYPE=INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1elif $NB_ORA_CINC = 1 then echo Cumulative incremental backup requested $RMAN_LOG_FILE BACKUP_TYPE=INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVEelif $BACKUP_TYPE = then echo Default - Full backup requested $RMAN_LOG_FILE BACKUP_TYPE=INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0fi# -# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup. This example does not use a# Recovery Catalog. If you choose to use one, replace the option nocatalog# from the rman command line below with the# rcvcat / statement.# Note: Any environment variables needed at run time by RMAN# must be set and exported within the switch user (su) command.# -# Backs up the whole database. This backup is part of the incremental# strategy (this means it can have incremental backups of levels 0# applied to it).# We do not need to explicitly request the control file to be included# in this backup, as it is automatically included each time file 1 of# the system tablespace is backed up (the inference: as it is a whole# database backup, file 1 of the system tablespace will be backed up,# hence the controlfile will also be included automatically).# Typically, a level 0 backup would be done at least once a week.# The scenario assumes:# o you are backing your database up to two tape drives# o you want each backup set to include a maximum of 5 files# o you wish to include offline datafiles, and read-only tablespaces,# in the backup# o you want the backup to continue if any files are inaccessible.# o you are not using a Recovery Catalog# o you are explicitly backing up the control file. Since you are# specifying nocatalog, the controlfile backup that occurs# automatically as the result of backing up the system file is# not sufficient; it will not contain records for the backup that# is currently in progress.# o you want to archive the current log, back up all the# archive logs using two channels, putting a maximum of 20 logs# in a backup set, and deleting them once the backup is complete.# Note that the format string is constructed to guarantee uniqueness and# to enhance NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore performance.# NOTE WHEN USING TNS ALIAS: When connecting to a database# using a TNS alias, you must use a send command or a parms operand to# specify environment variables. In other words, when accessing a database# through a listener, the environment variables set at the system level are not# visible when RMAN is running. For more information on the environment# variables, please refer to the NetBackup for Oracle Admin. Guide.# -CMD_STR=ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOMEexport ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SIDexport ORACLE_SID$RMAN target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR nocatalog msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append $RMAN_LOG_FILE RSTAT=$?else /usr/bin/sh -c $CMD_STR $RMAN_LOG_FILE RSTAT=$?fi# -# Log the completion of this script.# -if $RSTAT = 0 then LOGMSG=ended successfullyelse LOGMSG=ended in errorfiecho $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho Script $0 $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho = $LOGMSG on date = $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho $RMAN_LOG_FILEexit $RSTAT3.5 添加备份策略该步骤在Master Server上操作第