oracle备份方案(rman).doc

Oracle数据库备份1. 改数据库为归档模式。判断数据库是否处于归档模式：archive log list执行以下语句，改数据为归档模式。如果是oracle9i数据库alter system set log_archive_dest_1 =location=d:arc scope=spfile;alter system set log_archive_format=%s.arc scope=spfile;alter system set log_archive_start=true scope=spfile;shutdown immediate；startup mount；alter database archivelog;如果是oracle10Gshutdown immediate；startup mount；alter database archivelog;再次判断是否更改成功archive log list。进行全库备份。关闭数据库复制全部数据文件、控制文件、重做日志、归档日志、参数文件。2. 在异地创建RMAN目录库为目录创建一个单独的表空间 SQL Create tablespace rmanTP datafilermanTP size 50M;创建RMAN用户 SQL Create user RMAN identified by RMAN default tablespace rmanTP temporary tablespace temp; 给RMAN授予权限 SQLGrant connect , resource , recovery_catalog_owner to rman; 打开RMAN $RMAN 连接数据库 RMANconnect catalog rman/rman 创建恢复目录 RMANCreate catalog tablespace rmanTP 注册目标数据库。目标数据库就是需要备份的数据库，注册目标数据库的命令为： $RMANRMANconnect target sys/sysoralj;RMANconnect catalog rman/rman; RMANRegister database; 3. 备份策略A. 3个月做一次全备份数据库全备份的脚本 run allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup full tag dbfull format d:oraclebackupfull%T_%s_%p database include current controlfile; sql alter system archive log current; backup filesperset 3 format d:oraclebackuparchfull%T_%s_%p archivelog all delete input; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; B. 每月一次0级备份零级备份的脚本 run allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup incremental level 0 tag db0 format d:oraclebackup db0%T_%s_%p database skip readonly; sql alter system archive log current; backup filesperset 3 format d:oraclebackuparch%T_%s_%p archivelog all delete input; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; C. 每周做一次1级备份run allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup incremental level 1 tag db1 format d:oraclebackupdb1%T_%s_%p database skip readonly; sql alter system archive log current; backup filesperset 3 format d:oraclebackuparch1%T_%s_%p archivelog all delete input;release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; D. 每天做一次2级备份run allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup incremental level 2 tag db2 format d:oraclebackupdb2%T_%s_%p database skip readonly; sql alter system archive log current; backup filesperset 3 format d:oraclebackuparch2%T_%s_%p archivelog all delete input; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; 4. 自动备份数据库 自动备份数据库主要有以下两种方式： WINDOWS下的任务计划(At命令) ；UNIX下的Crontab 。他们的操作步骤如下： A. 生成脚本文件，如backup.bkup假定文件内容如下： connect target sys/sysoralj;connect catalog rman/rman;spool log to rman所在的本地目录run allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup full tag dbfull format d:oraclebackupfull%T_%s_%p database include current controlfile; sql alter system archive log current; backup filesperset 3 format d:oraclebackuparchfull%T_%s_%p archivelog all delete input; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; B. 生成执行文件 在windows上生成backup_archive.bat，内容包括 rman cmdfile = backup.bkup在unix下生成 backup_archive.sh，内容包括 /oracle/ramn/rman cmdfile = backup.rcv C. 加入调度 在windows中用任务计划向导即可，或使用at命令。 在unix中，在目标机器上编写一个文件，用以启动自动备份进程。假定文件名为OracleCron，文件将放在/var/spool/cron/crontabs目录下 $cat oracle 0 23 * * 0 backup_archive.sh *表示星期天23点对数据库备份 0 12,18 * * * backup_archive.sh*表示每天12点，18点备份Crontab文件的每一行由六个域(minutes，hours，day of month，month，day of week，command)组成，域之间用空格或Tab分隔开来5. RMAN备份维护A. 连接目标数据库Rman target sys/sysorarac B. 查看RMAN的信息 检查现有备份RMANlist backup 列出过期备份 RMANreport obsolete 删除过期的备份RMANdelete obsolete backupC. 同步或重置RMAN 如添加了一个数据文件，需要用如下命令同步： RMANresync catalog; 如果目标数据库r