初一时态讲解与练习题.doc

初一时态讲解：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时一般现在时1定义：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。2基本结构A.如果谓语动词是实义动词的结构 结构：肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: dont = do not doesnt =does not注意：have的第三人称单数为has 疑问句型谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助动词do或does构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do 用于第一人称和名词复数，does 用于第三人称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。 Do you know it？Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Does she have a pen？Yes, she does. / No, she hasnt.have 这里是实义动词 Do they play basketball after school? Yes, they do. / No, they dont.否定句型谓语动词是实义动词，是在谓语动词前加do not 或does not，谓语动词改用动词原型。 I dont have luch at home. Mr.Jimmy doesnt know French.They dont play basketball on the sports ground. 肯定式疑问式否定式否定疑问式I work.Do I work?I do not work.Do I not work?You work.Do you work?You do not work.Do you not work?We work.Do we work?We do not work.Do we not work?They work.Do they work?They do not work.Do they not work?He(She,It) works.Does he(she,it) work?He(She,It) does not work.Does he(she,it) not work?B如果谓语动词是be/情态动词的结构 结构:主语+be+其他 主语+情态动词+动词原形 1）be动词的第一人称单数为am，第三人称单数为is，其他人称为areBe动词顺口溜用法： 我用am ，你用 are ，is 用于他，她，它, 单数is，复数are.肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are (否) No,主语 + am /is/are not 缩写形式: Im = I am Thats =That is Were =We are Whats= What is Youre = You are Whos = Who is Theyre =They are Wheres =Where is Hes =He is Shes =She is Its = It is isnt=is not arent=are not 疑问句型1.对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、can/may 等，将这些词移到主语前面。 Are you students？Yes, we are. / No, we arent. Is Jane in the classroom? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. Is there any water in the glass? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 否定句型谓语动词或助动词是 be、can/may/ 等，在将助动词后加not. I am not at college. Mr. Wang isnt 50 years old. You may not go now. 2） 情态动词can/may的用法同be动词Eg: I can do my homework. She can see a picture.3. 动词的表达方法主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是： A 实义动词1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ，谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原型表示： We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。go My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。give 2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。 情况构成方法 读音例词一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ swim-swims；help-helps；以s,sh,ch,x，o等结尾的词 加 -es 读/iz/ Passes, finishes, teaches, goes以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再加es 读/z/study-studies 实义动词单数变法规则：写出下列动词的第三人称单数：study play go come help teach lie listen begin open sit wash guess cut run eat B 助动词 a. 基本助动词be (是) - am, is, are I 用am ；she/he/it, 名词单数都用 is ；we, you, they, 名词复数都用are b. 基本助动词 have (有) - have, has I, we, you, they, 名词复数都用have ；she/he/it is, 名词单数都用 has c. 基本助动词do-do does I, we, you, they, 名词复数都用do ；she/he/it is, 名词单数都用 doesd.情态助动词，不论单复数、不论什么人称都没有变化，都用 can, may 等。而且，句子中有了助动词，谓语动词就不需要有任何变化了，即用动词原形表示。 Lucy is at home now. 露茜现在在家。 We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。 Jack likes Chinese food very much. 杰克很喜欢中国饮食。 We can see some pictures on the wall. 我们能看到墙上的画。4 具体运用1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 一般现在时的时间状语有：usually,often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes（有时）, on Sundays/Mondays ,today, every day ( week, month, year,) , this year, once a week ( month, year,) 一周（月，年）一次every morning/night/evening/day/week,from time to time,twice a week 注意：行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词，用法：常见的频度副词有：often ,always,usually,never,sometimes等用于行为动词之前，be/助、情态动词之后.e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.I dont usually get up at 6 oclock . He often goes to school by bike. 2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g Shanghai lies in the east of China. Two and two are four.二加二等于四。 The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4.表示主语现在具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。She is a student. Tom can speak English.一般现在时态专项练习一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadridehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo二单项选择1._ you have a book ? A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV?_.A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesnt .C. Yes, hed like. D. No, he likes.3.She doesnt _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do4.How _ Mr. Smith _ to England? A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes5. _ she _ home at six every day?A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left6.I want_homework now. (A)doing (B)to do (C)to do my (D)do my7.Its time_. (A)go to school (B)play games (C)to go home (D)to do my homeworks8_you _the blackboard? Yes,I can. (A)Can, clean (B)Am, cleaning (C)Are, cleaning (D)Do, clean9_go and help her. A.Lets me B.Lets us C.Lets D.Lets to翰林汇10Do they have a new car? Yes,_. A.they are B.they have C.they dont D.they do11He often _ supper at 6:00 in the evening. A. have B. has c. is having D. is eating12. Its 6 oclock in the morning. Its time _. A. get up B. gets up C. to get up D. gets up13. We _ any Chinese classes on Friday. A. are having B. arent having C. dont have D. are have14. Tom _ an English class today. A. is having B. has C. having D. have15. Are you playing basketball? No, we _. A. isnt B. arent C. not D. dont 16. Where _ he _ from? A. is, come B. do, come C. does, come D. is , from17. What language do you _ ? A. say B. speak C. talk D. tell二、 用下列动词的适当形式填空1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy(be) in Class One. 3. We(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. they (like) the World Cup? 6. Whatthey often(do) on Saturdays? 7. your parents(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There (be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike(like) cooking. 12. They(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always(do) your homework well. 15. I(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao(do) not like PE. 18. The child often(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang(have) eight lessons this term. 20.What day(be) it today? Its Saturday. 21.I _ ( get ) up at 6 oclock every day.22.My father _ (have) a lovely dog. 23.He _ (go ) to school on foot.24.She _ (do ) not like watching TV. 25.They _ (play) football every Sunday afternoon三、 按要求完成下列各题1.Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句) _ _ Saturday ?2.Does he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答)Yes, _ _.3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)_ she _ like her sister ?4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句) _ they _ the same ?5.There are some apples on the trees.(改成单数句子)_6.We have many friends in China.(改成单数句子)_7.Do they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答) No, _ _.五、英汉互译1. Tom经常放学后（after school）踢足球。_2. 我喜欢唱歌。_3. He often goes to school on foot._4. Children like to play this game._5. 今天是星期日。_6 他经常在周六的时候读英语。_7 Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。_8 Tom always plays football after school._9 I get up at six oclock every day. _ 10 The coat fits (适合) me very well._四、改错()1. Is your brother speak English? ABC ()2. Does he likes going fishing? A BC ()3. He likes play games after class. A B C ()4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. A BC ()5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. ABC初一现在进行时1. 定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now, these days等时间状语连用，句首有 Look ! / Listen !等提示语。 Im visiting my friends now. Look! He is sitting there.2.基本结构：be动词(am ,is ,are) +动词的现在分词构成（动词-ing）肯定句： be + doing 否定句： be + not doing 一般疑问句：Be动词提前到句子开头 +主语+doing记忆口诀： 现在进行主动宾，be +动词-ing要记清; 助动词(am, is ,are) 跟着主语变， am, is ,are + -ing; 变疑问，助动词(am, is ,are) 后主语跟， 变否定，助动词(am, is ,are) 后not跟。例句：肯定句： I am working. He is working. They are working.否定句： I am not working. He is not working. They are not working.疑问句：Are you working? Is he working? Are they working?回 答：Yes, I am . Yes, he is. Yes, they are. No, Im not. No, he isnt. No, they arent.注意：现在进行时的特殊用法：1）现在进行时与always 连用时，往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。 如： He is always working hard.他总是非常努力地工作。(表示赞扬) 2）come, go, begin, start, leave 等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 She is leaving China tomorrow. Im going to school.3. 现在分词的变法规则：当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如： sing-singing, see-seeing, play-playing, go-going, do-doing,二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：write-writing, have-having, come coming 来 ；close - closing关 ；make making 制造ride riding 骑； write - writing 写 ;take - taking 拿走 ; have having 有 ；三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning; sit- sitting ；cut cutting 切 ;shop-shopping 购物；begin-beginning 开始 forget-forgetting忘记；stop-stopping 停止travel-travelling 旅行；beginbeginning 开始; swimswimming 游泳；runrunning跑步; putputting放；letletting让；getgetting得到四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于现在进行时态专项练习一、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay _do _listen _forget _refuse _close _travel _die _work _spend _look _ make _put _sit _run _tie _take _give _ride _please _win _begin _open _lie _二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Mary and Lucy are _ (dance) now.2. Listen! Someone is _ (play) the piano in the next room.3. He is _ (sweep) the floor at the moment.4. Look ! The cat _ _ (eat) the fish on the table.5. A: _ you _ (study) French ?B: Yes , I am.6. She often _ (dance) after school.7. My father and mother _ _ (swim) in the pond.8. My sister is _ (fly) a kite in the garden.9. We are _ (watch) TV now.10. Be quiet ! The baby _ _ (sleep) now.三、 改错1. We are cleanning our classroom. _2. She is sing in the next room. _3. What am you doing? _4. Mary is comeing back from Beijing._5. He often flying kites on Sundays. _6. They is reading books now. _7. My brother is plays the guitar now. _8. Sally is danceing in the room. _9. I watching TV at home now. _10. Do you listening the radio now? _四、 英汉互译1. 他正在教室里做作业。_2. We are reading English now._3. Pete和Billy 正在操场（in the playground）打篮球。_4. Look ! A bird is flying in the sky._5. 公共汽车来了。_6. 刘先生经常在周日的时候（on Sundays）看英语书。_7. He isnt playing games. He is studying. _8. 孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。_9. That son of yours is always making troubles (捣乱)._10.你们正在做什么?_能力测试一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式play _ _sit _ _do _ _stop _ _put _ _swim _ _skate _ _dance _ _fly _ _lie _ _二 单选1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework. A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room. A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _. A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him. A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont know. A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming6. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing7. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having8. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries9. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing10. Dont talk here. Grandparents _.A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep11. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital.A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works12. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking13. Mrs. Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans14. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening15. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting16. On Sundays he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping.A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does17. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have二、用动词的适当形式填空1. I am _(watch) TV now. 2.He _ _ (play) in the classroom now.3.She often _ (dance) after school. 4.My sister is _ (fly) a kite in the park.5.My parents(父母) _ (swim) in the pond every day. 6. Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.7. What_he _(mend)? 8. We _(play)games now.9. What _you_(do) thesse days? 10. _he _(clean) the classroom?11. Who_(sing)in the next room?12、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.三、改错1. I watching TV at home now. _2. My father is plays the piano. _3.He often flying kites on Sundays. _4.They is reading books. _5.She is dancing in the room. _一般将来时1. 意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ,in a month二. 构成及变化一般将来时常用的两种结构1.be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或有迹象即将发生或肯定要发生的事。肯定句：主语+ be(am ,is,are) going to +动词原形+其它成份。否定句：主语+be（am，is，are）notgoing to +动词原形+其它成份I am not going to（go to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。一般疑问句：Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ? No , he isnt.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？2.will +动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿。肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其它成份否定句:主语 + will + not + 动词原形 +其它成份一般疑问句: Will+主语 +动词原形+其它成份 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+will . (否)No,主语+will+not 缩写形式: ll =will wont = will not she will write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ Yes , I will. No , I wont.注意：1. will表示的一般将来时，本身没有人称和数的变化,用法同情态动词。如果要表达“将来不会”，就要用其否定形式，可以在will后直接加not，构成will not或缩写为wont.其疑问形式，将will提到句首即可。2.区分这两结构：都表将来。但是be going to+动词原形可以表示有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, it is going to be rain. “will”句型与“be going to”句型，前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。例如： Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。3. be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ，come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约. She is coming Beijing tomorrow.一般将来时专项练习 ( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will b D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow eve