2013高考英语知识点高频考点归纳.doc

2013年高考英语命题要点、考点分布相对稳定、集中。英语的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、冠词、情态动词出现的频率较高，尤其要引起重视的是动词、动词补语、各种习惯表达法及交际用法。 、语言基础知识的考查不能脱离一定的语境。近年来，高考题重视考查学生的语言实践能力，将单纯的语法语言知识放置于一定的语言环境，这是近年来高考英语测试改革的一个方向，考生在做题的过程中应该树立全局观、整体观，不能顾此失彼，只注意语法知识的正确性而忽略了语境使用中的合理性。 、题干设计的新颖性。几乎每年的高考题在题干设计上都有所创新，考生在考试之前应该有相应的心理准备。在考试过程中，遇到新颖的题干不心慌，沉着、冷静地对考题加以分析。对于单项填空题，考生应该仔细分析，积极揣摩出题人的意图。也就是我们常说的做题时切忌盲目，要找准考点。这样，既增加了做题的准确性，又节约了时间。在高考前的后期复习中，考生们应对高频考点进行拉网式地认真清理，做到知识条理清楚，哪些点常考什么，要心中有数，不打无准备之仗。 4、近年来其内容愈来愈贴近生活，因此考生除了复习考纲所列的词汇和语法知识，还要注意归纳英汉两种文化的差异，熟悉所学的习惯用法，提高顺应语境的能力。 5、要看清楚题干再做题。碰到个别难题，别花太多时间。选择题分数只占10，建议考生把时间控制在10分钟以内。通过近几年玖久高考专家对高考英语试卷及得失分的分析，有很多同学单项填空题正确率还不到一半，这已成为高考拉开距离的题型。根据大量的抽样调查表明，除开英语单词不认识的（基础特别差的学生），许多考生把单项填空题理解为单纯的语法考察题，把选项和语境割离开来，被干扰选项迷惑。而事实上，高考英语的单项选择题已经由传统的单纯考查语法知识逐渐向英语应用的方向发展，考查的知识点越来越多，不仅考查语言知识的记忆与简单再现，更重要的是考查在不同水平与层次上语言知识的运用。考生应该把单项选择题当成一个小的阅读理解题，一道题的每个单词甚至是标点符号都在提供信息，从理解语境出发到找到关键词，再加上语法、句法、固定搭配去找到正确答案。其基本的解题步骤是理解语境-划关键词-对比选项（从语法、句法、固定搭配出发）-解出答案。 解题时也有技巧，高考一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但命题者有意把题干复杂化，改写为一个少见或陌生的结构。应试者可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构，如将疑问句改为陈述句，将倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将强调句型去掉，将难句简化或者是将省略句补全。英语的选择题注重在“选”上，因此要加强选项对比。不知道大家注意没有，英语试卷中，每一个部分都用黑体字写了这一行字：从A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。明确告诉我们要挑选出一个最佳选项，而不是做出一个正确选项。因此在做英语试题时，比较是非常重要的。 那么根据英语命题的特征和英语答题模式，玖久高考专家结合了几位英语选择题获取满分的三位同学的经验：虽然高考题型朝着新颖性变化，但是还是跳脱不开考察语言基础：1、英语语法知识；2、对近义词或习惯用语的辨析；3、日常交际用语。而这三个方面各有其内在规律，因此只要我们了解了这些规律，掌握这些规律，就能逐渐形成答好单项填空题目的解题技巧。高考的学生要想快又准地做好单选题，必须具备下列技巧： 1、题眼法“题眼”是指题干中的关键词或关键符号，它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。如时间、地点、关联词、转折词等。 2、还原法：把倒装式、强调式或疑问式的题干变换为陈述句，再选就容易多了。 3、归类法：根据句意，把选项分组归类，缩小范围，提高做题的速度和准确性。 4、推理法：根据前后文，进行逻辑推理，在四个选项都可填入的情况下，要认真阅读全句，仔细体会其语境，根据前后文，进行判断。 5、排除法：对于难度较大的题，一时不知道选哪一个。这时要逐个试填，最后，选取组成最好语境的选项。一.还原法：题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。例如：1. To all of you _ the honor for the success （C）Abelongs to Bbelong to Cbelongs Dbelong分析：倒装句，还原后为：The honor for the success belongs to all of you.2. Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. （C）A. learning B. learned C. to learnD. learns分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为We should make good use of time _our lesson well.3.What made her mother so angry? _the exam. （B） A. Because she did not pass B. Her not passing C. She did not pass D. Because her not passing分析；将题干改写为：_the exam made her mother so angry.解题决窍：将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。例：1. It is _Tom often breaks the school rules _makes his teacher unsatisfied with him. （C）A. what；that B. that；what C. that；that D. which；that分析：强调句型的特点是把It is that去掉句子是完整的，该句可以还原为：_Tom often breaks the school rules makes his teacher unsatisfied with him. Makes是谓语，前面是主语从句，缺少引导词that2. _ it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match. A.Were B. Would C. Will D. Should （D）分析：这是虚拟条件句，与将来事实相反，还原为：If it should rain tomorrow3. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer? - Sorry. I have no idea. （B）A. has; bought B. 不填; bought C. did; buy D. 不填; buys分析：该句还原为陈述句语序为：You think where he_ the computer?think后接的是宾语从句，因此应该是陈述语序4. Though he started late, Mr Guo played the piano as well as , if _, than Mr. Liu.not better than B. not better C. no better than D. no better （D）分析：if条件句是省略的，应该还原为：if he did not play better than Mr. Liu二.排除思维定势 利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。1.Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom. A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping2.Madame Curie，for _ life had once been very hard，was successful laterAwhom Bwhich Cwhose Dthat3. Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to？ Athat Bwhere Cwhy Dwhen 4. -What do think of the plan? - I feel _that we ought to give it up at once. A. strongly B. strong C. stronger D. it strong 答案：CAAA解题决窍：正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰三.克服汉英差异 英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：1. Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.- OK. _ . Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you2. The population of China is _than that of Russia. A. much more B. much larger C. many more D. many larger3. There was once a cruel king _in the castle. A. lived B. who lives C. was living D. living答案：DBD解题决窍：留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读多比较多归纳。避免Chinglish后，对比所剩的选项，最后得出最佳答案四. 注意题干惯性：此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。1. Alice. you feed the bird today, ? But I fed it yesterday. (1999全国卷)A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you2. -You havent been to Beijing, have you?-_.How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent3. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning.(2004全国卷)A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 答案：BDC解题决窍：分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。五.区分形近义近词：把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：1. The films made by Disney _all over the world. Aare used to show Bare used to showing Cused to be shown Dused to show2. Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? Yes. They have better players, so Ithem to win. A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want3. Id like to buy a housemodern ,comfortable ,and _ in a quiet neighborhood.（2004福建） Ain all Babove all Cafter all Dat all答案：CCB解题诀窍：1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。六. 弄清语言环境：命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：1.Hey, look where you are going? Oh, Im terribly sorry.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D. I dont noticing2. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying3. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving答案：解题诀窍：1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息，抓住关键词的提示，如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。七、简化法：对于长句尤其是含从句或并列成份较长的题，要善于抓住句子的主干，剥离出次要的信息，这样使长句难句简单化。先看主句的信息，再加上次要的从句的信息，再长的句子也不难了。1.As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _ about what is happening at home and abroad.A.informing B.informed C.to inform D.being informed此句的主干是：newspapers等can keep us _，横线处缺少补语。us与inform存在被动意义，因此选B。D项虽有被动意义，但是含正在进行的意义，而此句指的是一般行为，故选2. Dina, _for months to find a job as a waitress, finally found a position at a local advertising agency. struggling B.struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle此句主干为：Dina found a position found是谓语，且前面没有and，说明与前面的struggle不是并列谓语，struggle应是非谓语动词。因与Dina存在主动意义，因此用现在分词，故选C3. A number of students _said they were forced to practice the piano. A.to question B.to be questioned C.questioned D. questioning 此句主干为：Students said (that)从句，空处缺修饰students的定语，question与之存在被动意义，在B与C间选。因B项表将来被动，C表完成被动，故选C解题要诀：熟悉英语的五个基本句型：主谓；主系表；主谓宾；主谓宾宾；主谓宾补分析句子成分时最主要找出谓语动词，则整个句子结构就会非常清晰解题注意事项1.认真审题，不许只把题干读一半，也不要随便加词或减词，保证正确地理解题意。为此建议在心中默读出声，读时注意意群停顿，以便产生正确的语感。读选项时一定要每个选项都看完，不能在没把选项看全的情况下盲目得出答案That is the room _our family used to sit in the evening.（） A. in which B.in where C. which D. that意群停顿： That is the room / in which / our family used to sit / in the evening2.做题时要思路清晰，通常可以先排除两个选项，这时也许对所剩的两项感到“模棱两可”，千万不要盲选。必须根据语境及两个选项的差别，最后准确定出答案People arent watching _television as beforeon Christmas Day because they use their videos.A. too much B. too many C. as much D.as many 先排除B和D，因television不可数。后面有as，故选C3.对于“模棱四可”的题必须每个选项逐一排除，即使看完第一项觉得正确，也必须把所有选项读完，也许后面有更为准确的用语1) I dont _rocks roll, its much too noisy for my taste.（） A.go after B.go away withC.go into D.go in for2)_children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally confident.A. If B. Since C. Once D. Unless（）沈阳吴军高分英语家教地址：铁西区启工街地铁口旁第一城A组团3号一层 网址: 电话： 2012高考英语翻盘逆转押题预测必考点知识清单主讲人：吴军第一部分：单项选择定语从句出题思路预测先行词 n./pron -被定语从句修饰的,根据先行词选择连接词物：which/that/whose 人：who/whom/that/whose当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（的）2012定从预测1My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 2012定从预测2The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that2012定从预测3Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which2012定从预测4The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those2012定从预测5A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever2012定从预测6In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that2012定从预测7Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.A.thatB.whose C.those D.whatas与which均可替代整个主句在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。 介词/逗号后, 永远不用that!They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun. He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy. A. as B. which C. that D. it2012定从预测8_is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What比较：_is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.2012定从预测9Jim passed the driving test, surprised everybody in the office.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it2012定从预测10_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 2012定从预测11Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which2012定从预测12_ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What 地点：where/which /that 时间：when/which/that2012定从预测13The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where2012定从预测14I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where2012定从预测15Occasions are quite rare .I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when2012定从预测16We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when2012定从预测17The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where怎么确定关系代词前用什么介词?（1）定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. (about which- argue about sth) There is no one _ she can turn when in trouble (to whom-turn to sb for help)（2）先行词常和什么介词搭配。The reason _ he was late was that he got up late.(for which- the reason for)2012定从预测18Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which2012定从预测19Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which2012定从预测20For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A.for whichB.in which C.of whichD.from which2012定从预测21By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of whichB.on which C.from which D.above which易错点:插入语和定语干扰!2012定从预测22She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years.Afor whichBwith whichCof whichDto which2012定从预测23The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which2012定从预测24Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.A. who B. which C. what D. that2012定从预测25She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these2012定从预测26Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom定语从句真题练习2009辽宁Theyve won their last three matches, _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 2007辽宁Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.A.after thatB.after whichC.after it D.after this2006辽宁I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChinese in the school, most were from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom2004辽宁The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that DBDA名词性从句出题思路预测区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。I have forgotten where we went yesterday.Where we went yesterday is covered with all kinds of flowers.Oh! This is where we came yesterday. This is the place where we came yesterday.Here, he made the promise that he would come here 10 years later.I will make a mark where he made the promise.where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what; 不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。2011江西卷The villagers have already known well do is to rebuild the bridge.AthisBthatCwhatDwhich2011四川卷Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A. why B. how C. what D. which2011陕西卷Id like to start my own business thats Id do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what易错点:插入语干扰!2012名词性从句预测1The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who2012名词性从句预测2 was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As2012名词性从句预测3The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which1 In my eyes, _ is known to all _ Chinese economy has taken off.2 _ is known to all, Chinese economy has taken off.3 I took some medicine for the bad cold, but _ didnt help.4 I took some medicine for the bad cold, _ didnt help.5 I find _ is a pity that he failed in the driving test.A. which B. that C. it D. As2012名词性从句预测4 is known to us all is that the 2014 Olympic Games will take place in L.A.It B.What C.As D.WhichWhether是解! 不充当从句的任何成分，表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if or not。_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也可用whether。主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,只能用 whether 引导，不能用 if .主语从句Whether it is true remains a problem. 这件事是否真实还是个问题。表语从句What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从重病中恢复过来。同位语从句I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 2012名词性从句预测5Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. whereB. whatC. whetherD. which2012名词性从句预测6Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A./ B.whether C.how D.what2012名词性从句预测7What the do