rpm依赖的解决换成apt.doc

前言RPM 会有烦人的 Dependence 的问题.当然就会有人想办法来解决.在 Debian 中出了 apt 来解决这个问题.然后巴西的公司将其移植到 RPM 系统上 .然后 cle 的 candyz 则是将它收入 cle 里.个人在使用一段时间之后.发现实在很方便.一旦整个系统装好之后.把 APT Server on 起来.您的光驱就很少会再用到.因为所有的安装都交给 APT 来做.建议大家可以把 APT Server 装起来试试.超好用的准备测试系统: Red Hat Linux 7.3所需套件: apt-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm , apt-devel-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm参考网站: .tw/Candyz 文件底下是 Candyz 的发表文件.您也可以在其站上找到这篇.#!/bin/bash# Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Chung-Yen Chang ;# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the# GNU General Public License for more details.# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA# 02111-1307, USA.# Jun 26 2002# Last modified by Chung-Yen Chang ;# =# APT Server 的架设# =#BASEDIR=/var/ftp/gaga#cd $BASEDIRrm -rf SRPMS.gagaln -sf SRPMS SRPMS.gaga#cd RedHatrm -rf RPMS.gagaln -sf RPMS RPMS.gaga#sh /usr/bin/genbasedir -topdir=/var/ftp/gaga -bloat -bz2only -progress RedHat gaga# =# APT Clients 部份# =#关于 CLE 的升级系统我采用的是 APT 套件,这套在 debian 上相当著名的套件,不久前巴西的 Conectiva公司将其移植到 RPM 系统上,而我把它移植到 CLE 上来相信有用过 debian 或玩过 apt 的人,应该都不会太陌生才是事实上在过年前我就已经在测试了,目前运作的状况还算可以接受目前仅供 RedHat 7.0 以上的系统进行升级我测试过的,全新安装一台英文版的 RedHat7 后,再以 apt 来升级,升级完成后,就跟 CLE 1.0 是一样的了,这样也不失为一个不错的升级管道目前我在升级新套件时,都已经是用 apt 在运作了. 注意 本套件仍在发展阶段,因此,并不保证一定适合每个人的状况,所以,请要使用的人可以的话,最好先备份一下您的重要资料(而我已使用了一段时间了,一切都很正常)若您因为使用这个套件而造成损失,我将不负任何责任所需套件:至 CLE 网站下载以下两个套件.tw/pub/CLE/i386/RedHat/RPMS/apt-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpmapt-devel-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm下载回来后,以 rpm -ivh 将其安装起来主要设定档:1./etc/apt/sources.list这是最重要的设定文件了,记载着 Server repository 的一些信息,内容如下:# Package repository URLs# CLE 1.1(gaga) Mirrors#rpm .tw/pub/CLE/i386 RedHat gaga freshrpmsrpm-src .tw/pub/CLE/i386 RedHat gaga freshrpms这是内定的,若您知道有距离您更近的站有提供同样的服务时,可以依照您的需求更改或是增加您要的站台目前国内有提供 apt 服务的列表可参考底下网址:.tw/index.php?SCREEN=story_view&sid=&pathway=71&node=2772.其它在 /etc/apt 目录下的一些设定文件 apt.conf rpmpriorities vendors.list使用内定的即可,若有需要变更,请 man 一下或是自行参考 apt 的说明文件主要指令:主要有 apt-cache apt-cdrom apt-config apt-get 这四个指令,一般使用者比较会用到的,应该就是 apt-get 指令了,其它更详细的说明请自行 man 或是参考相关的说明文件=apt-get=1.apt-get update更新套件信息,要升级之前,最好都先执行一次本指令和 Server 端的信息同步一下2.apt-get check检查你系统上套件的相依性状况3.apt-get dist-upgrade 和 apt-get upgrade执行整个升级动作,建议用 apt-get dist-upgrade 比较好4.apt-get install 套件名称安装某一个套件及其相关的套件如 apt-get install xcin 这样就会帮您安装好 xcin 了,连 libtabe 也会一并帮您安装好5.apt-get remove 套件名称移除某套件,和 rpm -e 功能一样,同时还会帮您把相关的套件一并移除6.apt-get source 套件名称抓回 source rpm例: apt-get source -compile zhcon抓回 source rpm 并编译成 binary rpm-compile 参数就如同 rpm -ba 一般7.apt-get clean删除下载回来的档案=apt-cdrom=在您安装好系统后,可以使用 apt-cdrom 来把这三片光盘加入 apt 的 sources.list 中用法如下:$ apt-cdrom addUsing CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/Unmounting CD-ROMPlease insert a Disc in the drive and press enterMounting CD-ROMIdentifying. af0e7c988f7ae057a4a3bccc8008134d-2Scanning Disc for index files. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.Please provide a name for this Disc, such as MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1:Gaga V1.1 disc1This Disc is called:Gaga V1.1 disc1Reading Indexes. DoneWriting new source listSource List entries for this Disc are:rpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc1/ RedHat gagaRepeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.$ apt-cdrom addUsing CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/Unmounting CD-ROMPlease insert a Disc in the drive and press enterMounting CD-ROMIdentifying. de0703cd627985ce5ea8d9647abc3e4a-2Scanning Disc for index files. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.Please provide a name for this Disc, such as MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1:Gaga V1.1 disc2This Disc is called:Gaga V1.1 disc2Reading Indexes. DoneWriting new source listSource List entries for this Disc are:rpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc2/ RedHat gagaRepeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.$ apt-cdrom addUsing CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/Unmounting CD-ROMPlease insert a Disc in the drive and press enterMounting CD-ROMIdentifying. 0daa110860c40f563b2179487f11fdcf-2Scanning Disc for index files. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.Please provide a name for this Disc, such as MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1:Gaga V1.1 disc3This Disc is called:Gaga V1.1 disc3Reading Indexes. DoneWriting new source listSource List entries for this Disc are:rpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc3/ RedHat gagaRepeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.在加完三片光盘后,您应该可以在您的 /etc/apt/sources.list 里看到如下三行:rpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc3/ RedHat gagarpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc2/ RedHat gagarpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc1/ RedHat gaga这样以后就可以使用 apt-get 来安装之前未安装的套件了范例如下:若您并没有连上网络,请修改您的 /etc/apt/sources.list把其它各行都删除或是批注起来,只留下底下这三行rpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc3/ RedHat gagarpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc2/ RedHat gagarpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc1/ RedHat gaga$ apt-get updateIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat release.gagaIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat release.gagaIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat release.gagaIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/base/mirrorsIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat/base/mirrorsIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat/base/mirrorsProcessing File Dependencies. DoneReading Package Lists. DoneBuilding Dependency Tree. DoneW: cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc3/ will not be authenticated.W: cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc2/ will not be authenticated.W: cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc1/ will not be authenticated.$ apt-get install zhconProcessing File Dependencies. DoneReading Package Lists. DoneBuilding Dependency Tree. DoneThe following NEW packages will be installed:zhcon0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove(replace) and 0 notupgraded.Need to get 0B/3098kB of archives. After unpacking 5466kB will be used.Media Change: Please insert the disc labeled Gaga V1.1 disc3 in the drive/mnt/cdrom/ and press enterGet:1 cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/gaga zhcon 0.14-6 3098kBFetched 3098kB in 4m35s (11.3kB/s)Executing RPM (-U).Preparing. # 100%1:zhcon # 100%根据指示放入 Gaga V1.1 disc3 第三片光盘即可也可免除要新增套件时,不知道该套件到底是放在哪一片光盘片上而要找半天的麻烦如何把 iso檔加入 sources.list 用 apt-get 来安装之前未安装的套件?$ mount -o loop gaga-20020625-1.iso /mnt/cdrom/$ apt-cdrom add -m -d /mnt/cdromUsing CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/Identifying. af0e7c988f7ae057a4a3bccc8008134d-2Scanning Disc for index files. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.Please provide a name for this Disc, such as MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1:Gaga V1.1 disc1This Disc is called:Gaga V1.1 disc1Reading Indexes. DoneWriting new source listSource List entries for this Disc are:rpm cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc1/ RedHat gagaRepeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.=-m 参数表示我们自己已经 mount CDROM 了,不用再 mount 一次-d /mnt/cdrom 用来指定我们的挂载点重复此步骤把三个 iso 檔都加入 sources.list 中接下来$ apt-get updateIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat release.gagaIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat release.gagaIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat release.gagaIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/base/mirrorsIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat/base/mirrorsIgn cdrom:/Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat/base/mirrorsProcessing File Dependencies. DoneReading Package Lists. DoneBuilding Dependency Tree. DoneW: cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc3/ will not be authenticated.W: cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc2/ will not be authenticated.W: cdrom:Gaga V1.1 disc1/ will not be authenticated.$ apt-get install zhconProcessing File Dependencies. DoneReading Package Lists. DoneBuilding Dependency Tree. DoneThe following NEW packages will be installed:zhcon0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove(replace) and 0 notupgraded.Need to get 0B/3098kB of archives. After unpacking 5466kB will be used.Media Change: Please insert the disc labeled Gaga V1.1 disc3 in the drive/mnt/cdrom/ and press enter此时再开个窗口手动把 disc3 iso 挂载到 /mnt/cdrom 下即可=apt-cache=1.apt-cache showpkg显示套件信息例: apt-cache showpkg zhcon2.a