江西省瑞金市2014高考英语阅读理解和完形填空训练.doc

江西省瑞金市2014高考英语阅读理解和完形填空训练（15）（含答案）It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries (食品杂货), saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity (人性) as a whole. And it has influenced (影响) us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.1Why was the bike so important to the couple?A. The mans job was bike racing.B. It was their only possession.C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed.D. They used it for work and daily life.2We can infer from the text that _.A. the couple worked 60 hours a weekB. people were busy before ChristmasC. the stranger brought over the bikeD. life was hard for the young family3How did people get to know the couples problem?A. From radio broadcasts.B. From a newspaper.C. From TV news.D. From a stranger.4What do the couple learn from their experience?A. Strangers are usually of little help.B. One should take care of ones bike.C. News reports make people famous.D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.1D。这是一道归纳题。根据第二段“.Trevor used it to get to work. And the bike was also used to get groceries，”可知自行车是Trevor家工作和日常生活的交通工具。2D。这是一道推理题。根据第一段第二句“While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work.”由此可知大部分人都开车，而Trevor要早起骑车去工作，可以看出Trevor家不富裕。3B。这是一道推断题。根据第三段“I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story.”可知作者把自行车被盗的事情告诉了报社，所以人们是在报纸上知道这个故事的。4D。这是一道归纳题。根据最后两句“No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.”可知善行无论大小，作用是巨大的。*结束阅读理解技法指导3主旨大意题主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：(1)The best title/headline for this passage is _.(2)The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about _.(3)What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?(4)Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with _.(6)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(7)The passage mainly tells us that _.(8)Which of the following can best sum up the passage?(9)Whats the best/most suitable title of this text/passage?如：(2012湖南高考，C篇)Harvard researchers have created a tough，lowcost，biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells.The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material，made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk，is called “shrilk.” It is thin，clear，flexible and strong.A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.Plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s.Decades later，however，plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags，or shortlived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet，so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.Theyre also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for nonmedical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home.Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers，to give it new properties.66Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilks _.Aremarkable design Binteresting nameCmajor features Dbasic elements剖析：C主旨大意题。第一段中主要介绍哈佛大学发明的这种新型材料其灵感来自于动物的外壳，其用途广泛，低耗环保，是塑料的替代品。它由虾壳及丝蛋白制成，因此被命名为“shrilk”，其特点是轻薄、透明、柔韧、结实。不难看出这里介绍的是这种新材料的主要特性，其他选项过于片面。故C项正确。70Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ARecent Progress in Environmental ProtectionBBenefits of Insects in Scientific ResearchCThe Harm of Onetime ProductsDA Possible Alternative to Plastic剖析：D主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题，介绍了这种可替代塑料的新型材料的性能等问题，所以D项适合。这类题目要求在理解全文的情况下归纳文章要点，对全文的中心思想进行概括、总结和评价。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，弄清作者的写作意图，综合归纳各段要点以把握文章的主题或大意，从而找出能概括文章主旨或中心思想的标题。*结束阅读理解-技巧点拨高考英语阅读理解部分考查的重点之一是考生对于文章细节信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力。细节题的比重一般为五分之一,换句话说,高考英语阅读理解的五篇文章中,每篇文章都至少设有一道细节题。细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力,内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。细节题属于浅层理解题,难度较低,答案明确具体,考生一般可以从阅读材料中直接找到。因此,解答这类试题时,考生应快速阅读材料,抓住其大意后,迅速浏览考题,选定关键词,然后带着这些关键词,运用查读法,迅速查找相关信息,进而分析这些信息的结构和意义,理清逻辑关系,最后选出正确答案。 仔细研究高考英语真题,我们会发现,细节题主要是针对文章中的某个短语、某个从句或某个完整的句子而设置,其中又以针对句子设题的情况居多。下面我们将结合真题,具体分析细节题的命题思路、解题方法和技巧。 针对定语从句的关系词设题 我们知道,英语中的基本句型的语序大致上是固定不变的,但有些时候,由于表达的需要,某些句子的成分或位置会发生变化,如定语从句中的状语(关系副词)前移等。这种变化往往会令考生感到迷惑,于是命题者就常常利用这种变化设置考题。 例1:Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. (2006年全国卷I,B篇) 60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City _. A. to visit a friend B. to see his parents C. to pay or the cash register D. to have more gas for his car 例2:Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant landis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures called moai, for which the island is most famous. (2003年全国卷,A篇) 57. Which of the following is most famous for moai? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena. 【技巧点拨】解答针对定语从句设置的细节题时,考生一定要认真分析句子结构,联系上下文,弄清楚关系词所指代的对象,准确答题。 针对易产生歧义的句子设题 除针对一些结构上比较特殊的句式设题之外,有些意义上容易令考生产生误解的语句也是命题者关注的重点。例如: In the restaurant There is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are in a restaurant. The icy glares you receive should be warning that it is not appreciated. Turn your phone off and use your message service to return calls after you leave. (2005年上海春季卷,B篇) 79. According to the passage, the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that _. A. you receive icy glares B. a nearby diner is answering a phone call C. you have to use the message serviceD. you can not return calls until after you leave 英语中有许多难于理解的句子,下面略举几例: (1) 否定转移 They are not working hard at English only for themselves. 他们在努力学习英语,这样做并不仅仅是为了他们自己。 错误表达:They are working hard at English not only for themselves. (2) 全部否定与部分否定 全部否定:All germs are invisible to the naked eyes. 所有细菌都不能被肉眼所见。 部分否定:Not all worms are visible to the naked eyes. 并不是所有的虫子都能被肉眼所见。 (3) 含有more than / no more . than的句子 The question is more than the boy is able to work out. 这个男孩是没有能力解出这道题的。 A family without love is no more a home than a body without soul is a man. 就像一个没有灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样,一个没有爱的家庭就不能称之为家。 【技巧点拨】解答此类针对容易产生歧义或难以理解的句子设置的题型时,考生需结合平时积累的基础知识,反复推敲句意,“去伪存真”,判定句子在文中的准确意思之后再解题。 针对上下文或句间的逻辑关系设题 阅读理解文章中,有些句子间虽然没有明显的关联词,但却形成了逻辑上的因果关系、转折关系等,以及含有例证、引用等的句子,这些都可能成为命题人的设题点。 例1: * The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body. The right half controls the left side. * One half of the brain is always dominant (in charge). Usually, the left brain is dominant, which is why 90% of people are right-handed. (2007年江苏卷,D篇) 70. From the passage, we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that _. A. their frontal lobe is usually dominant B. their temporal lobe is usually dominant C. their right brain is usually dominant D. their left brain is usually dominant *结束第一节 细节判断题解题技巧普通高中英语课程标准中达到英语学科的高中毕业要求为七级，其有关阅读最基本的要求是：“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是：细节判断。这类题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样。如：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?Which of the following is NOT considered as ?According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for ?How many ？What/who/when/where/how/why ?做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后，再通过寻读法（scanning）快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分、分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。这类细节性问题所涉及的面很广，有的需要经过简单的数学运算确定时间、距离、次数、数量等；有的涉及正误判断；有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。例如：（注：本书例题练习中选用全国各地高考题均保留原题号）（05全国卷II B篇）The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.“My grandmothers didnt do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emily Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But the generation now turning 50 is the baby boomers(生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old.If you take into consideration feminism(女权主义), a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple(紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing.“The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: When I am an old wo