计算机专业英语翻译.doc

l 计算机专业英语翻译部分l Data is a collection of un-organized facts, which can include words, numbers, images, and sounds. l 数据是未经组织的事实的集合,数据可以包括单词,数字,图像和声音.l A computer consists of a variety of hardware components that work together with software to perform calculations（计算）, organize data, and communicate with other computer. l 计算机由许多硬件部件构成,这些硬件与软件一起工作,以便执行计算,组织数据及与其他计算机通信的任务.l These hardware components include input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communications devices. l 硬件部件包括输入设备,输出设备,系统单元 ,存储设备和通信设备.l An input device allows a user to enter data and commands into the memory of a computer. l 输入设备让用户向计算机存储器输入数据和命令.l Storage differs from memory ,which can hold these items permanently(永久的)，whereas memory holds these memory holds items only temporarily(暂时的)。 l 外存储器与内存储器不同,外存储器能永久保存数据而内存储器仅临时保存.l Four common storage devices are a floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, and a DVD-ROM drive. l 四种常用的外存设备分别是:软盘驱动器,硬盘驱动器,CD-ROM驱动器和DVD-ROM驱动器.l Televisionanddatacanbemixedononecable.l 宽带能用于多个方面。 l Broadbandcanbeusedinvariousways. l 双绞线的最普通的应用是电话系统。 l Themostcommonapplicationofthetwistedpairisthetelephone.l 如果现在我们看一下花费，我们能够得到类似的结论。l Ifwenowlookatcost,wegetasimilarconclusion. l 最古老的且仍然是最常用的传输介质是双绞线。l Theoldestandstillmostcommontransmissionmediumistwistedpair.l 简单的计算会使这点很清楚。l Asimplecalculationwillmakethispointclear.l 路由器工作在网络层。l l Routersworkatthenetworklayer. l 一种相关的会晤服务是令牌管理。l l Arelatedsessionserviceistokenmanagement.l 网络不全是专用的。l l Notallnetworksareprivate. l 我们只是刚开始发掘计算机网络的潜力。l l Wehavejustbeguntotapthepotentialofcomputernetworks.l 计算机不以连续波的形式存储数据。l l l Computersdontstoredataascontinuouswaves.l l 在分时系统中，用户通过终端访问计算机。l l Onatime-sharedsystem,usersaccessacomputerthroughterminals.l 分析员的目标是确定用户需求什么。l l Theanalystsobjectiveisdeterminingwhattheuserneeds.l l 用户应该反复阅读和修改这份书面报告。l l Theusershouldreviewandcorrectthiswrittenstatement. l 存取程序和存取数据之间有着一些差异。l l l Therearedifferencesbetweenaccessingprogramsandaccessingdata.l 最简单的数据结构是列表。l l l Thesimplestdatastructureisalist. l 检索数据的关键是记住数据存放在什么地方。l l Thekeytoretrievingdataisrememberingwheretheyarestored.l 文件由所有的记录组成。l The central processing unit (CPU), sometimes referred to as the processor, interprets（解释）and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. l 中央处理器(CPU)有时也称处理器,用来解释并执行基本的计算机操作指令.l In the system unit, a computers memory stores data, instructions, and information. l 在系统单元中，计算机的存储器存储数据,指令和信息.l ROM(Read-Only Memory) is a memory chip that only can be read and used; that is , it cannot be modified(修改)。 ROM是一种只能读取,不能修改的存储器.l Four commonly used input devices are the keyboard, the mouse, a microphone, and a PC camera. 四种常用的输入设备包括键盘,鼠标,一个扩音器和一个摄像头.l An optical scanner reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form computer can use. 光学扫描仪读入印刷文本和图形,然后将其翻译成计算机能使用的形式.l Resolution typically is measured in dots per inch (dpi), and is stated as the number of columns and rows of dots. 分辨率通常是由每英寸的像点数来衡量,并以行数与列数说明.l Output is data that has been processed into useful form called information. That is, a computer processes input into output. l 经处理而成为有用的信息形式的数据就是输出.计算机将输入进行处理而成为输出.l To store such sounds, a computer converts the sounds from a continuous analog signal into a digital format. 为了存储声音，计算机将其从模拟信号转换成数字格式.l An output device is any computer component capable of conveying（传送） information to a user. 输出设备是能传送信息给用户的计算机部件.l Display devices include CRT monitors, flat-panel displays. l 显示设备有CRT显示器,平板显示仪.l Color monitors are used widely with all types of computers because most of todays software is designed to display information in color. l 由于目前大多数软件能显示彩色信息，彩色显示器被广泛用于所有类型的计算机中。l Each dot, called a pixel, is a single point in an electronic image. l 每个颗粒，称作像素，是一个图片的单个点。l This cycle of input, process, output, and storage is called the information processing cycle . l 输入，处理，输出，和存储的这种循环成之为信息处理循环。l The quality of a monitors display depends largely on its resolution, dot pitch, and refresh rate. 显示器的显示质量很大程度上取决于它的分辨率点距和刷新率。lWhenthecomputerisfirstturnedon,mainmemoryisempty.访问磁盘是从查找时间开始的。 Accessingdiskbeginswithseektime. 最新的辅助存储介质之一是激光视盘。Oneofthenewestsecondarystoragemediaisvideodisk.计算机是把数据处理成信息的机器。Acomputerisamachinethatprocessesdataintoinformation.光标的位置确定屏幕上的一个点。 Thecursorspositiondefinesapointonthescreen. 大多数微机的打印机一次只能打印一个字符。Mostmicrocomputerprintersprintonecharacteratatime.数据流入机器称为输入。Dataflowintothemachineasinput. 主存中的内容容易改变。Mainmemoryscontentsareeasytochange.软件是程序的常用术语。 Softwareisageneraltermforprograms. 构成现代计算机的基本器件是芯片。Thebasicbuildingblockofamoderncomputerisachip.光纤能够以三种不同的方式联接。Fibercanbeconnectedinthreedifferentways. 电话使得距离遥远的人们能通话。 Telephoneenablespeoplewhoarelongdistanceawaytospeaktoeachother.每一个物理存储单元都被分配一个唯一的地址。 Eachphysicalstorageunitisassignedauniqueaddress. l 数据在处理器和主存之间一次只能传送一个字节或一个字。l An 8-bit video card uses 8 bits to store information about each pixel, and thus can display 256 different colors. l 一个8位视频卡对于每一个像素用8个位存储信息，因而能显示256种不同的颜色。l Three commonly used types of nonimpact printers are ink-jet printers, laser printers, and thermal printer. 三种常用的非击打式打印机是喷墨打印机，激光打印机和热敏打印机。l An ink-jet printer is a type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto piece of paper. 喷墨打印机是一种非击打式打印机，通过向纸上喷洒微小的液体油墨滴而形成字符和图形。l Software is the series of instruction that tells the hardware how to perform tasks. l 软件是告知计算机硬件如何执行任务的一系列指令。l A printer produces text and graphics on paper or other hardcopy medium. l 打印机是在纸上或在其它硬拷贝介质上产生文本和图形。l Memory, which is composed of one or more chips on the motherboard, holds data and instructions while they are being processed by the CPU. l 当执行一条处理指令时，CPU需要一个地方来暂时保存执行的指令和执行指令所需的数据。l A monitor, which looks like a television screen, is used to display text and graphics. l 显示器看起来像一个电视屏幕，常用来显示文本，图形。l A storage medium is the physical materials on which items are kept. l 存储介质是一种能使内容被保存的物质材料，通常使用的存储介质是磁盘。l Storage devices can function as sources of input and output. l 存储设备能作为输入和输出源使用。 l A storage device transfers data, instructions and information from memory to a storage mediuma process called writingit functions as an output source. 存储设备从内存往存储介质中传输数据，指令和信息时，这个过程我们称之为写，它的功能就是作为输出源。l A storage device transfers data, instructions and information from a storage medium to memorya process called reading it functions as an input source. 存储设备每次从存储介质往内存中传输数据，指令和信息时，这个过程我们称之为读，它的功能就是作为输入源。l The size of a storage device is measured by the number of bytes it can hold. l 存储设备的大小是用它能容纳的字节的数目来衡量。l The system unit is a box-like case made of metal or plastic that houses the computer electronic circuitry（电路）. 系统单元是一个盒状的金属或塑料箱，内有计算机电子电路。l Two main components on the motherboard are the central processing unit (CPU) and memory. 在母板上有两个主要的部件：中央处理器和内存储器。l Some computer components, such as the processor and memory resided the system unit; that is, they are internal. 有些计算机部件如处理器和内存，常驻在系统单元内。l Communication describes a process in which one computer transfers data, instructions and information to another computer. l 通信是描述计算机之间传输数据，指令和信息的一个处理过程。l E-mail is the exchange of text messages and computer files via a communications network. E-mail通过通信网络来进行文本信息和计算机文化的交换。l An important aspect of communications is channel, which is the communications path between two devices. 通信的一个重要方面就是通道，是指两个通信设备之间的通信路径。l A communications channel is composed of one or more transmission media. l 一个信道是由一种或多种传输介质组成的。l Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances such as between cities, regions, and countries. l 广播无线电是一种无线传输介质，通过空气在一个长距离的范围上传播无线电信号，比如在两个城市 ，地区和国家之间传播无线电信号。 l Microwaves are radio waves that provide high-speed signal transmission. l 微波是一种提供高速信号传输的无线电波。 l Some types of communication media can transmit only one signal at a time, called baseband transmission, while others can transmit multiple signal at simultaneously（同时地）, called broadband transmission. l 这些介质中的有些类型只能一次传输一路信号，称之为基带传输，而其他类型的则能同时传输多路信号，称之为宽带传输。 l A local area network is a network that connects computers in a limited geographical area. l 局域网就是在有限的地理范围内连接许多计算机的一个网络。l System software consists of the programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices. 系统软件由各种程序组成，这些程序控制对计算机及其外设的操作。l An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all of the activities among computer hardware resources. l 操作系统是各种程序的集合。这些程序中包含用于协调计算机硬件资源的指令。l An operating system also contains instructions that allow you to run application software. l 操作系统也包含允许应用软件运行的指令。l A user interface is the part of the software with which you interact. l 用户界面是你用来和计算机互动的那部分软件。l A computer also can hold data and information for future use in an area called storage. l 一个电脑也称之为外部存储器，它在一个域上保存数据和信息以备后用。l A database management system is a software program or set of programs designed to control access to the database and manage the data resources efficiently(有效地). l 数据库管理系统是一个软件系统，用来有效地控制对数据库的访问和管理数据资源。l Translation翻译(30分)l Translate the following sentences into Chinese(将下列句子翻译成汉语。共20分)n There are several applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web，two of the most popular being Netscape Navigator and Mierosohs Internet Explorern SQL Server is designed to allow thousands of users to access the database at the same time and is a true clientserver database system。n During the last few years，it has been realized that maintenance of programs is more expensive than development，so reading of programs by humans is as important as writing them。n Some applications，such as Word，allow for several windows in a special mode called MDI in which you can open multiple documents within the same applicationl Translate the following paragraph into Chinese(将下段文章翻译成汉语。共10分)l Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life。Complex software s