sat og Test 1.doc

Test 1P390 section 21:Aleksander Solzhenitsyns -proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia.A: foresight B: nostalgia C: folly D: despair E: artistry Keenest 是keen 的最高级，keen adj：敏锐的，强烈的 n：痛苦 1A。foresight 预见的能力，先见之明B nostalgia nostld3i,怀旧；念旧Nostalgia is an affectionate feeling you have for the past,especially for a particularly happy time.She is filled with nostalgia for herown college days.她对自己的大学时代充满了怀念之情。C folly 愚蠢的想法（或事情、行为If you say that a particular action or way ofbehaving is folly or a folly, you mean that it is foolish 例句：the follies ofyouth 青年时期的愚蠢行为。亚历山大伊萨耶维奇索尔仁尼琴（ ）。1918年11月12日2008年8月3日俄罗斯作家。生于北高加索的基斯洛沃茨克。1924年，随寡母迁居到顿河畔罗斯托夫市。在这里，他读完了中学，考入罗斯托夫大学的物理数学系，1941年以优异成绩毕业。与此同时，因酷爱文学，他还在莫斯科文史哲学院函授班攻习文学。代表作有莫要靠谎言过日子等70年代后，他实际上已成为与物理学家萨哈罗夫齐名的苏联“持不同政见者”。1970年，“因为他在追求俄罗斯文学不可或缺的传统时所具有的道义力量”，索尔仁尼琴获诺贝尔文学奖。但迫于形势，索尔仁尼琴没有前往斯德哥尔摩领奖。1971年，德、法两国同时出版他的长篇小说1914年8月。1973年12月，巴黎出版了他的古拉格群岛第一卷，披露了从1918年到1956年间苏联监狱与劳改营的内幕。1974年2月12日，苏联最高苏维埃主席团宣布剥夺其苏联国籍，把他驱逐出境到西德，同年10月，美国参议院授予他“美国荣誉公民”称号，12月起侨居瑞士苏黎世，随后他移居美国。 在俄罗斯国内，评论界和读者对他及他的创作褒贬不一。苏联解体后，经俄罗斯总统叶利钦邀请， 于1994年回归俄罗斯。但在1998年叶利钦宣布颁发给他国家奖章的时候，他为了抗议叶利钦的毁灭性国内政策，拒绝接受。他认同普京的许多执政理念，直到2007年，才接受普京亲自去他家颁发的国家奖章。 2007年俄罗斯国庆节那天，索尔仁尼琴获得2006年度俄罗斯人文领域最高成就奖俄罗斯国家奖。在获得诺贝尔文学奖37年之后，索尔仁尼琴终于在自己的祖国获得了肯定。 2 The simple and direct images in Dorothea Langes photographs provide -reflection of a bygone social milieu. A: an intricate B: a candid C:an ostentatious D: a fictional E: a convoluted 多罗西娅兰格(18951965)主要纪实的是战争中的无家可归者，尤其是那些民族和工人的状况。兰格以女性特有的温情关爱注视面前的世界，关心和同情不幸者的遭遇。有评论家道：“多罗西娅兰格以其创造的图像，反映了人类的勇气和尊严，特别是处于被侮辱和受压抑状态下的人物形象。” 童年因患小儿麻痹症而造成终生残疾 。作为农业安全局的摄影师，兰格走遍了美国的22个州，拍摄了许多反映大迁徙悲壮场景的照片。自身的残疾，使她更能体恤别人的痛苦，更能接近拍摄对象。她拍摄了接受救济的人、睡在失业救济所外面无家可归的人等待救济的人和季节工母亲成为其中的经典作品。 主要纪实的是战争中的无家可归者，尤其是那些民族和工人的状况。在珍珠港事件的三个月后，美国“战争安置局”雇用兰格去拍摄日本以及一些周边的状况，使她有机会接触到了更为广泛的人世间的故事。兰格的早期作品是纪实美国农场家庭的转移，以及在大萧条时期工人的迁移。网页上展出了许多兰格的分类照片和介绍，主 要有：大萧条时期的土地报告原稿，兰格在工作，日本贵族的居住者，慈 悲的眼睛、天真无邪的问候、日本人大批离去的前奏，慈善生活的纪实， 兰格照片的宣传海报，以及其他相关的链接。多罗西亚兰格还是F64 团体的直接摄影派的成员。 兰格在社会纪实摄影方面的突出成就，使她在1941年获得“古根海姆奖”。她被美国摄影杂志的读者，投票评为10位著名女摄影家中的第二名。题干: bygone adj:过去的，过去的事情 。milieumi:lj: 社会环境；社会背景the social environment that you live or work in。选项：A intricate 复杂的intricate patterns/designs复杂的图案/设计B candid (摄影时)乘人不备时快拍的，姿势自然的/坦率的；坦诚的； A candid photograph of someone is one that was taken when the person did not know they were being photographed. C ostentatious ,ostentei s（人）炫耀的；卖弄的. If you describe something as ostentatious, you disapprove of it because it is expensive and is intended to impress people. (FORMAL) 例：.an ostentatious wedding reception. D fictional 小说的，虚构的 E convolutedcomplicated 复杂的3 Kates impulsive nature and sudden whims led her friends to label her-。A： capricious B：bombastic C：loquacious D:dispassionate E： decorous 题干：whim 一时的兴致；突发的奇想。选项A capricious=fickle反复无常的，心血来潮的Someone who is capricious often changes their mind unexpectedly. B bombastic=grandiloquent (言词、文章等)夸夸其谈的，言过其实的If you describe someone as bombastic, you are criticizing them for trying to impress other people by saying things that sound impressive but have little meaning.与谈话方面有关的词汇： circumlocution累赘的陈述， colloquial 白话的，diffuse (说话、文章等)冗长的， digress离题（v） ，eloquence雄辩，流利的口才，C garrulous rjuls = loquacious唠叨的；喋喋不休的，prattle（v）prtl = witter to talk a lot about unimportant things闲扯；唠叨， voluble 健谈的。D dispassionate =detached 不带感情的，不带偏见的Someone who is dispassionate is calm and reasonable, and not affected by emotions. E decorous（外表、仪态、行为等） 礼貌得体的。Decorous behaviour is very respectable, calm, and polite.4 Neurosurgeon Alexa Candy maintained that choosing a career was a visceral decision rather than -judgement ; that is, it was not so much rational as-A: an emotional .intellectual B: a chance.randomC: an intuitive.impulsive D: a deliberate instinctive . E：an intentional.logical题干：neurosurgeon ,njurus:dn 神经外科医生 n：神经科 neurosurgeryvisceral visrl = instinctive（未经过认真思考而）出自内心的，发自肺腑的resulting from strong feelings rather than carefulthought。选项： B random随意的；任意的C intuitive 直觉的， impulsive 冲动的。D deliberate=intentional故意的， instinctive 本能的。E logical 和逻辑的5 :creative business stratagems frequently become -as a result of -,their versatility and adaptability destroyed by their transformation into rigid policies.A: streamlined.infighting B: mitigated.jingonism C: ossified. Bureaucratization D: politicized.E: venerable.legislation题干： stratagem =ploy计策；计谋a trick or plan that you use to gainan advantage or to deceive an opponent。Versatile=variable 易变的：changing or fluctuating readily : 选项： Ainfighting 团体内部的争权夺利；内讧Infighting is quarrelling and competition between members of the same group or organization. B mitigate=alleviate 减轻；缓和， jingoism d3iuizm ：极端爱国主义； 沙文主义a strong belief that your own country is best, especially when this is expressed in support of war with another country。C ossify sifaivi. 骨化；硬化；僵化 If an idea, system, or organization ossifies or if something ossifies it, it becomes fixed and difficult to change. Bureaucratization bju,rkrtaizein, -tiz-官僚化，科层化D politicize使具有政治性If you politicize someone or something,you make them more interested in politics or more involved with politics.E venerable venrbl adj. 庄严的，值得尊敬的；珍贵的 a venerable person deserves respect because they are old and wise. 形似词：vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的，易受伤害的；有弱点的P402 section 51 . Known for her -, Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.A: cowardice B:prudence C: hospitality D:aloofness E:loyalty A: cowardice kaudis 怯懦；胆小的行为. n:coward .懦夫，懦弱的人adj 胆小的，懦怯的.B :Prudence .谨慎；慎重；小心. (prudent . adj) C :hospitality : (对客人的)友好款待，热情招待. Hospitable . adj D :aloofness 冷漠。 Adj/adv: Aloof2 :Not surprisingly, supporters of the governors plan to set aside land for forest preserve were disappointed when a court decision -the plan.A:Applauded B:derailed C: acknowledged D:permitted E: anticipated 题干to set aside something for 为而留出某物。选项单词：A : applaud 1 向拍手喝彩；to applaud a speech 对演说报以热烈的掌声。2赞扬、赞许to applaud a persons ambition 赞扬某人的雄心壮志。B :derail ：vi. 出轨 n. 脱轨；铁路 脱轨器例句：the plot is seen by some as an attempt to derail the negotiations 。有人认为这一阴谋的目的是阻挠谈判。C: acknowledge 承认，感谢，告知收到（信件等）3 : Because playing musical instrument increases brain activity, it is something used as -to promote learning in children.A: condition B:highlight C: stimulus D:dictum E:respite B :highlight . 1:n 最突出(或最精彩)的部分;最重要(或最有趣)的事情(+of)Her performance was the highlight of the show.她的表演是那场演出中最精彩的部分。2 Vt 使突出；强调，以强光照射。C:stimulus ：促进因素；激励因素；刺激物A stimulus is something that encourages activity in people or things.D: dictum n 名言；格言A dictum is a saying that describes an aspect oflife in an interesting or wise way. 2 (尤指)宣言，正式声明A dictum is a formal statement made by someone who has authority.E: respite : 1 暂缓,暂停A respite is a short period of rest fromsomething unpleasant. 2短暂的延缓,缓刑=reprieve A respite is ashort delay before a very unpleasant or difficult situation which may ormay not take place.4 :The ambassadress argues that, in diplomacy, there is a subtle but important difference between a countrys showing willingness to-and a too-obvious readiness to make-A: negotiate.concessions B: antagonize.friends C: surrender.enemies D: dominate.inquiries E: equivocate.denunciations 题干: ambassador :大使。Diplomacy 外交， readiness .愿意乐意(-to do) A :concession 让步B antagonize ntnaiz 敌对；使对抗例句: Do not antagonize that woman,she is dangerous.C:surrender 投降 D：dominate 控制，支配 inquiries n. 询问；打听（inquiry的复数）E： equivocate vi ikwivkeit 故意含糊其辞 例句:When asked directly for her position on disarmament, the candidate only equivocated. 当候选人被直接问到有关她对裁军的态度时， 她只是含糊其辞。 Denunciation = condemnation 公开谴责；斥责；指责. 词汇扩展批评谴责: denounce , condemn , reprehend , reprimand , reproach, reprove, rebuke, censure, castigate, berate, chide , scold , upbraid ，chastise t staiz5 : The dancers performing style was-and-, with each move taken from another artist, and poorly executed at that.A: rousing.memorable B: pedestrian.evolving C: chaotic.unprecedented D:derivative.inept E:spontaneous.graceless 题干: execute 成功地完成,表演. . 选项: A: rousing=stirring 激励的；激动人心的. B: pedestrian : 乏味的,无趣的 同近义词: monotonous ,tedious ,dull, drab,humdrum, prosaic , mundane, insipid , vapid. C:chaotic : 混乱的, unprecedented 空前的D: derivative : dirivtiv缺乏原创性的,模仿别人的. If you say that something is derivative, you are criticizing it because it is not new or original but has been developed from something else. Inept: 缺乏技巧的,笨拙的If you say that someone is inept, you are criticizing them because they do something with a complete lack of skill. E spontaneous sp nteinis :自发的 Spontaneous acts are not planned or arranged, but are done because someone suddenly wants to do them.6 : Lewis Latimers inexpensive method of producing carbon filaments -the nascent electric industry by making electric lamps commercially.A: cheapened.affordable B:transformed.viable C:hibitive D: provoked.improbableE: stimulated.inaccessible 搭配问题，不能说cheapen.industry，即不能说使工业变得便宜,所以A不对，但能说.transform.industry,改革工业，B对题干：carbon filaments :碳丝, filament：n. 灯丝；细丝；细线；单纤维 A filament is a very thin piece or thread of something, for example the piece of wire inside a light bulb. nascent =budding ： beginning to exist; not yet fully developed。新生的；萌芽的；未成熟的选项：B :viable 切实可行的that can be done; that will be successful ； 切实可行的a viable option/proposition 切实可行的选择提议。2 能独立发展的；能独立生存的（生物学）capable of developing and surviving independently。C: prohibitive adj. 禁止的；抑制的 D: provoke vt. 驱使；激怒；煽动；惹起 improbable adj. 不大可能的，未必确实的 E: inaccessible adj. 难达到的；难接近的；难见到的7: After winning the award, Philip adopted a haughty pose, treating even his best friends in a -manner.A: cryptic B:judicious C:jubilant D:supercilious E:pugnacious 题干： haughty 傲慢的，自大的近义词（傲慢，自大，轻蔑的）： arrogant ， contemptuous=disdainful=scornful ， egotistical ，presumptuous，pretentious，Supercilious ,sju:psilis，smug，pompous，overweening， hubris（n.）。Pose（故作） 姿态a way of behaving that is not sincere and is onlyintended to impress other people。选项： A 。cryptic 神秘的；含义模糊的；令人困惑的A cryptic remark or message contains a hidden meaning or is difficult to understand. 。近义词（晦涩难懂的，深奥的） opaqueupeik ， abstruse， obscure， arcane， esoteric，impenetrableimpenitrbl ， inscrutable ，unfathomable nfmbl ， baffling。B :judicious =wise 明智的，C: jubilant =ecstatic iksttik ：If you are jubilant, you feel extremelyhappy because of a success. D: supercilious 高傲的If you say that someone is supercilious, you disapprove of them because they behave in a way that shows they think they are better than other people.E: Pugnacious 好战的,好斗的 Someone who is pugnacious is always ready to quarrel or start a fight. 近义词：bellicose，belligerent =aggressive8: The general was so widely suspected of -during the war that his name eventually became synonymous with disloyalty.A: belligerence B：indigence C: perfidy D:aspersion E:tenacity 题干： synonymous 同义的；同义词的，disloyalty：不忠诚。选项： A: belligerence 好斗(性)，好战(性)；侵略(性） B: indigence=poverty 穷困。Indigent-adj = very poor。C: perfidy p:fidi=treachery背信弃义，背叛行为Perfidy is the action of betraying someone orbehaving very badly towards someone. D: aspersion：中伤，诽谤。Anattack on the reputation or integrity of someone or something 。E:tenacity tinsiti, If you have tenacity, you are very determined and do not give up easily. -tenacious adj。近义词（坚定，有决心的）：adamant ，unswerving ， steadfast， determined， resolute。P425Section 91 The prose of Richard Wrights autobiographical black boy (1945)is -,free of stylistic tricks or evasiveness.A: impressive B:straightforward C:deficient D:obtrusive E:elliptical 题干：autobiographical 自传性的。stylistic 体裁上的，文体上的，Stylistic describes things relating to the methods and techniques usedin creating a piece of writing, music, or art. Evasiveness ， evasive：not willing to give clear answers to a question 回避提问的；推托的；推诿的。evasive answers/comments/replies 含糊其词的回答意见答覆。选项：B。Straightforward，直截了当的C deficient 不足的， Dobtrusive，（ 缺点、缺陷)显眼的If you say that someone or somethingis obtrusive, you think they are noticeable in an unpleasant way.The sofawould be less obtrusive in a paler colour.沙发的颜色再浅一点就不那么扎眼了。E ellipticaliliptikl = oblique bli:k, =indirect：(语言、文体等)拐弯抹角的；冗长唠叨的Elliptical references to something areindirect rather than clear.2 It seemed from the size of the crowd, which was -, and the resonance of its cheers, which were -, that the team was experiencing a resurgence of popularity.A: vast.hollow B:sparse.thunderous C: enormous.deafening D:unimpressive.muted E:negligible.rousing 题干： resonance reznns。共鸣；回响；共振If a sound hasresonance, it is deep, clear, and strong. resurgence：复活；再现If thereis a resurgence of an attitude or activity, it reappears and grows. . 选项：A hollow adj.凹的；中空的。B sparse 稀少的C deafening 震耳欲聋的A deafening noise is a very loud noise.3 Evidence that the universe is expanding -our perception of the cosmos and thus caused a -in astronomical thinking.A: advanced.setback B:altered.revolution C: contradicted.truce D:reinforced.crisisE: halted.breakthrough 题干cosmos 宇宙The cosmos is the universe. Astronomical 天文（学）的。选项： A advance 提出(理论、建议、看法、意见等)。Setback 挫折；阻碍。B， alter 改变， revolution 巨变，革命。C ，contradict 驳斥，相矛盾， truce 停战，休战。D reinforce 加强E halt ，（使）停止，停下， breakthrough （尤指知识领域、科技方面的)重大成就，重大发现。4: Although the theory that widespread lead poisoning contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire has gained -,the evidence is still -.A:credence.irrefutable B:disrepute.dubious C:acceptance.convincing D:momentum.systematicE:currency.inconclusive A credence,kri:dns 可信性，真实性。Irrefutable irefjutbl 不能驳倒的B disrepute 丧失名誉；坏名声。Dubious = doubtful Cconvincing 令人信服的D momentum =impetus 动力；势头If aprocess or movement gains momentum, it keeps developing orhappening more quickly and keeps becoming less likely to stop.Ecu