英语人教版八年级下册unit2 sectionA 3a-3c.doc

巧学妙记动词不定式如何掌握和运用不定式由于汉语中找不到同英语中不定式相类似的语言现象，所以很多同学在学习动词不定式时颇感困难。这里告诉大家一段口诀帮助大家正确掌握和运用不定式。本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。【说明】(1) 注意宾语与状语的区别。不定式在及物动词后是宾语，在不及物动词后是状语。如:She wants to be a teacher. (宾语)He goes to work at six in the morning. (状语)(2) 注意宾补与定语的区别，宾补相当于汉语的兼语式，不定式与宾语的关系是主谓关系，而作定语的不定式同宾语的关系是动宾关系。如：Do you have anything to say for yourself? (定语， to say与anything是动宾关系）The teacher asks me to do it again. (宾补，me与to do是主谓关系）(3) 系动词后的不定式作表语。如：To him, the most important thing was to save lives. (表语)(4) 注意不定式作主语时往往用it作形式主语，放在句首，而真正的主语-不定式则放在句后，以保持句子的平衡。如：Its good to see all my teachers and friends again. (to see主语后置)(5) 在主动语态中，不定式在使役动词let, have, ,make, 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to等后作宾补时不带to。注意：含有使役动词和感观动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，其后要用带to的不定式。如：Now, let me go.What makes you think Im a farmer?I saw her run into the classroom.The girl is made to stay at home.They were heard to sing Peking Opera in the theatre last Sunday.(6) 不定式可以同疑问词what, which, how, where, when等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换成宾语从句。如：The fanners didnt know what to do.The farmers didnt know what they should do.Please tell me how to get to the zoo.Please tell me how I can get to the zoo.(7) 不定式的逻辑主语，在不定式前加for(of) sb. 。如：It is important for us to study English.(8) 不定