高考英语《语法》专题复习04+词义猜测技巧.ppt

猜测词义类试题解题技巧 猜词技巧是一种很重要的应试技巧 在诸多的英语测试中 几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目 考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种 常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义 专业化程度较高的词 生僻词 常见提问形式1 Accordingtotheauthor theword means 2 Theword mostlikelymeans 3 Theword inLine probablymeans 4 Bytheword theauthormeans 5 InLine theword refersto 6 Whichofthefollowingisnearest closestinmeaningto 7 InLine theword couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing 利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义B 利用上下文中的反义关系猜测词义利用构词法猜测词义D 利用逻辑推理猜测词义E 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测F根据上下文语境进行猜测 猜词技巧 1 like as as thesameas等 2 tobe mean referto等 3 bedefinedas beknownas becalled betermed等 4 and和or 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 6 以标点符号为线索猜测词义 like 像 一样 as as 如同 一样 thesameas 与 相同 等 例 Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter like 像 一样 as as 如同 一样 thesameas 与 相同 等 例 Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 解 圆胖的 丰满的 译文 母亲是身材高大 肥胖的中年妇女 学校的校长年龄稍大些 几乎跟母亲一样肥胖 不过个子要矮得多 2 tobe 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 等 例1 Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly 2 tobe 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 等 例1 Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly 解 退火 2 tobe 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 等 例1 Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly 解 退火 例2 Ventilation asyouknow isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering 2 tobe 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 等 例1 Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly 解 退火 例2 Ventilation asyouknow isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering 解 通风 译文 正如你所知道的 通风是一种提供新鲜空气的方式或手段 它在工程领域里起着十分重要的作用 3 bedefinedas 被定义为 beknownas 被称为 becalled 被称为 betermed 被定义为 等 例1 Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood 3 bedefinedas 被定义为 beknownas 被称为 becalled 被称为 betermed 被定义为 等 例1 Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood 解 蚊子 3 bedefinedas 被定义为 beknownas 被称为 becalled 被称为 betermed 被定义为 等 例1 Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood 解 蚊子 例2 Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter 3 bedefinedas 被定义为 beknownas 被称为 becalled 被称为 betermed 被定义为 等 例1 Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood 解 蚊子 例2 Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter 解 木匠 4 and和or 例1 Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision 4 and和or 例1 Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision 解 仿效 译文 小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为 4 and和or 例1 Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision 解 仿效 译文 小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为 例2 Atforty twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfulloferergy 4 and和or 例1 Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision 解 仿效 译文 小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为 例2 Atforty twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfulloferergy 解 从 年龄42岁 以及与prime具有同等关系的fullofenergy 可以猜出prime的意思是 盛年时期 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例1 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例1 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 解 牧人 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例1 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 解 牧人 例2 ItoldhimIwasamason apersonwhosejobiscuttingstoneintoshapeforbuilding 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例1 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 解 牧人 例2 ItoldhimIwasamason apersonwhosejobiscuttingstoneintoshapeforbuilding 解 石匠 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例3 Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例3 Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals 解 动物学家 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例3 Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals 解 动物学家 例4 Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhishats swallowingfire andothersimilartricks 5 以同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例3 Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals 解 动物学家 例4 Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhishats swallowingfire andothersimilartricks 解 变戏法者 译文 他是一个变戏法的人 通过从他的帽子里拉出兔子 吞火和玩其他类似的把戏来逗孩子们开心 6 以标点符号为线索猜测词义 括号 冒号 破折号等 例1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 6 以标点符号为线索猜测词义 括号 冒号 破折号等 例1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 解 脆 6 以标点符号为线索猜测词义 括号 冒号 破折号等 例1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 解 脆 例2 Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8am thisweek 6 以标点符号为线索猜测词义 括号 冒号 破折号等 例1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 解 脆 例2 Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8am thisweek 解 夜班 6 以标点符号为线索猜测词义 括号 冒号 破折号等 例1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 解 脆 例2 Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8am thisweek 解 夜班 例3 Theyaregooddiggers andinRanthambhore awildlifeparkinNorthernIndia arenocturnal theyonlycomeoutatnight 阅读中应多注意带有but yet however otherwise Nevertheless incontrast ontheotherhand ratherthan although while unlike whereas等表示转折意义的词或是有分号的句子 这类句子前后存在明显的对比关系 根据已知内容 通过对比很容易猜出生词的意义 例1 Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones however wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve 例1 Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones however wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve 解 复杂的 例1 Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones however wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve 解 复杂的 例2 Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 例1 Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones however wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve 解 复杂的 例2 Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 解 节俭的 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀 super 超 inter 在 之间 able 能 的 mini 极少的 微型的 micro 极微小的 re 再 反复 sub 分支的 底下 co 共同 post 后 pre 前 trans 超越 转换 under 在 之下 低于 不足 hood 状态 性质 时期 ish 如 的 有点儿 的 proof 防 的 不能穿透的 scope 景 ship 身份 资格 权力 性质 some 易于 的 wards 向 mis 误 恶 un 不 非 in 不 非 im 不 非 dis 不 non 不 非 less 不 无 anti 反 防 sino 中国 例1 Don tlistentohisnonsense 例1 Don tlistentohisnonsense 解 sense有 心智健全 意识 之意 non 构成它的反义词 故nonsense有 胡言乱语 胡说八道 之意 例1 Don tlistentohisnonsense 解 sense有 心智健全 意识 之意 non 构成它的反义词 故nonsense有 胡言乱语 胡说八道 之意 例2 Jasonisalanguagespecialist 例1 Don tlistentohisnonsense 解 sense有 心智健全 意识 之意 non 构成它的反义词 故nonsense有 胡言乱语 胡说八道 之意 例2 Jasonisalanguagespecialist 解 Special 是 unusual 不寻常的 之意 后缀 ist 指人 Specialist 就是 不寻常的人 也就是 专家 之意 1 以因果关系为线索2 以列举的事例为线索运用生活经验及普通常识进行推理4 联想法 例1 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 例1 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 解 修剪 例1 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 解 修剪 例2 Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain 例1 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 解 修剪 例2 Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain 解 永远的 永久的 例1 Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools orEnglishLearning 例1 Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools orEnglishLearning 解 期刊 例1 Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools orEnglishLearning 解 期刊 例2 Apply 涂抹 anantiseptic suchasalcohol 酒精 ontheskin 例1 Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools orEnglishLearning 解 期刊 例2 Apply 涂抹 anantiseptic suchasalcohol 酒精 ontheskin 解 酒精 可以防毒 antiseptic 准是 消毒药 了 例1 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce 例1 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce 解 车闸 例1 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce 解 车闸 例2 Birdsflywiththeirwings andtheypickuptheirfoods andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing seizing pullingorholdingobjects 例1 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce 解 车闸 例2 Birdsflywiththeirwings andtheypickuptheirfoods andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing seizing pullingorholdingobjects 解 wings是 翅膀 beaks是 喙 claws是 爪子 例1 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce 解 车闸 例2 Birdsflywiththeirwings andtheypickuptheirfoods andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing seizing pullingorholdingobjects 解 wings是 翅膀 beaks是 喙 claws是 爪子 例3 Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold 例1 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce 解 车闸 例2 Birdsflywiththeirwings andtheypickuptheirfoods andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing seizing pullingorholdingobjects 解 wings是 翅膀 beaks是 喙 claws是 爪子 例3 Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold 解 枯萎 例1 Towrite youneedasharptoolandaquickmind thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop 例1 Towrite youneedasharptoolandaquickmind thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop 解 笔 例1 Towrite youneedasharptoolandaquickmind thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop 解 笔 例2 Onenteringtheroom hebegantomeasurehislegsonthefloor 例1 Towrite youneedasharptoolandaquickmind thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop 解 笔 例2 Onenteringtheroom hebegantomeasurehislegsonthefloor 解 译文 他一进屋就摔了个大跟头 例1Chickenbecomesrottenveryquickly Itcangobadinarefrigeratorifitisleftthereformorethanaweek Ifyouhaveany1 suspicionthatthemeatisbad don teatit Instead2 inspectitverycarefully Checkthesmell howitlooksandfeels Thefirstsignthatthechickenisrottenisthesmell Ifthechickenhasabad3 odor youshouldthrowitout Thesecondsignthatchickenisrottenisthelook Ifthemeatisblack throwitout Thethirdsignisthefeelofthechicken Ifthemeatisverysoft itmightberotten 4 Discarditifitis Ifonlypartofthechickenisbad removetherotten5 Portionandkeeptherest 1 Suspicion means A DoubtB ideaC Example 2 Theword inspect means A examinecarefullyB visitC smell 3 Odor means A soundB pictureC smell 4 Theword discard means A KeepB throwoutC cookitagain 5 Portion heremeans A wholeB partC half A A C B B 例2Thelargestplayer ShanghaiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices deluxesedans minivans stationwagons coaches Santanasedansarethebigfavorite 56 Thewords deluxesedans minivans and stationwagons usedinthetextreferto A carsinthemakingB carrentalfirmsC carsforrentD carmakers NMET2001 C 例3LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted DogDayAfternoon inthechildren sdepartmentofthemainlibrary About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday afternoonclasses readingforhalfanhour Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda pawgraphed bookatthelastclass TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril accordingtoDanaThumpowsky publicrelationsmanager 62 A pawgraphed bookismostprobably abookusedinSaturdayclassesabookwrittenbythechildrenC aprizeforthechildrenD agi