英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时.doc

现在完成时 学习目标：掌握现在完成时的构成、含义、及用法等。学习过程：一、 导课（略）二、 八个方面学习现在完成时(一) 现在完成时的构成： 助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 ( 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称，其否定句在Have/has后加not. 一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前. )（二）动词的过去分词的变化：分为规则和不规则1，规则的四种变化：（略）2. 不规则：不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：1） AAA型(三种都一样)如：cost cost cost cut cut cut set set set hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led 3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如： begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run Exercises （1） 写出下列动词的过去分词形式.1. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _13. bring _ 14. break _15. give _ 16. get _17. know _ 18. open _19. write _ 20. forget _（三）两个 含义:(1)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等（2）表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.（四）、现在完成时中6+2个标志词的用法区别1.Already肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道” Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?(注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.) Eg. I have already done my homework.否定句:I havent done my homework yet.一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?2.yet 用于 否定句和疑问句句末 “还(没)”/ “己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?3. ever 用于 肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经” Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? （注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”） Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句: He has never made dumplings Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.4. never表示否定“从来没有”Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.5. just 用于句中, 表示“刚刚”Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?6. before用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. since和for的用法1.for +一段时间Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.2. since + (表示过去某一时间的)时间点/从句(一般过去时)Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注意：对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用。Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. Exercises（2）v 1. I _(have) lunch already.v 2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?v 3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.v 4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v 5. The twins _(see) my father just now.五、区分短暂性动词与延续性动词. 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种短暂性的， (也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词)，如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它在现在完成时中不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.() ?Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.(). I left Shanghai three days ago. () It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.()初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有: leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等。短暂性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget marriedput onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reach六、Have/has gone to、have/has been to 、have/has been in的区别:v have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；v have/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语; v have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 Exercises（3）用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空1. Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I .2. What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.七、一般过去时与现在完成时之比较1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只是陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如： He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如： Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿教书已经十五年了。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续） I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年书。（表示“我”现在已经不在这儿任教了）八、强调一个句型:It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 和段时间+has passed+ since从句的转换eg. It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.Exercises（4）1、His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined C. has been in2、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun B. has been on C. Began3、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . Will4、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went C. has been5、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to6、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever7、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before 8、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing B.wrote C.has written9、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better 10、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied拓展提升：Exercise 用动词的适当形式填空。I am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_ (play) football on the playground. Last we