Unit 8 First aid.doc

Unit 8 First aid，考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语aid；drown；bleed；ink；wire；container；electrical；upside；scream；calm；tip；slight；chest；wound；recovery；blanket；motorcycle；sudden；bite；tap；loose；explanation；flashlight; first aid；upside down；keep in mind；roll over；in honour of；in case of句型Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more. 情态动词+have +done sth.的用法。When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people turn off all power in their homes, streets and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man. in+ n. + of 的用法The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with all emergency is to stay calm. keep in mind 的相关用法语法：虚拟语气（） 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握aid；drown；bleed；ink；wire；container；electrical；upside；scream；calm；tip；slight； wound；recovery； sudden；bite；tap；loose；explanation；flashlight; first aid；upside down；keep in mind；roll over；in honour of；in case of等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握情态动词+have +done sth.的用法；in+ n. + of 的用法；keep in mind 的相关用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. Talk about first aid and medicine.aidaid n.帮助，援助She came to my aid. 她会帮助我。He should be able to read this without the aid of a dictionary.他应当能够不用字典就读懂这个。aid v. 帮助，援助，支援 ；有助于She made no effort to aid Sophia.她根本不去帮助索菲娅。A good dictionary can aid language learning.一部好词典有助于语言学习。相关归纳：(1)with the aid of sb. = with sb.s aid在某人的帮助下With the aid of a neighbor, he managed to put out the fire.他在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了。(2)in aid of为了帮助(或救济).The collection is in aid of the blind.这笔募集的捐款是用来救济盲人的。(3)aid sb. to do sth.= aid sb. inwith帮助某人去做I aided her to continue her study. = I aided her in continuing her study. 我帮助她继续做研究。Your advice aided her to succeed. 你的忠告使她取得了成功。（4）do/give/offer first aid to sb. 对某人施行急救He hurt his arm during the volleyball match, and some of us gave him first aid.他在排球赛中胳膊受伤了，我们几个人对他进行了急救。2. If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.catch fire：着火The house caught fire. 房子着火了。相关归纳：（1）（be）on fire着火When he arrived, he found the house was still on fire.他到的时候，发现那幢房子还在烧。（2）make a fire生火They made a fire to keep warm. 他们生火取暖。（3）start/light a fire点火They started a fire to be seen by the rescuing team.他们点火好让援救队看见。（4）put out the fire扑灭大火The fire had been put out before the firemen arrived.消防队员还未赶到大火就被扑灭了。（5）set.on fire/set fire to纵火，放火烧The Japanese set fire to his house.日本人烧了他的家。（6）play with fire玩火Those who play with fire burn themselves.玩或者自焚。（7）be out意为“火灭”,表示状态，主语为fire。3. The car was upside down and the driver was bleeding and screaming.upside down（1） adv. 颠倒的，翻到过来的。Dont hold the box upside down. 不要拿倒了盒子。The picture was hung upside down. 那幅照片挂倒了。(2) upside down adv. 杂乱地，混乱地，乱七八糟地。The naughty boy turned a room upside down. 这个淘气的孩子把房子弄得乱七八糟。Everything in the room was turned upside down. 房间里的一切被弄得乱七八糟。bleed 的用法：派生词：blood n. 血，血液bloody adj. 血染的，出血的bloodless adj. 不流血的，无伤亡的(1) bleed vt./vi. 出血，流血了；放血；引申义为“为国家、正义等流血、牺牲”。Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.从前医生常常给病人放血。If you cut your finger, it will bleed.如果你割破手指，它就会流血。(2) bleed vt. (对人)勒索、敲诈钱财The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had.勒索者把他的钱榨得一干二净。相关归纳：（1）bleed for （为事业、祖国）负伤或牺牲；难过Well never forget those who bled for the revolution.我们永远不会忘记为革命献身的人们。My heart bleeds for those poor unhappy children.对那些不幸的穷孩子我心里感到很难过。（2）bleed sb（for sth） 向某人勒索（钱财等）He was bled for every penny he had. 他的钱被榨得一干二净。（3）bleed to death 流血过多而死He was slowly bleeding to death.他正慢慢流血而死。4. People who have witnessed an accident often wish that the difference between life and death.witness 的用法：目击；作.的证人；见证（是.的发生地点）I witnessed the traffic accident.我目睹了那次交通事故。The two servants witnessed Mr. Smiths will.两个仆人在史密斯先生的遗嘱上签名作证。The year 1849 witnessed a great war in Hungary.一八四九年匈牙利发生了一场大战。注意：（1）作“见证”时可以等于see The 1980s witnessed/ saw great changes in China.二十世纪八十年代见证了中国巨大的变化。（2）witness to sth./doing sth. “为什么作证”该短语中的to是介词He witnessed to having seen the man steal the money. 他作证说看到那个男人偷了钱。5. The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with all emergency is to stay calm.keep sth. in mind 记住，把记在心里I hope you will keep in mind what I am saying.我希望你把我所说的话记在心里。相关归纳：(1)be out of ones mind 发狂，发疯You must be out of your mind if you think Im going to lend you money.如果你以为我会借给你钱，那么你一定是疯了。(2)bring/call to mind 想起I know her face but I cant call her name to mind.我认得她，但我想不起她的名字了。(3)keep ones mind on sth. 继续专心于Keep your mind on your job.专心做你的工作。(4)take sbs mind off sth . 使不再思考或担忧某事Hard work always takes your mind off domestic problems.工作一劳累就使人不再想着家庭问题了。(5)make up ones mind 作出决定Ive made up my mind to be a doctor.我决心当医生。(6)change ones mind 改变决定或意见Nothing will make me change my mind.任何事情都不能使我改变主意。(7)to my mind依我看来To my mind you are wrong.在我看来你错了。6. If we know how to respond, we can save lives.respond 的用法：派生词：response n. 回答，响应responder n. 回答者，响应者responsible adj. 有责任的，可靠的responsibility n. 责任，职责（1）vi.作答，回答，作出反应；响应Has she responded to your letter?她有没有回过你的信?The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。（2）vt. respond + that-clause回答说The doctor responded that he could not tell the name 0f the disease. 医生回答说他无法说出疾病的名字。相关归纳：（1）respond to对.有反应The disease failed to respond to drugs.这种疾病经药物治疗后未见好转。（2）in response to 回答；回应He opened the door in response to a knock.他应敲门声而开了门。（3）a sense of responsibility 责任感He has a strong sense of responsibility.他有一个很强的责任感。（4）take the responsibility for 负起的责任 Lets take the responsibility for helping the poor.让我们担负起帮助穷人的责任。（5）be responsible for 对负责。Who will be responsible for the matter?谁将为这次事件负责？7. save ones life 救某人的命save 的用法：（1）救,挽救；保全The doctor saved the childs life.这位医生挽救了孩子的生命。save ones honorreputation 保全名誉；save ones face 保全面子；save the situation 挽回局面（2）节省,省去;避免The computer will save us a lot of time.电将使我们省下许多时间。These robots will save us a lot of labor.这些机器人可以节省我们大量劳工。（4）保留He promised to save a room for me.他答应给我留个房间。相关归纳：（1）save sb. from sth. He saved me from drowning.他救了我,使我免遭溺死。（2）save sb. sth. 省去某人的劳力、时间、花费等Will you do the shopping for me? Itll save me a trip. 替我买点东西好吗?这样我就省走一趟了。（3）save up 储蓄金钱It took me a year to save up for a new car.我花了整整一年的时间才存下足够的钱买一辆新车。8. If a person is bleeding, we should cover the wound with a clean piece of cloth and press on the wound to stop the bleeding.cover的用法：（1）用东西覆盖，遮盖，常与with搭配。 She covered her face with her hands and was sweeping. 她以手掩面在哭泣。(2) 行走一段距离，通常不用被动语态。 We covered about 30 miles a day.我们每天大约走三十英里。(3) 看完若干页书。How many pages have you covered? 你已读了多少页书?(4) 新闻记者采访、报道。Jack covered the Gulf War for CNN then.杰克当时替美国有线新闻电视网报导海湾战争。 (5) 包含;适用于These regulations cover such cases.这些规定适用于这类情况。His reading covers a wide range of subjects.他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。(6)占地多少，面积多大。 The forest cover 1 000 mu.这片森林有1000亩面积。（7）（钱)足够付Is the money sufficient to cover the tuition?这笔钱付学费够吗?（8）cover up(完全)盖住，遮住，裹住；掩盖He had forgotten to have the machine covered up.他忘了把机器盖起来。How can you cover up your mistake?你怎么能把自己的错误掩盖起来呢?9. Shell be all right.all right(1)作表语意思是“安全的；(健康)良好的；正确的”She was ill for a month, but shes all right now.她病了一个月,但现在好了。Your answer is all right.你的回答正确。(2)单独作答语表示赞成或同意Can you call me up tonight? - All right. 今晚给我打电话好吗? 好呀!(3) Thats all right=Its an right对道歉、感谢的回答，没关系，不客气。- Sorry, Im late. 对不起，我迟到了。- Thats all right没关系。 - Thanks a lot. 真感谢你。- Thats all right.不客气。10. When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people turn off all power in their homes, streets and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.in honour of 为纪念，为向表示敬意A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。 相关归纳：(1)in sbs /sths honor 出于对的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会(2)for the honor of. (为了荣誉)He will try his best for the honor of his school.他会为学校的荣誉而努力。(3)in memory of (为了纪念)The statue was built in memory of Mr. LuXun.这个雕塑是为纪念鲁迅先生而建的。(4)in praise of 歌颂The teacher spoke in praise of those students who helped each other.老师表扬了那些互相帮忙的学生。(5)in favour of 赞同They are in favour of the plan.他们支持这个计划。(6)in place of 代替Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。(7)in explanation of 解释what would you say in explanation of your absence?你要说什么来解释你的缺席。(8)in celebration of 庆祝they will hold a party in celebration of the success.他们即将举行一场舞会来庆祝胜利。(9)in charge of 负责An experienced mechanic is in charge of the job.一位有经验的机械师负责这工作。(10)in possession of 拥有Who is in possession of this pen?谁拥有这枝钢笔?(11)in search of搜查，寻找He went in search of a doctor for his sick wife.他去为他生病的妻子找医生。12. Dealing with common mon 的用法：普通的，常见的；共同的，共有的Smith is a very common last name in England.在英国史密斯是很常见的姓。Common interests bind us together.共同的利益使我们结合在一起。Those two have something in common.两者有共同之处。In common with most American people, he enjoys football.他与大多数美国人一样,喜欢橄榄球运动。注意common ordinary general normal 的区别： (1)common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”， Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。(2)ordinary=average强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”， His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。(3)general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”， This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。(4)normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, the normal temperature of the human body人的正常体温13. If the person is conscious and breathing, try to get him or her to spit out any poison that may still be in the mouth.conscious（1）神志清醒的,有知觉的。其反义词为unconsciousShe may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。（2）意识到的,觉察到的。be conscious of 意识到Are you conscious of your faults? 你没发觉自己的缺点吗?be conscious that-clause 意识到I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.我突然意识到有人在看着我。I was conscious that I was mistaken. 我意识到我错了。概念提示重点/热点1：虚拟语气(1)if的省略如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were, had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.(2)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。Why didnt you attend the party yesterday? I would/should have, but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didnt like this job. You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）(3)混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday, who could give us a lecture now?If you had reviewed the lesson, you would answer the question now.(4)含蓄条件句与主句即用without(but for),or(else)代替if从句。Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.there hadnt beenwe hadnt got If his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress. 易混易错点1： If a person is bleeding badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.badly adv. (1)坏地，不好地，拙劣地，其反义词是well。She sings badly.她唱得不好。(2) 严重地;厉害地My back hurts badly.我的背疼得厉害。I was badly injured in the accident. 那次意外事故我伤得很重。(3)表示程度时，意为“非常，很”，通常与need，want等词连用。He wants to go abroad badly. 他很想出国。The car is badly in need of repair. 汽车急需修理。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest解析：考查 stop 的用法。stop to do 表示“停下来做另外一件事情”；stop doing sth 则表示“停止做原来的事情”。从上下文看应该选用to do sth。答案：C2. Washington, a state in the United State, was named _ one of the greatest American president.A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of变式1. We all know Jackson , _a museum will be built next week.A. in honor of which B. in honor of him C. in his honour D. in whose honour解析：题意为：城市华盛顿是为了纪念总统而命名的。instead of “反而是”，by means of“借助的方式”，in favor of “赞成”，它们都与题意不符。答案：A变式1. 如果选C或B 的话前后两个句子缺少连词，也就是说该题是一个考查定语从句的练习题，A 应该改为in honor of whom. 所以答案为：D3. I have tried to keep his advice in _ when writing this book. A. head B. heart C. mind D. brain变式1.We should keep _ in mind that grasping a foreign language is of great importance.A. it B. 不填 C. this D. which解析：3. 考查短语keep sth. in mind “记住，把记在心里”所以答案为：C 变式1. 考查短语keep sth. in mind不过该题把真正的宾语后置而采用it 作形式主语的用法。所以答案为：A4. We will _ a chance on the weather and have the party outdoors. A. take B. try C. get D. make变式1.The chance is _ it is going to rain soon because the sky is covered with clouds. A. it B. 不填 C. this D. that解析：4. 考查固定短语take a chance 冒险作某事。答案：A 变式1. 考查句型”the chance is that从句”答案：D5. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. mustC. wouldnt D. cant变式1. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldntC. mustnt D. neednt变式2. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far his coats still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt解析：5. 根据下文“否则他在海边没法玩得痛快。”可以推出上一句“他本应该要完成他的工作。”should have done表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该做了(但事实上没做)”。答案：A 变式1. “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来表示否定的推测则用cant / couldnt have done。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能大于六岁。所以答案为:B变式2. “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来表示否定的推测则用cant / couldnt have done。本句译为：他一定没有走远。所以答案为:C课后题：1. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 2.Do remember；always keep in time of danger.A. stillB. quietC. silentD. calm3.At this point I cant undertake to accept your suggestion, but I will keep it .A. on mindB. to mindC. off mindD. in mind4.The last half of the nineteenth century the steady improvement in the means of travel.A. has witnessedB. was witnessedC. witnessedD. is witnessed答案：1.B 该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意，所以应填shouldnt have left。2.D 题意为：危险时一定要保持镇静。故选D。3.D keepin mind“记住”，固定搭配。4.C witness与主语是主动关系，故选C。课后练习题A组：1.I when I found the house was on fire.A. was in a panicB. caused a panicC. at panic stationsD. got into a panic2.I offered to help him，but he didnt .A. respondB. respond toC. respond forD. response to3.If you save now，youll be able to buy a car soon.A. thatB. fromC. upD. out4.The old man five miles an hour yesterday.A. walkB. coveredC. walkingD. took5.When you come to the fence，you can see a notice there saying“ the grass”.A. putting up；keep offB. put up；keep offC. putting up；keep awayD. put up；keep out6.There will be a party tonight honour of our new manager.A. on B. forC. atD. in7.He is off，that is，he is very poor.A. badlyB. badC. wellD. good8.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen9.We should urge the United Nations to these states to stop nuclear tests immediately.A. call uponB. call upC. call atD. call in10.Tom insisted what he said true and we insisted that he and have a look.A. be；should goB. should be；would goC. was；goD. was；would go1. D A意为“在惊慌中”，表状态；“引起惊慌”；不能作谓语；只有“陷入恐慌状态”，符合题意。2. A respond意为“回答，响应”，后面没有宾语，据题意“我提出要帮助他，但他没作反应”可知答案。3. C save that“除了”；savefrom“从中救出”；save up“积攒”；此处意为“如果你从现在攒钱，不久你就能买车了”。4. B walk“走过”，此处时态不对；walking不能作谓语；took搭配不当；covered此处为“走完，行走”符合题目要求。5. B put up是过去分词短语作宾补；keep off the grass意为“勿踏草地”。6. D “为了纪念”应用in honour of短语。7. A be badly off意为“生活穷困”，与后面“he is very poor”相对应。而be well off意为“富裕”。8. B 后半个句子中it为形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it = but whether they will enjoy it remains to be seen，意为“有待于，等待”。9. A call on (upon) sb. to do sth.“号召某人做某事”；call u