初中英语宾语从句的用法.doc

教学目标：1.掌握宾语从句的语序。2.掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。3.掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。教学重点、难点： 宾语从句的语序。引导宾语从句的各种连词。宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。教学过程：一、宾语从句的定义： 宾语从句就是作（及物动词、介词或某些形容词）宾语的部分是由句子来充当。因此把这样的句子（含有从句）叫做复句。引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类,即:表示陈述语气用that , 表示一般疑问语气含有“是否,能否”的意思whether 和if引导表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词的宾语. 例如：1. He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. (动宾)2、I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes.（动宾） 3、The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.（介宾）4、Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams. (形宾)二、过好“三关”学习宾语从句：（一）过引导词关1、连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如： He knows that Jim will work hard. 连接代词who, whom, which等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 2、由that引导的宾语从句，如：I dont know (that )Tom was late again I am afraid (that) it would rain soon 注意1:引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。（1）and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。如：Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（2）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（3）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。如：We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.注意2:若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.如：He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away.I consider it necessary that he should do it again.注意3: 否定转移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。如： I dont think you are right.I dont believe that they have finished their work. I dont think he cares, does he?3、由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句：whether和if都有“是否”的意思。如： I dont know whether / if he will agree with me. He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework. 注意1：在动词不定式之前只能用whether如： I cant decide whether to stay.注意2：在whether or not 的固定搭配中 如：I want to know whether its good news or not . 注意3：在介词后，只能用whether如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work .注意4：条件状语从句不能用whether引导,如：Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 oclock.4、由特殊疑问词(wh)引导(要注意用陈述语气)如：He asked me,“Where is Mr. Wang?”-He asked me where Mr. Wang was.（二）、过语序关 做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。如：1、Tom said. He is reading a book. Tom said that he was reading a book.2、He asks me. Are they playing a game? He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.3、Where is the hospital? He told me. He told me Where the Hospital was. 注意:当who在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”顺序,所以就不再变了.如：I want to know. Who will come tomorrow? I want to know whoill come tomorrow. (三)、过时态关 宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致（也有特殊情况），宾语从句的时态往往被忽视，希望能引起我们的注意。从下面三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态。1、当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时，从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意一种时态。2、当主句的时态为一般过去时宾语从句的时态要与原句相对应的过去的时态（带“过去”两个字）。3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。三、宾语从句的特殊语序问题 在“Do you think /believe/suppose-?等”结构中，宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的，则要用“疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常语序？” 如：What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?四、否定转移问题 在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义，一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的（意义）谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如：1、I dont think he will come.2、I dont think he will come, will he? 3、I think he will come, wont he?五、宾语从句的简化 1、当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。如：Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua hopes to be back soon. 2、当know, learn, remember, forget等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。 如：I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say.3、当tell, learn, show, teach等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how I can get there? (句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为：Could you tell me how to get there?4、动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来简化，