Washington Irving华盛顿 欧文.doc

Washington Irving：Founder of American Literature美国文学之父华盛顿欧文Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 November 28, 1859) is one of the earliest romantic writers in American known for his sketches, short stories and biographies, Irving is the first U.S. author to achieve international renown. 华盛顿欧文生于1783年4月3日，死于1859年11月28日，他是美国最早的浪漫主义作家之一，他以笔记、小说和传记而闻名，是第一位获得国际声誉的美国作家。Absorbing the cream of European culture and literature, Irving created his unique style that is fresh, natural, humorous and musical. With his short stories and success in many other fields, Irving has made great contributions to the development of independent American literature. It is Irving who activated the potential of American literature and laid solid foundations for its future development. As a famed essayist, biographer, historian, writer and politician, Washington Irving is often considered as “The Father of American Literature” or “The Father of American Letters,” as well as one of the inventors of the modern short essay and fiction. 欧文汲取欧洲文化和文学的精华，创造了自己独特的风格，其文笔清新、自然、诙谐、富于乐感。欧文在短篇小说等诸多方面为独立的美国文学做出了巨大贡献，可以说，是欧文激活了美国文学的创作潜力，为美国文学的发展奠定了坚实基础。作为一名享有声誉的随笔作家、传记作者、历史学家、作家和政治家，华盛顿欧文被誉为“美国文学之父”，同时他也是现代短篇散文、小说的发起人之一。He is best known for his short stories The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. A History of New York is generally considered as the first important contribution to American comic literature, and a great popular success from the start. It is also taken as the mark of the beginning of American Romanticism. The work brought Irving considerable fame and financial reward. His historical works include Life of Washington, Oliver Goldsmith and Mahomet and His Successors, and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus, the Moors, and the Alhambra. 欧文以他的短篇故事“睡谷的传说”和“瑞普凡温克”而闻名，这两个故事都被收录在见闻札记一书中。纽约外史对美国喜剧文学有着首次并及其重要的贡献，一经面世就获得极大成功，对于促进美国民族文学的发展有着重要的贡献，这部作品被认为美国浪漫主义的开端。这些给欧文带来相当大的声誉和经费报酬。他的历史作品包括华盛顿传、哥尔德斯密斯传和穆罕默德及其继承者，他的传记类作品也包括关于十五世纪西班牙主题的历史人物，例如哥伦布、摩尔人和阿尔罕伯拉。On the whole, Irvings works have given great enjoyment to generations of readers. He is most known for the anecdotal, relaxed style, often imitated for its gracefulness and the warm, gentle nostalgic tone of his narratives. Irvings popular but elegant style, and the ease and picturesque fancy of his best work attracted an international audience. His literary achievements can be summarized as follows:总体来说，欧文的作品带给世代读者极大的享受。他因幽默风趣的轶事笔调，轻松的文体风格而闻名，文笔优雅自然、带有温和的怀旧色调。除了优雅的风格，他也因轻松、清新精致、和富于幻想的浪漫色彩吸引了国内外观众。他的文学成就可以概括为以下几点： (1) He is the first belletrist in American literature and the first American literary humorist.(2) He has probably made short stories a genre in American literature.(3) He is the first to write history and biography as entertainment.(4) He has introduced nonfiction prose as a literary genre.(5) He is the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame.1、他是美国文学史上第一个纯文学作者，也是美国第一个幽默作家。2、他成就了美国文学短篇小说体裁。3、他是第一个以娱乐消遣为目的写历史和传记的人。4、他引进非小说的散文文学体裁。5、他是第一个获得国际声誉的美国想象文学作家。Key word:American Romanticism：The Romantic Period in the history of American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War, which started with the publication of Washington Irvings The Sketch Book and ended with Whitmans Leaves of Grass. In this period, a new emphasis was placed upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, the supernatural and remote past was fostered, and an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters was paid, and above all, the individual and the common man was exalted. 美国浪漫主义文学：美国浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末,到内战爆发为止, 是美国文学史上最重要的时期。华盛顿欧文出版的见闻札记标志着美国浪漫