高中定语从句课件一[1].ppt

定语从句 一 定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面 由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的词叫先行词 一 定语从句的基本定义 TheboywhoisreadingisTom 先行词 关系代词 Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks 先行词 关系副词 二 关系词的分类 关系代词 2 关系副词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语和定语 常用的关系代词有 that which who whom whose 关系副词在定语从句中作状语 常用的关系副词有 when where why 二 关系词的分类 三 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1 关系代词的基本用法 三 1 关系代词的基本用法 who指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Theman who Italkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief whom指人 在定语从句中作宾语 可省略 Theman whom InoddedtoisMr Li who whom which指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinJapan which Heistheman that Itoldyouabout that指人或物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly that whose指人或物 在定语从句中作定语 不可省略 Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake whose 2 关系代词的用法注意点 1 that和which都可以指物 但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which 当先行词中有人又有物时 如 Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 2 关系代词用法注意点 1 只能用that不能用which的5种情况 当先行词为不定代词all one few little no some any everything nothing nobody none等时 如 ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool 当先行词被only just very right last等修饰时 如 ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays 当先行词被最高级修饰时 如 TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity 当先行词被序数词修饰时 如 ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten 2 that和who都可以指人 但下面两种情况 多用who 2 用who不用that的情况 先行词为all anyone one ones等时 如 Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited 先行词为those he和people时 如 Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语 如 Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich 或 ofwhich the 名词 如 Thenovelwhosetitle thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle isRedandBlackisveryinteresting whose引导的定语从句 其先行词既可以指人也可以指物 whose的先行词指人时 可用ofwhom代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhom 或 ofwhom the 名词 如 Theboywhosemother themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother isadoctorismyfriend 4 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致 如 Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday 4 从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld that 2 Thedressisnew Sheiswearingit Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew that 1 Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld Wemetheryesterday 巩固练习 1 用定语从句合并句子 巩固练习1 用定语从句合并句子 3 Heisthekindperson Ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 Thisisthebestfilm Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith whomthat ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen 1 Thegirl isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter 2 Thegirl ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger 3 Thegirl motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell 4 Ican tfindthebook isborrowedfromthelibrary 5 Ican tfindthebook youlenttome who that who whom that whose which that that which 巩固练习 2 用适当的关系词填空 巩固练习2 用适当的关系词填空 四 介词 which whom引导的定语从句 1 介词的选用原则 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars 四 介词 which whom 引导的从句 1 介词选用原则 2 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere 2 当介词放在关系代词前面时 关系代词只能用whom 指人 或which 指物 且关系代词不能省略 Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor Ican tfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting 2 介词位于关系代词前 关系代词的使用 3 当介词位于定语从句末尾时 可用which that 指物 who whom that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语 而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 whom who that which that Dadisaperson Icaneasilytalkto Isthistheplay youweretalkingaboutjustnow 3 介词位于句末 关系代词的使用 4 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前 如 Thisisthewatch that which Iamlookingfor Thebabies who whom that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy 4 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用 介词 which和介词 whom 1 Thefarmweworkedtenyearsagoisn twhatitusedtobe 2 Heisthemanyoucanturnforhelp 3 Thisisthetreeweusedtoplaygames onwhich towhom underwhich 4 Thesungivesusheatandlight wecan tlive 5 Thestudent weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass 6 I llneverforgettheday shesaidgoodbyetome 7 Whocangivemethereason hehasn tturnedupyet withoutwhich aboutwhom onwhich forwhich 5 介词 关系代词 结构引导非限制性定语从句 一般有以下几种结构 1 名词 介词 关系代词 Theyliveinahouse thedoorofwhichfacessouth 4 介词 关系代词 引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构 2 代词 介词 关系代词 Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom allofwhomareworkinghard 3 数词 介词 关系代词 LastSundayIboughtfourbooksfromthebookstore threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels 4 形容词比较级 最高级 介词 关系代词 Chinahasthousandsofislands thelargestofwhichisTaiwan 关系副词when where why 在下列短文中分别填入where when why Iworkedinamachineryfactory Iworkedforthreeyears Theyear Iwas19yearsoldwasveryimportanttome Iwasadmittedtoacollege IlearnedEnglish Thereason IchosetolearnEnglishisquitesimple Ilikeit where when where why Who which that whose where when why 1 Thegirl isoverthereismyfriend 2 Thepen heboughtyesterdayisgood 3 Thedays weusedforeignoilhasgone 4 Istillrememberthedays wespenttogether 5 Theplayground weoftendoexercisesiswettoday 6 Istillworkinthefactory youvisitedlastyear 7 Now pleasedotheexercisesinthebook coverisred 8 Idon tknowthereason hedoesn tlikeit who that which that x when which that x where onwhich which that x whose why forwhich 综合练习 五 关系副词when where和why的用法 五 关系副词的基本用法 用关系副词when时 先行词指时间 when在定语从句中作时间状语 when可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Istillrememberthedaywhen onwhich IfirstcametoNanjing Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen inwhich WorldWar brokeout 1 when 1 when 用关系副词where时 先行词指地点 where在定语从句中作地点状语 where可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Thisisthefarmwhere onwhich weworkedwhenwewereyoung Theschoolwhere inwhich hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity 2 where 2 where 用关系副词why时 先行词指原因 why在定语从句中作原因状语 why可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Thereareseveralreasonswhy forwhich theboysshouldbepunished Tomcouldn tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy forwhich hewaslateforschool 3 why 3 why 4 关系副词的用法注意点 1 当先行词为time 表示 次数 时 应用关系词that或省略 如 Thisisthefirsttime that thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry 2 当point situation case等词作先行词表示 情况 境地 场合 等意思时 其后常由where引导定语从句 where在句中作状语 如 Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused 4 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 October1 1949wastheday Chinawasfounded 2 Beijingistheplace Icame 3 Isthisthereason hedidn twanttoseeme when onwhich where fromwhich why forwhich 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 4 Isthistheroom wewerelivinglastwinter 5 Thedaysaregone weused foreignoil 6 Yesterday wehadameeting wediscussedmanyproblems where inwhich when duringwhich atwhich where 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 Theroom heoncelivedisstillthere Theroom Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother where inwhich that which 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 2 Iwillneverforgettheday Imetyou Iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether when onwhich that which Thereason Idon tknowisknowntohim that which why forwhich 3 Thereason Idon tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime 特例 先行词是theway 意为 方式 方法 时 引导定语从句的关系词用that inwhich或省略 Ididn tliketheway shetalkedtome Theway heteachesEnglishisinteresting that inwhich that inwhich 5 先行词为theway 关系词的使用 六 非限制性定语从句 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然完整或清楚 它和主句之间的关系比较松散 因此常用逗号隔开 Mywatch whichisveryold stoppedagain 六 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切 若省去 主句的意思就不明确 主从句之间不用逗号隔开 而非限制性定语从句则不然 试比较 ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread Thisisagoodbook whichiseasytounderstand 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 2 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词 而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词 也可以是部分或整个主句的意思 此时 一般用关系代词as或which引导 4 在非限制性定语从句中 不能省略关系代词 而在限制性定语从句中则可以 3 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导 而非限制性定语从句则不能 3 关系代词as which引导非限制定语从句时的区别 1 as和which都可指主句的整个意思 而不是主句中的某一个词 as引导的非限制性定语从句 既可在主句前 又可在主句后 有时还可插入主句中 而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后 如 3 as which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect Asisknowntoall themoontravelsroundtheearth 2 as多用于下列习惯用语中 asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的asisoftenthecaseasisreportedinthenewspaper 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 Peoplewhotakephysicalexercisel