Uint3Underthesea导学案.doc

Uint3 Under the sea 导学案 Words and expressions1 .witnessn.目击者；证人；证据vt.当场见到；目击One witness to the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.事故的一位目击者说司机看上去好像喝醉了. His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.他证明看到那个人进了房间。Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。2 .flee(fled，fled)vi.& vt.逃走，逃避；消失，消散He fled to London after an argument with his family.他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。He was caught trying to flee the country._他试图逃离该国时被抓住。_Why does he always flee any kind of responsibility ?他为什么总是逃避任何责任？His hopes fled when he lost the election. _当他落选时，他的希望就破灭了。即境活用The thieves have already_the city，so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.Afled Brun away Cescaped Dgot rid of选A。表示“逃离某地”时，run away和escape后需加from，get rid of则不合句意。3 .abandonvt.遗弃；抛弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵，使听任n放任；放纵Rescuers abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors of the crash.援救人员完全放弃了会再找到坠机生还者的希望。_We must urge people who smoke to abandon the habit._我们必须敦促吸烟的人戒烟。Hong Zhanhui brought up a girl abandoned by her parents._洪战辉抚养了一个被父母遗弃的女孩。The match was abandoned because of bad weather._比赛因天气恶劣而取消了。即境活用那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了，后来有人发现那个被抛弃的孩子在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。The child _ _ by his parents.Eventually the _ boy was found wandering in the street，_ himself to despair.答案：was abandoned；abandoned；abandoning4 .urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策Katys family urged her to find another job._凯蒂的家人催促她去找另一份工作。The report urged that all children be taught to swim._这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work. _他向学生们力言努力学习的重要性。_即境活用我极力主张应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再发生。I urged that we_ _ _to prevent such things happening again.答案：take immediate action 5 .reflectvt.映射，反射 vi.& vt.思考When the suns rays hit the earth，a lot of the heat is reflected back into space.太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.我们的报纸旨在表达当地人们的心声。Before I decide， I need time to reflect.在我决定前，我需要时间认真考虑。After long reflection we decided to buy that house.经过长时间的慎重考虑，我们决定买下那所房子。 (1)肖恩对祖国的爱在他最近出版的诗歌里反映出来。Seans strong love for his country is _ in his recently published poems.答案：reflected(2)你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败.You should set aside some time to _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：reflect on your successes and failures4. drag vt6 .help(.)out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境When I bought the house，my sister helped me out with a loan.我买这所房子时，我姐姐借给了我一笔钱解了急。As he is my best friend，when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out. 因为他是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。 He couldnt help to wash the clothes.他不能帮忙洗衣服。即境活用(1)My father has often _ me _ when Ive been a bit short of money.Asent；outBdriven；off Chelped；out Dpulled；in解析：选C。考查短语辨析。help sb.out帮助某人摆脱困境。(2)The passengers had a chat with the college students_as conductors during the summer vacation.Ahelp out Bhelped out Cto help out Dhelping out解析：选D。本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作后置定语表示一个将要发生的动作，过去分词表示一个已经发生了的被动的动作，故B、C两项不符合题意。句意：旅客们同那几个在暑假临时帮忙充当列车员的大学生聊天。7. become aware of 对知道、明白、意识到Most people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking.大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。We are not aware(of) what he is longing for. _我们不知道他在渴望什么。即境活用Most parents are not _ the danger of their babieseating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.Awell aware toBvery aware of Caware that Dwell aware ofGrammar：现在分词的被动Revision观察下列句子，分析句中现在分词分别做什么成分。1.Swimmingisgoodforhealth.2.Teachingislearning.教学相长3.Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.4.Wewouldappreciatehearingfromyou我们会珍惜你的来信。5. Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。6.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.正在学走路的小孩子经常摔着。7.Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.在这儿工作的男人都来自乡村地区。8.Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.9.Knowingthathewastired,Itoldhimtohavearest.10.Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.11.Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest.12.Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.13.Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.14.Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadannovel.15.Nothavingreceivedareply,hewenttherehimself.复习总结：1.动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指玩火） Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.（指一具体动作）2.Itsnouse(good)doingsth. Itsawasteof timedoingsth. it作形式主语,只用V-ing,不用不定式。 Itis+adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth. Itisnousecryingoversplitmilk.覆水难收。3.V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之,当主语是V-ing形式时，表语也用V-ing形式。 Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.4. 作宾语（如句4）， 在avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston,insteadof,lookforwardto,objectto,keepon等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。5.句13-15现在分词的完成形式主要用在_语中，表示动作在谓语动作之_发生 现在分词（ing-形式）的构成V-ing形式由“doing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。(1)作主语Beingofferedsuchajobwasgoodluck.被给予这样一份工作是好运气。 (2)作宾语 Theycouldntstandbeingtreatedlikethat他们不能忍受别人那样对待他们。 Shedoesntrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad她不记得曾给过她出国的机会。 Hewasafraidofbeingleftathome他害怕被留在家里。 Hecameinwithoutbeingasked没有让他进来,他就进来了。注意：在want，need，deserve，require，等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobedone。如：ThehousewantscleaningMywatchneedsrepairing Thewaydeservesmentioning Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully Thefilmisworthseeing (3) 作定语 Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory Thequestionsbeingdiscussedareofgreatimportance Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary. Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon. (4)作宾语补足语 Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere. Asweenteredthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt. (5)作状语 Havingbeenaskedtostay，Icouldntverywellleave人家请我留下，我就不好意思离开了。 Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance，howcouldyouletit slipaway?人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过? Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywellrefuse. 在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它 也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构 独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如： 1.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)2.Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)3.Weatherpermitting,wellhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)4.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours. 5.Thejobdone,wewenthome. 6.Thecompositionwritten,hehandedittotheteacher. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。Generallyspeaking,thenovelisnotveryinspiring. 总的来说，这部小说并不感人。 Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed. 从你说的情况看，他应能成功。语法练习：1._theexamwilldisappointyourparents.A.YoufailingB.YourfailingC.YoufailD.Youtofail.2._thesamemistakeagainmadehisparentsveryangry.A.HisbeingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Hismaking3.Idontthinkitsmuchgood_tohim.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.written4.Suchbooksarenotworthy_atall.A.ofbeingreadB.beingreadC.readingD.toread5.Itisnouse_withoutthrough_.A.toread;understoodB.reading;understandingC.toread;understandD.read;tounderstand6.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed7.Thelightintheofficeiss