冠词用法及近几年高考原题.docx

Articles (冠词)1、不定冠词用法A. 不定冠词基本用法不定冠词基本用法（2种情况）例子1、表示类别,指某一类人或物中的一个=any, 但比any要弱e.g. Her uncle is an engineer.2、指量：意思上相当于one，但比one要弱，意为“一个”，“每一个”e.g. I have an English book.three times a day.B. 不定冠词的其他用法（8种情况）不定冠词的其他用法（8种情况）例子1、用在某些物质名词前，表示“一种，一阵, 一场”e.g. What a heavy rain!2、抽象名词具体化，表示一个具体的人或物，可用不定冠词e.g. Yang Ming is a success.3、序数词前常加the, 但表示“又一个”时，则用不定冠词a(n)e.g. Can you give me a second chance?4、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加前常定冠词the；如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词a(n)e.g. a peaceful world a full moon5、表示季节、月份、日期、一日三餐的名词前一般不加冠词；如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词a(n)e.g. We had a wonderful supper.We had a cold winter last year.6、用在专有名词前a.表示“某一个”“一个名叫、的人”e.g. A Mr Wang b.表示与之相似的人、事或物e.g. a Kong Fanshenc.表示民族、社团、家庭的一员或某人的作品之一e.g. A Han/ a Miao 7、与形容词搭配a.不定冠词+形容词比较级+可数名词单数， 表示“更、的”e.g. This book is too dear for me. I want to look at a cheaper one.e.g. a most useful book (一本非常有用的书)b.不定冠词+形容词最高级，表示“非常”8、用在某些固定词组中e.g. once upon a time a bit (of) in a momentin a hurry keep an eye on a kind of once in a while a great deal of9.相同的”“同样的”Birds of a feather flock together.The two boys are of an age.10.用于同源宾语中Smile a forced smile sleep a sound sleepDream a sweet dream live a colorful life10.用于同源宾语中Smile a forced smile sleep a sound sleepDream a sweet dream live a colorful life11:表动作意义的名词前表示短暂、一次性的动作have a try have/take a break take/have a bathgive a shout take a walk2. 定冠词的用法A. 定冠词基本用法定冠词基本用法（2种情况）例子1、特指A.双方都知道的人或事和第二次出现的人和事物e.g. Dont beat the dog.b.指独一无二的自然现象、事物等，也用于表示方位、左右的名词之前e.g. the earth/ in the east the sky the air the earthc.用于形容词最高级前面；“最”表示特指的比较级前，“较、的一个”用于序数词前，表示“第几个”e.g. the best friend of mine. the better of the two books. the third month of the year.2、类指a.置于单数可数名词前，表示一类事物的总体概念e.g. The lion is found in Africa.b.+形容词，表示一类人或事物e.g. the young, the old,the British B. 定冠词的其他用法（9种情况）定冠词的其他用法（9种情况）例子1、 在乐器、艺术、文娱活动的名词必须用定冠词e.g. the guitar go to the cinema2、用在报刊、杂志、年代、朝代、时代等名词前e.g. the Readers Digest; the Tang Dynasty3、由普通名词和其他名词一起构成的专有名词，前加定冠词；用于某些表示江、河、海、海湾、岛、山、国家、地区、组织机构、建筑物、报刊等专有名词前。e.g. the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army; the Pacific Ocean ，the Great Wall,the West Lake, the Philippines,the Gulf of Mexico, the Taiwan Straitsthe Middle East, the United States4、用于only（唯一）,same（相同）, very（恰好）等形容词所修饰的名词前e.g. This is the very book I wanted.5、用在某些介词词组中，指代句中与宾语有关的身体的一部分e.g. I shot him in the head. catch the thief by the arm. cut himself in the hand hit myself on the head6、用于复数的姓氏前，表示夫妇二人或全家人e.g. The Smiths are watching TV now. 7、用在by+the+计量单位名词e.g. I have hired the car by the hour. I pay the rent by the month. Eggs are usually sold by the dozen.8、用于带有限定词修饰的名词前，表示特定人或事物e.g. the history of China the joy of my life. the young generation9、用在某些固定词组中e.g. on the other hand by the way on the air in the darkness on the weekend in the past on the street just the same break the law make the best use of10、特指意义的物质名词前要加定冠词How do you like the tea?The air in mountainous areas is nearly free of pollution.3、零冠词的用法零冠词基本用法（10种情况）例子a. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、复数可数名词前面（泛指）；表示人名、地名、国名、城市名（非普通名词）。e.g. We must tell friends from enemies.Money isnt everything.Failure is the mother of success.Trees can help clean the air.Beijing is the capital of China.b.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制；以及some, any, no ,each或 every 等代词作定语时e.g. Our school is not far from here.c. 表示季节、节日、月份、星期、一日三餐的名词前(泛指）常用零冠词，当谈论具体的季节，日期和中国传统节日时，常用定冠词。e.g. Womens Day, in springthe Spring Festival, We cant see very far in the dusk.d. 当man,mankind表示人类时，或 man（男人）和woman（女人）用以代表全体时和word表示“消息”或“通知”时。e.g. Man is stronger than woman.e. 球类、棋类、学科的名词前e.g. play basketball; play chess.F. 用在介词at/by后面表示时间及“by+交通工具/通讯工具”e.g. at noon/night; by bus/ traing. 表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时e.g. We will elect Mr Liu director of our factory.h.turn和go 作“变成，成为”解时，后面的名词前不加冠词e.g He turned teacher after graduation.i.在as或 though引导的让步状语从句中，其表语名词前不加冠词e.g. Student as he is, he knows a lot.j. 由kind of/ sort of/ type of 加名词时，该名词前不加冠词e.g. I like this kind of car.k. and连接的两个名词若表示相对应身份的人或物，则冠词常省略； 若表示一个事物具有两种特征或一个人兼有双重职位，则and后面的名词不加冠词，如果加冠词则表示两个人或事物; 两个同样的名词又并列连词或介词连接表示特定概念时，一般不加冠词。e.g. day after day, year after year, hand in hand, face to face day to day heart to heart4. 注意：1. 可数名词表类指时的三种形式 the+单数可数名词，表示一类事物的总体概念； e.g. The bike is every popular in China? a+单数可数名词，侧重类别中的任何一个; e.g. Even a woman can do it. 复数可数名词，侧重类别中的许多个体; e.g. Do you like horses?2. 有定冠词与无定冠词的区别 e.g. sit at table (吃饭) in charge of (某人负责、) out of question(毫无疑问) sit at the table (坐在桌子旁) in the charge of (由某人负责) out of the question(不可能) by day（在白天） in front of 在.(外部）的前面 in hospital (住院） by the day（按天计算） in the front of 在.(里面）的前面 in the hospital（在医院）3. 冠词的重复使用A. 两个或若干个并列的名词分别指不同的事物时，每个名词前分别用冠词；e.g. the teacher and the writer (那个老师和那个作家) 指两人当指同一事物时，一般只用一个冠词。e.g. a teacher and writer （一位老师兼作家） 指一人B. 有些名词出现时常被视为一体时，一般用一个冠词 e.g. a knife and fork 4. 冠词的位置（一般情况下，冠词在名词前面） A. 不定冠词的位置 a. 在what, such, many, rather, quite的后面 e.g. Many a boy likes football. b. 当可数名词单数前面的形容词被so, as, how, however, too等修饰时，不定冠词要放在形容词的后 面。 e.g I havent seen so interesting a film before. B. 定冠词的位置 和不定代词both, all 连用时，要后置;和quite half, twice, double, three times等连用时，一般也后置。 e.g. Both the answers are wrong. I paid double the price. It is three time the size of my room. 2014年高考冠词考查1. They chose Tom to be _ captain of the team because they knew he was _ smart leader.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a2. _ village where I was born has grown into _ town. A. The; aB. A; theC. The; theD. A; a3. Life is like _ ocean; only _ strong-willed can reach the other shore. A. an; theB. the; aC. the; /D. /; a. 4. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into _ night. A. a; theB the; /C. a; aD. /; the5. I can t tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village. A. the; aB. a; /C a; theD. the; /2013年高考冠词考查1. The“Chinese Dream” is _ dream to improve peoples well-being and _ dream of harmony, peace and development.A. the; aB. a; aC. a; theD. the; the2. Animals are obviously _ lower from of life than _ man.A. a; /B. the; theC. a; theD /; /3. It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; /4. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteen century. A. the; aB. a; /C. /; theD. the; the5. Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. A. a; aB. the; theC. /; theD. a; /6. India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle. A. /; aB. the; aC. an; /D. an; the7. People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning. A. a; anB. a; / C. /; theD. the; an8. The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee. A. a; /B. the; /C. the; an. a; an2012年高考冠词考查1. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填2. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _meat processing factory of his own one day. A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 3. Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A./,/ B. the,/ C the; the D./, the4. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a5. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a6. The Smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a 7. I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by _ evening the pain had gone.A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an8. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 9. The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 2011年高考冠词考查1. It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填2. As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a3. Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a4. Experts think that_recently discovered painting may be _Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a5. Dr.Peter Spencer headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A6. In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an7. As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填8. Its said John will be in a job paying over 60,000 _ year. Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a9. Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gi