决战2011高考英语专题讲义：补语.doc

决战2011高考英语专题讲义补语一、目标通过本章学习, 使学生了解主动语态句子中宾语补足语的概念、使用方法及被动语态中主语补足语的使用。二、重点和难点不定式、分词、形容词、名词及with sb./sth.+补语结构三、方法 1We mean that part of the sentence which stands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.2AAt the meeting we elected him monitor.把him与monitor扩展成一个句子则成为：He is a monitor.BWhat you said made Xiao Wang angry.把Xiao Wang与angry扩展成一个句子则成为：Xiao Wang is angry.3名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。4Nouns used as objective complements.Please do the following translations:A他们让他当会议主席。B我认为你弟弟是个聪明的孩子。C年轻的父亲给他的宝宝起名叫“强强”。D我认为这是撒谎。E你们选玲玲当经理了吗？5How many verbs can be followed the nouns used as by objective complements? And what are they?6形容词是否可以作宾补？请翻译下列句子：A我发现教室空无一人。B他们把丝绸染成红色。C别把布料裁得太短。D一切都准备好了吗？E这消息几乎令他发疯。7Generally speaking, the following can be followed by adjectives used as the objective complements: find, make, keep, cut, paint, push, drive, leave8副词APlease call the students back at once.BHe was seen to take his cap off.CIt was John who took the baby upstairs.DI joined the two pieces of wood together.EPlease keep yourselves off the grass.FWe wished the talk at an end.9副词作宾语补足语比较难于掌握, 对高中学生来说, 多用于理解, 而不强求会用。10不定式在高中阶段我们只学过如下九个及物动词后边的不定式作宾补省略to：let, make, have, feel, see, watch, hear, observe, notice, 从日常应用的角度看, 记住上边的九个动词基本就够用了。11Without“to”:AI cant have you say so.BYou should try your best to make him understand that.CI noticed the thief steal into the room.DWe observed the students do the physics experiment.EI felt my hands tremble.能够跟不定式作宾补的词很多, 我们应当在使用中注意积累。12现在分词作宾补have, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, 注意make后边不能跟现在分词作补语。13过去分词作宾补在 have, make, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, get后如： get ones hair cuthave ones hair cutmake oneself understood keep ones mouth shutfind the work done14上述凡能跟宾语补足语的动词, 当它们出现在被动语态的句子中时, 原来被称为宾语补足语的部分则被称为主语补足语。需要指出的一点是, 原来不定式作宾补省略to的动词变成被动语态时, to不能省。AWe call him Lao Wang.主 谓 宾 补He is called Lao wang.主 谓 主 补BWe made him copy the sentence.主 谓 宾 补He is made to copy the sentence.主 谓 主补CWe asked him to sing us a song.主 谓 宾 补He is asked to sing us a song.主 谓 补需要说明的地方是have sb. do sth.一般不用于被动语态。 let sb. do sth.一般情况下也不用被动语态。Students1What do you mean by the objective complement?2在一个句子中谓语动词是及物动词时, 后边必须跟宾语, 如果宾语后边仍有一个能与它构成逻辑上主谓关系的部分, 我们则称其为宾语补足语。CWe hear him singing in the hall.把him与singing扩展成一个句子则成为：He is singing.3什么可以在句子中作宾补？4AThey made him chairman of the meeting.BI think（consider） your brother a clever boy.CThe young father named his baby “Qiang-qiang.”DWe call this lying.EHave you elected Ling-ling manager?5They are: elect, make, name, call, think, consider6形容词也可以作宾补：AI found the classroom empty.BThey dyed the silk red.CDont cut the cloth too short.DHave you got everything ready?EThe news almost drove him mad.7间或我们还能见到这样的句子：Dont swallow it whole.I bought it cheap.也即是说swallow与buy后边也可跟形容词作宾补, 只是不常用罢了。8We use adverbs as well as prepositional phrases to be the objective complements less frequently than we use adjectives.A请叫这些学生们立即回来。B只见他脱下了帽子。C是John把孩子带上楼的。D我把两块木头接到了一起。E请你们不要践踏草地。F我们希望谈话快点结束。9We think it a bit difficult for us students to use adverbs to be the objective complements.10不定式作宾补分带to与不带to两种。因为在做练习时我们常见到这样的句子：We saw him enter the hall.I forced him to tell me the truth.另外help后边的不定式不论是作宾语还是作宾语补足语, to省与不省没有关系。11With“to”:AI believe him to be honest.BHe allowed me to use his car.CAll parents forbid their children to play with fire.DCan you get some students to help me with the work?EWhat caused the Second World War to break out?12AIts too cold inside, please keep the fire burning.BWhen I pushed the door open, I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 13AHe saw his face reflected in the water.BI heard it spoken of in the next room.CIll get it done in one day or two.DHow much will it cost to have it repaired ?EWe observed the door unlocked.14AHe is seen to stand up and go out.只见他站起来并走了出去。BHe was observed to open the window.有人见到他把窗子打开。CThe students were watched to play basketball.人们观看学生们打篮球。DAir can be felt to be exist if you blow to your hand.如果你对着手吹气, 就能感觉到空气的存在。EThey were encouraged to practise speaking English.人们鼓励他们练习讲英语。四、精选题1Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. Ato have studiedBto studyCto be studyingDto have been studying 2I saw the man _ down and the driver _ away. Aknocking； drivenBknock；driving Cknocked；drivingDknocked； drive3-Is t