现在分词和过去分词的用法区别.doc

选修八 Unit4 语法学案现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 （一）分词的作用现在分词可用于：构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. I saw many birds flying along the river. The story is very moving.过去分词可用于：构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. a boy named Tom I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. Im interested in English.（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分（2）找准逻辑主语（3）判断主、被动关系（4）选定现在或过去分词1. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing3. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written（四）分词作表语共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。 不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. The news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage2. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please3. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting（五）分词作宾语补足语共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying2. Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself _. A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. understands4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move（六）分词作状语共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said ，_ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing2. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 4The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied【模拟试题】I. 单项选择1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix3. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buyC. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy5. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs _for home buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design7. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved8. The teacher came into the classroom _by his students. A. following B. to be followingC. followed D. having followed9. With the money _, he couldnt buy any ticket. A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear11. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint 12. Ive never heard the word _in spoken English. A. use B. used C. using D. being used 13. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 14. Deeply _, I thanked her again and again. A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved 15. With winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 16. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. ShowingC. Has shown D. Having been shown 17. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed 19. The _price will save you one dollar for each dozen. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces 20. People _in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living 21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem _. A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling 23. The librarys study room is full of stude