新目标英语八年级下册第八单元基础知识导学.doc

新目标英语八年级下册第八单元基础知识导学 新目标英语八年级下册第八单元基础知识导学词汇突破1. suggestion n. an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think about 建议【示例】We are open to suggestions. 我们愿意听取大家建议。【用法点击】suggestion在表示 暗示；联想 时，是一个不可数名词，例如：Most advertisements work through suggestion. 多数广告通过暗示发挥作用。辨析advice和suggestion：advice 是一个不可数名词，它除了表示 建议 之外，也有 劝告；忠告 的意思，例如：a piece of advice 一条忠告。advice 常用的搭配有：advice on / about something关于某事的建议。而suggestion 表示 建议 时是个可数名词。【词汇拓展】相关词：suggest v. 建议 suggestive adj. 提示的 suggestively adv. 提示地【记忆导航】suggestion 是在动词suggest后加ion转换成名词的，类似构词规则的词很多，例如：instruct - instruction，connect - connection等等。2. special adj. not ordinary or usual; different from what is normal 特别的；特殊的【示例】There s something special about this place. 这个地方有几分特别。【用法点击】special 还可用作名词，表示 特制产品；特别活动（节目等） 。例如：The menu changes regularly and there are daily specials to choose from. 菜谱定期更换，而且有当日特色菜供选择。【词汇拓展】 相关词：specially adv. 专门地；特别地 specialist n. 专家3. interested adj. showing interest in something and finding it exciting. 感兴趣的【示例】I ve always been interested in music. 我一直对音乐有兴趣。【用法点击】辨析interest，interested和interesting：interest 可作名词，表示 求知；业余爱好 等意思，例如：Jim has shown a great interest in learning oil painting. 吉姆对学习油画表现出极大的兴趣。interest也可作动词，意思是 使感兴趣 。例如：Math doesn t interest me. 我对数学不感兴趣。interested 用作形容词，表示 感兴趣的；表现出兴趣的 ，主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。常用搭配有：be interested in something / somebody，be interested in doing something，be interested to hear / know / see something，例如：We would be interested to hear your views on this subject. 我们很想听听你对这个课题的看法。interesting 也用作形容词，表示 有趣的；有吸引力的 ，但它通常用来修饰事物。例如：Can t we do something more interesting? 我们就不能做点更有意思的事情吗？【词汇拓展】谚语：Interest will not lie. 兴趣不会说谎。相关词：interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的【记忆导航】注意积累同类词，帮助我们记忆。v. adj. （形容人的情感） adj. （形容事物的特性）excite excited excitingbore bored boringplease pleased pleasingencourage encouraged encouraging4. encourage v. to give somebody support, courage or hope 鼓励；支持【示例】My parents have always encouraged me in my study. 我父母总是鼓励我用功学习。【用法点击】encourage 用作动词，常用于encourage somebody to do something，例如：I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the exams. 我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做努力。encourage 还表示 促进；激励 ，例如：Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy more. 灯光和音乐会刺激消费者购买的欲望。【词汇拓展】相关词：encouraging adj. 乐观的；令人鼓舞的 encouragement n. 鼓舞；鼓励【记忆导航】英语中，en可以构成动词的前缀或后缀。例如：courage n. 勇气 - encourage v. 鼓励 able adj. 有能力的 - enable v. 使能够；使有机会的 large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 变大 black adj. 黑色的 - blacken v. 使变黑 wide adj. 宽的 - widen v. 使变宽5. progress n. the process of improving or developing or of getting nearer to achieving or completing 进步；前进【示例】I have made great progress in my English. 我英语学习取得了很大进步。【用法点击】progress 用作名词，是一个不可数名词。它也可作动词，意思是 前进；进行；进步 。例如：The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town. 车队缓慢地穿过城镇。【词汇拓展】 常用搭配：in progress 在进行中 谚语：Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow. 进展即今日的活动和明日的保证。 相关词：progressive adj. 进步的；先进的 progressively adv. 进步地；先进地6. besides prep. In addition to somebody / something, apart from somebody / something 而且；除了【示例】Besides working as a doctor, he also writes stories in his free time.除了当医生，他业余时间还写小说。【用法点击】besides, but, except 的用法辨析1. 基本区别三者都可表示 除外 ，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指 除了什么之外，还有 ；而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指 除了什么之外，不再有 。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except but his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。注：在否定句中，besides 也表示 除 之外不再有 ，与but, except 同义。如：No one passed the exam besides except Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。2. 关于 but 与 except(1) 两者都可表示 除 外不再有 ，但含义上略有差别：but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较：All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。(2) 在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后： no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 all, none 等 who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I haven t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。No one but he him showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。一般说来，若没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词 but， 否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较：正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。误：The window is never opened but in summer.(3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首：除我之外每个人都累了。正：Everyone is tired but (except) me.正：Everyone but (except) me is tired.误：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思：正：Except for me, everyone is tired.3. 关于 except 与 except for：except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如：All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。注：若用于句首，则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。4. 关于 except for 与 but for：except for 主要表示排除，but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如：Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助，她就不会通过考试。But for the atmosphere plants would die.