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可四轮定位四柱式汽车举升机设计【7张CAD图纸和说明书】

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可四轮定位四柱式汽车举升机设计【7张CAD图纸和说明书】.zip

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关键词：: 四轮定位汽车举升机设计 7张 cad 图纸说明书

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摘要

随着汽车工业的迅速发展,汽车维修工业也迅速壮大。特别是改革开放以来,我国的汽车维修行业有了很大的发展，为之服务的汽车维修设备行业已成为我国的新兴行业并不断发展壮大。作为汽车维修用必备之一的各种汽车举升机设备如雨后春笋般的涌现。但符合国际标准的不多,中高档层次的举升机没有。

本设计结合汽车技术的发展要求及汽车维修作业的实际需要,设计符合国际标准的、液压驱动及可四轮定位的四柱式汽车举升机。四柱式举升机有四根立柱、两根横梁、用于支撑汽车的两个台板。本设计只采用一个液压缸,其他立柱通过钢丝绳连接以实现同步举升。举升前,汽车很容易正确无误的驶上四柱举升机的台板。其具有承载稳定、支承载荷受力简单、应力较低等优点,具有较高的使用价值。

对于汽车维修企业来说，汽车举升机可能是除厂房外的最重要的投资,因为它具有至关重要和不可替代的作用，甚至直接影响到汽车维修业务的兴衰。汽车举升机是汽车维修设备行业的支柱设备之一,让我们生产出更多、更好、更受用户欢迎的汽车举升机,为汽车维修企业服务。

关键词: 四轮定位;四柱式;液压驱动;同步举升

ABSTRACT

Along with automobile industry rapid development, the automobile service industry also rapidly expands. Since the special reform and open policy, our country’s automobile service industry has had a great development, the vehicle maintenance equipment industry has become an emerging industry in China and will continue to grow and develop. As one of the essential maintenance equipment, each kind of automobile lift likes the emergence of the mushrooming. But little of them can conform to the international standard.

This design combine with automobile technology development request and automobile service work actual needs, designed in line with international standards, four-wheel hydraulic drive, and the positioning of the frame of vehicle lift. Four-post lift has four posts, two beams and two plates. This design only consists of a hydraulic cylinder, other columns realize synchronization through the cable. Before lifting, the automobile is very easy to be correctly driven onto the plate of the lift. It has the load bearing stably, the supporting load stress simple, the stress is lower and so on the merit, which has the higher use value.

For the vehicle maintenance enterprises, the vehicle lift is the most important investment in addition to plants outside, because it has the function which very important and cannot be substituted, even directly affects prosperity and decline of the automobile service. The automobile lift is one of important equipment in automobile maintenance, Let us produce more, better and more popular with users of the automobile lifts for vehicle maintenance service.

Key words: four-wheel positioning，four-post，hydraulic actuate，synchronous raise

摘要 III

Abstract IV

目录 V

1 绪论 1

1.1国外的情况和发展趋势 1

1.2国内的情况和发展趋势 4

1.3设计的依据及意义 4

1.4轿车举升机的分类 5

2课题分析 7

2.1设计技术要求 7

2.2设计特点 7

2.2.1举升机台板降到下位时，与地面应尽可能在同一平面上 7

2.2.2 正确选择传动方式 7

2.2.3 钢丝绳的选择 7

2.2.4 汽车举升机的安全保证措施 7

3方案论证 8

3.1纯机械结构 8

3.2液压结构 8

4 机械部件设计计算 10

4.1 举升机运动过程原理 10

4.2 立柱设计计算 11

4.3 梁设计计算 14

4.3.1 强度校核 16

4.3.2 刚度校核 18

4.4 桥身设计计算 18

4.4.1 强度校核 19

4.4.2 刚度校核 21

4.5 钢丝绳的选取 21

4.6钢丝绳与吊环的联结方法 21

4.7滑轮轴承的选用及校核 22

5 液压系统设计计算 24

5.1液压系统设计计算 24

5.2液压系统工作原理 25

6 电气控制原理 26

7 安全装置 27

8 结论 28

9 致谢 29

参考文献 31

1 绪论

1.1 国外的情况和发展趋势

汽车举升机在世界上已经有了80多年历史。1925年美国生产了第一台汽车举升机,它是由气动控制的,如图1.1所示。由于采用的气压比较低,所以缸体较大,同时采用皮革用来密封,所以压缩空气驱动时的弹跳较严重且不稳定。等到10年后,即1935年这种单柱举升机才在美国以外的其它地方开始被采用。

图 1.1 单柱举升机

1937年美国另一家公司生产了第一台四柱举升机,随后在美国一家公司也生产出类似的举升机,如图1.2所示。这两种举升机均由螺旋驱动,

图 1.2 四柱举升机

其方案是:每一根立柱内都有一颗螺母及螺杆,由装在地面上的链条连起来实现同步驱动,此四柱举升机在市场上并没有获得成功,而单柱举升机却继续得到普遍的应用。1948年Joseph Bardbury & Sohs 生产出该公司的第一举升机,其方案是:在四柱举升机的一个主柱内装有一套螺旋驱动机构,举升台板的其它三个角落通过钢丝绳与动力主柱相连。1950年Bardbury将机械式螺旋驱动机构改成液压机构,只装有一个液压缸,其他立柱通过钢丝绳连接从而实现同步举升,由于当时的液压压力尚未超过35～40Kg/cm2因而第一台液压举升机体积比较大。五十年代初单柱举升机在欧洲市场上的销量骤减,而四柱举升机却居于主导地位;但是在美国单柱举升机却继续受到人们的青睐。1956年Borg Warner 和Plessey生产液压压力能达到140～175Kg/cm2的液压齿轮泵;由此, Bardbury又生产出双功能举升机,这在举升机的设计上是一个突破性跨越。此举升机可以用两种方式支撑汽车:车轮支撑型;车轮自由型。此发明在市场上很受欢迎。到1960年在英国的市场上使用率竟达75%。1961年Bardbury生产出四柱举升机改进后的车轮自由系统,而且在全世界17个国家获得了专利。但在南美洲仍然流行单柱举升机,只是已将其改为液压传动。

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内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：可四轮定位四柱式汽车举升机设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923062学生姓名：潘新伟指导教师：林承德(职称: 教授) 2013 年 5 月 25 日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：可四轮定位四柱式汽车举升机设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923062 学生姓名：潘新伟指导教师：林承德（职称:教授）（职称：）年月课题来源深圳元征公司科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）随着汽车工业的迅速发展,汽车维修工业也迅速壮大。作为汽车维修用的必备之一的汽车举升机的制造业也如雨后春笋般的涌现。但符合国际标准的不多,中高档层次的举升机没有,深圳元征公司要求设计符合国际标准的举升机,以进入国际市场。对于汽车维修企业来说，汽车举升机可能是除厂房外的最重要的投资,因为它具有至关重要和不可替代的作用，甚至直接影响到汽车维修业务的兴衰。汽车举升机是汽车维修设备行业的支柱设备之一,让我们生产出更多、更好、更受用户欢迎的汽车举升机,为汽车维修企业服务。研究内容最大举升质量 4000 公斤；最大举升高度 1700 毫米；可用于四轮定位的四柱式举升机；符合汽车举升机行业安全标准。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析四柱举升机有四根立柱、两根横梁、用于支撑汽车的两个台板。举升前,汽车很容易正确无误的驶上四柱举升机的台板。由于台板内侧设备有凸缘,当汽车驶上台板时也不致于坠入其间的空隙中,车轮支承型四柱举升机的优点是:第一,举升机装载汽车时勿需较高的技术,操作又很简单;第二,承载时非常稳定;第三，支承载荷受力简单,应力较低,从而延长了设备的使用寿命;第四,由于具有较高的使用价值,从经济上来看也是合算的;第五,易于维修;第六,在车间现场进行安装也较方便，只要地面平坦,其混凝土厚度能够牢固立柱的地脚螺栓即可。四柱举升机的缺点是:和双柱举升机相比,占地面积较大,对汽车检修区域的可接近性差。研究计划及预期成果了解举升机的工作原理,画出举升机的装配图和各零件图。完成举升机的设计和说明书。特色或创新之处在保证强度和刚度的前提下,尽可能降低举升机台板和横梁的高度;这样既便于汽车驶上举升机,又使驶上台板的斜面长度尽可能短,节约车间的占地。在条件许可时举升机台板(或横梁)选择专用型钢或用钢板折弯成形。利用液压结构在汽车举升机构中具有明显优势。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已具备的条件：电脑；相关开发软件；部分技术资料。尚需解决的问题：确定产品的结构尺寸和技术要求；逆向设计建立三维数模；总成运动仿真校核。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文LiftAuto lift refers to vehicle repair industry for the lifting of the steam guarantees the equipment. Lift in automobile maintenance and curing plays a very important role, whether the vehicle overhaul, or minor repairs and maintenance, are inseparable from it, and its products have a direct impact on nature and quality maintenance personnel safety. The scale of maintenance and curing enterprises, whether maintenance range of vehicles comprehensive repair shop, or business scope single street shop (such as tire store), almost all equipped with lifting machine. From 1990s, domestic lifting machine gradually became popular in China, with the increase of auto possession, lift as an important tool for car maintenance, demand too greatly increased. Now lift market has nearly 100 Chinese and foreign brand, product series hundreds of thousands. Lift foreign famous brand has bend - Rotary, pak, domestic have antell force, million force AMREOC, jinhua (open JIG), han MaiKeSen, sequence of, yuan levy, so f, extensive force, etc. classification Foreign brands though prices higher, but rely on its product quality, stable performance, the equipment is simple, established in dealers good reputation. As in recent years the development of domestic lifting machine industry, no matter in product design, technical development or after-sales service, were a lot of improvement, sales have greatly improved. Lifting machine according to the function and shapes points, can generally be divided into, two columns, four-column, scissor three categories. use According to the function can be divided into four-wheel location type peace plate; According to occupy space can be divided into the ground type and Tibetan; The ground type, suitable for without any repair mode, some on the floor slabs not suitable to install two column lift and ordinary four-column lift, and the machine and floor surface wide, so you can drive can be installed in any of the floor above, resolve customer site problem. Scissor lift than two columns and four-column lift the biggest advantage is not taking up space, convenient use, the deficiency is fill oil balance is very strict, and the need to have control box, cost is more expensive. Four-column lift product features 1, lift up to maximum lifting height limit a switch can automatically automatically cut off the power of hydraulic pump circuit. 2, powerful high-horsepower motor. 3, lifting ability reach 350 tons. 4, safe and reliable insurance device. 5, practical design. 6, low noise, low vibration design. 7, expanded lift platform width. 8, spacious operation space. 9, 100% prevent cylinders spills. 10, electric hydraulic type second lifting. 11, import reversing valves, manual directional control, electric reversing two models to choose from. Zimu scissor lift product features 1, each lifting machine is equipped with a small cut, this small cut with the Lord with the same hydraulic balance control cut, the maximum lifting height way 400mm ascension. 2, the four-wheel location with high precision. The hydraulic oil cylinder deputy Lord of the way that the system has the following advantages: balance No link rod, work and comfortable, barrier-free, the distance between the running boards can be adjusted freely. 3 and the minimum height, can only 220mm above ground installation for reducing costs. 4, photoelectric switch detection by lifting balanced guarantees vehicle safety. 5 all the oil cylinder, equipment installed explosion-proof valve, prevent oil cylinder failure safety after a sudden decrease guarantee. The worlds first unique inversion oil cylinder two columns lifting machine In response, the independent development of countryside policy motor repair the world first inversion double oil cylinder column lift, the operation is simple, lifting machine of the space is little, the price is cheap, very appropriate in the country with TouJian pits. Lifting machine USES the principal deputy oil cylinder and lifting more stable. Unilateral manual to unlock, operation more convenient. Equipment design is exquisite, convenient installation. Equipment for 2300mm within the span only, saving field. Automatic protection turned arms. Use cross square tube, the strength of the sliding Taiwan increased by 50% or more. Lifting machine adopts maintenance-free sliding sets the slider. Powder painting, surface more luster, more durable, more durable. Lift safety operation procedures A, should remove lift before use near the fixture and sundry hamper operations, and check whether normal operating handles. Second, operating mechanism sensitive effective, hydraulic system are not allowed to have crawled phenomenon. Third, a car, four teams in same plane Angle should, adjust a horn pads height make its contact vehicle chassis support area. Four, a car, not too high, branch of the vehicle team up to lock after four bracket. Five, stay after lifting vehicles should be into lifting machine support block to adjust the model provisions are moving the lifting point. Six, lift at personnel should leave vehicles, lifting to need highly, must insert insurance locking pin, and ensure safe and reliable to start underneath the car homework. Seven, except subsidies and minor repairs project outside, other trival heavy lifter operation that may in the operation of repair. Eight, the lifter not frequent fluctuations. Nine, a car lifting want firm, landing to slow. Ten, someone operations lifting lift is strictly prohibited. Eleven, found that the operator is ineffective, not synchronous motor, bracket uneven or hydraulic parts shall promptly report, leakage of oil, not in spite of operation. Twelve, homework finished should remove debris, clean the lift around to keep site neat. Thirteen, regular (half an year) ruled out lifting oil cylinder seeper, check and the amount of oil, the oil is enough should be timely refill the same brand of pressure oil. At the same time should check lubrication, lift transmission gears and sew bar. Auto four-wheel use method and the matters needing attention One, get on preparatory work before: Tested vehicles driving on lifting machine before, needs to check whether the four wheels tire pressure conforms to the standard tire pressure. Whether badly worn tread pattern. Sure lift two bearing plate width and the tested vehicles before and after the wheelbase in line, then lift troops to its lowest point, ensure corner after the plate and the board after into fixed pin, then will be measured on lifting machine vehicles. Vehicles in lifting machine should be in front, dont make the body to askew. The two front wheel will fall vehicle in two corner, and the center of the disk on the disc to Angle plate in tire uniform distribution of both sides. Vehicle flameout, pull handcuffed brake, shake her left side, window glass driver left vehicles. Operator need forcibly pressure respectively the front and the rear bodywork, to make the vehicle suspension reset. After the installation four during production. Second, installation fixture:According to the test vehicle wheels to adjust size fixture. First LongZhao position, below two adjustment to the right size position, then adjust the length of two card arm out. The first two LongZhao below, in the top of the steel wheel, then raised outside edge, and loosen the LongZhao above the knob, adjust its position, that is also in the top of the steel wheel is raised outside, and then tighten the knob. The next step is to use his hands and promote activity in the fastener rod, to make CARDS in the wheels can card arm, then hang security within the tattoo hook, check fixtures is installed firmly. Three, installation controller is equipped: According to the corresponding four sensors installed to the wheels of the fixture position. Should pay attention to in the positioning shaft sensor to daub sparse of lubricating oil (cannot besmear butter), in order to prevent the long time after insertion caused wear, cant accurate positioning shaft installed in place, affect the measurement precision. Connecting communication cable and Angle to disk cables. The arrow on the cable plug sockets and of the arrow after, you can directly inserted. Four cable length of the difference just is different, the two root 6.5 meters cable is used for connecting controller is equipped with two fronts sensors, two 4.5 meters in the cable is mutual connection. Before and after sensor Each sensor has three socket, above two are the same, the one below is used for connecting corner plates. Cable connection good after, unplug corner after the plate and skateboard fixed pin. Give the vehicle lifting the lowest lift down the safety lock up the grid position, in order to ensure lifting platform in horizontal status. On the sensor and controller is equipped power indicator, press R key or the corresponding position key activation each sensor, after the sensor is put on the level of fixed the knob, tighten the bubble in roughly the level of position.Four, operation controller is equipped: Boot after, batch program will automatically into measurement procedures for users initial status for the next step, the operation. According to move to the next step can be F3 keys. Screen TEST, said that the system was refreshed memories of last measurement information. Then program started measuring steps. Step four main points measuring steps, the first is the measure, including preparation of the input registration forms, select models and deviation of compensation. Input the registration form: contains various customer information, can choose any want to input project, and the future of the project can be according to the input to mix the measurement results data. PaiZhaoHao or maintenance, can generally vehicles single Numbers to enter the corresponding entries for future submitted. Input information can be English letters and Numbers, no Chinese character input. Fill out the form, by F3 after entering models choose interface. Choose the corresponding to the test vehicle models, if need to do after deviation of compensation, then the advance, or press F4 F3 stop. With deviation compensation: if the fixture is used, the only one in rapid fixture serious damage degree when straps, they need to do with deviation compensation (for PassatB5 AudiA6 or before must do, measurement for deviation compensation); If the use of peeling, the fixture since for all vehicles must do with deviation compensation. Do the deviation of compensation points: (1) tire rotation direction should be vehicles moving direction of rotation. (2) adjustment before detection: installed controller is equipped with brakes locked. Equipment Enter adjustment before detecting steps, steering wheel will appear on the screen to it pattern. In the green area, says acceptable range, but on both sides of the green range around the measurement results, can differ about five points. Therefore, it is best to in the green zone of arrows in the middle in the black. The steering wheel in the order: first, then turn right, then left 20 degrees to 20 degrees, then. Measured at the screen when the front wheel beam. According to measurements F3 button to enter the maximum rotation Angle plate, using electronic steps through the steps the controller is equipped can be automatic measure the maximum total corner. Firstly, then according to the steering wheel in errov screen, remove both front sensor. Stay screen displays the measured, after waiting for picture to the right until the steering wheel continuous play motionless, then a steady living so far not let go. Wait until after continuous measurement to the right, then play the steering wheel so until dozen dont move, and then a steady living not let go. Wait until after the end of automatic measurement, screen showed all the measurement data. Reload the two front sensor, if measured data, adjustable scope of more than allow the data, it can adjust steps into position.Positioning adjustment: do positioning adjustment before, first with a steering wheel lock will steering wheel fixed into horizontal rises again to proper adjustment of lifting machine, will lift high level security position in the lock. Adjusted for four sensors horizontal status, then operate controller is equipped into position adjustment operation. Adjust program will first display vehicles the measured value of the rear axle a parameters, if vehicle rear-axle parameters is adjustable (most vehicles rear-axle positioning parameter is unable to adjust), then the screen can consult to adjust, screen data at the data will display the current adjusted parameters data. Rear-axle positioning parameters adjustment, by F3 after may enter front axle tuning steps. Camber Angle adjustment p-s-n according to the structure of the vehicle chassis, can be divided into two kinds, one kind is need to lift shaft can be adjusted to front wheel impending camber Angle; Another kind is need not lifting front axle camber Angle can be adjusted. The need for lifting the front axle camber Angle adjustment, its position adjustment of vehicle steps as follows: 1) according to the screen F3 key until p-s-n adjust the picture. This screen also showed that the front axle of the five positioning parameter values, they were: left, right wheel, left, right, camber Angle front wheel bundle, total before former beam. Then press F7 keys, screen SVRMGR , hints you now can use second lifter will lift the front axle vehicles. In your vehicle with secondary lifting will lift shaft, then press F3 key after going forward, this screen camber Angle data right wheels. Now you can according to the screen display camber Angle adjustment data. 2) adjust the left, right after the camber Angle, wheel, then according to the F3 keys on the screen can now will be second lifting down clew, right now can put down second lifting, when vehicles in lift platform front fell steadily honked vehicle front axle after the suspension parts, down a few times, to make the vehicle suspension reset p-s-n. Vehicles put good, then press, when screen F3 keys back on the front axle adjust the picture. 3) can now, adjust the picture in front of the left and right according to show about former bunch of value adjustment round wheels. Before bundle When former bundles and a total right wheels are well adjusted before beam and press F4 keys end positioning adjustment process. 4) to need not lifting front axle camber Angle adjustment, then can the vehicle in front axle, adjust the picture camber Angle adjustment according to the first, and then the order and beam before adjust reference screen real-time display, the parameters of the value adjusted respectively camber Angle, or so ago about values. Bundle Adjusted by F4, after adjustment process end positioning. Adjusted to detect: lifting when measuring the troops back to adjust the height of before, will lift the lock in horizontal safe place. Enter adjusted, when measured steps showed on the screen of the two front current value. Before alone bundle According to the remaining steps forward, F3 adjustment before testing steps with same. If on the steps of the two front wheel display before alone adjustment process and the position of the beam value in former bunch of value adjustment good have bigger difference, the reason probably because in after adjustment, the process of vehicle fell down, the steering wheel position changed, killing the two front wheel position change. So each wheel alone with former bunch of value orientation for the adjustment of different values, but front wheel wont change. Total former bundle But because after adjusting when entering test shown before the front wheel of single beam value will be record and the final measurement results, which makes the displayed in the front wheels alone adjustment results report before may bundle value unqualified. But the reality is front wheel always is qualified, former beam steering wheel not only because to former bunch of value in allowing alone outside its range. To prevent this appear, in adjusted, if found in measuring steps each wheel shown before alone adjustment and the position of the beam value is not the same as the value, according to a larger F3 forward, to the screen in until after the steering wheel in here is on, steering wheel. Then press F4 key exit after adjusting the detecting steps, then re-enter adjusted detecting steps. Right now because of the previous step to the steering wh

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