水泥厂带式输送机设计（全套含9张CAD图纸）
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附录 E： 外文复印件Mold CAD/CAE/CAM technologyIntroduction Mold CAD/CAE/CAM is transforms the traditional mold production method the essential technology, is a high tech, the high benefit systems engineering. It take the computer software form, provides one kind of effective auxiliary means as the enterprise, causes the engineers and technicians with the aid of in the computer to the product performance, the mold structure, the formed craft, the numerical control processing and the production management carries on the design and the optimization. Mold CAD/CAE/The CAM technology can remarkably reduce the mold design and the manufacture cycle, reduces the production cost and improves the product quality to become the mold mutual recognition.Is same with any newly emerging things, mold CAD/CAE/CAM experienced in the nearly 20 years from to has been simply complex, from experiment site to popular process. Since has entered this century, mold CAD/CAE/The CAM technological development speed quicker, the application scope is broader, in order to enable the general molds worker further to deepen to this technical understanding, better display mold CAD/CAE/The CAM function, this article applies in view of the mold in most widespread, most has the representative casting mold, the forging die and the level enters the mold CAD/CAE/The CAM development condition and the tendency make the concise introduction and the analysis.Casting mold CAD/CAE/CAM development survey The casting forming process simulation work begins in solves the casting the temperature field distribution. In 1962 Denmarks Fursund has carried on the solidification process heat transfer computation for the first time with the finite difference method to the two-dimensional shape casting, in 1965 US General Motors Henzel and so on has carried on the temperature field simulation to the steam turbine casting success, from this time on casting in mold cavity heat transfer process numerical analysis technology in world scope rapid development. From on century 70s to the 80s, US, England, France, Japan, Denmark and so on one after another has yielded the remarkable result in the casting coagulation simulator study and the application, and promotes one batch of commercialized simulations software one after another. After enters for the 90s, our countrys institutions of higher learning, like Qinghua University and the Central China scientific and technical university has also obtained the achievement in this domain which focuses attention on.The pure heat transfer process simulation cannot accurately calculate the flaw which the casting in the temperature change and the forecast casting possibly produces, the sufficient mold process to in the casting initial temperature field distribution influence as well as the solidification process liquid metal flowing the influence which forms to the defect casting all is noticeable. The casting sufficient mold process simulation technology begins in the century for 80s, it take calculates the hydromechanics the theory and the method as the foundation, experiences ten years, starts from the two-dimensional simple shape, deepens and the expansion gradually, already succeeded has realized the three dimensional complex shape casting sufficient mold process simulation, and could flow with the heat transfer process coupling. At present overseas had one batch of commercialized the three dimensional casting process simulation softwares, like Japans SOLIDIA, Englands SOLSTAR, Frances SIMULOR, Swedens NOVACAST, Germanys MAGMA and USS AFSOLID, PROCAST and so on. The home also has Qinghua University star of, Central China scientific and technical universitys the casting China casts CAE and so on. These casting mold CAE softwares have covered the cast steel, the cast iron, the cast-aluminium and the cast copper and so on each kind of casting, as is big as several hundred tons, slightly to several kilograms, regardless of is and shrinks the pine in the elimination shrink hole, in the optimized pouring rising head design, aspect and so on improvement dross entrapped slag has all played the remarkable role.Is following the CAE technology in the casting domain success application, the casting craft and the mold structure CAD research and the application in unceasingly is also thorough, overseas has promoted some application software one after another, like American casting associations AFS-SOFTWARE, may use in the cast steel and casts the iron stock the pouring rising head design, English FOSECO Corporations FEEDERCALK software, may calculate the steel casting the pouring rising head size and a choice heat preservation rising head set of type. Our country Central China scientific and technical university and Qinghua University has also done many work in the casting craft and the mold structure CAD aspect, like Qinghua University develops the THFSCAD software, mainly and the vector and the casting craft CAD two parts is composed by the graph scanning. The preceding part to scans the input the graph to carry on disappears the blue decontamination and the vector, the latter part uses for to establish the parametrization graph, to calculate the casting the processing remainder, the plan craft card and so on. THFSCAD is develops in the two dimensional plot geometry foundation, used the AUTOCAD software for to develop the platform. Along with the CAD technology fast progress, the three dimensional CAD system can substitute for the two-dimensional CAD system in the casting realm of production but to become the mainstream design system gradually.Forging die CAD/CAE/CAM development survey Since on century 70s, domestic and foreign many academic organizations and company to forging die CAD/CAE/The CAM technology has conducted extensive research, in the forging technological process design, the forging die structural design and the metal flowed aspect and so on simulation has obtained the remarkable result. The axial symmetry forging approximately composes about forging total 30%, in addition axial symmetry forging geometry shape simple, is easy to describe and the definition, therefore development forging die CAD/ When CAM system the domestic and foreign majority organizations and the human all are obtain from the axial symmetry forging die. Axial symmetry forging die CAD/ CAM system main constituent including forging design, drop forging technological design, forging die structural design and NC programming. The forging design refers is designs the cold forging chart and the hot forging chart, divides the modular surface, the supplement machining remainder, the increase fillet including the choice and pulls out the mold ascent and so on. The drop forging technological design decided whether uses the preliminary shaping working procedure, how uses the preliminary shaping working procedure as well as how chooses the forging and stamping equipment the tonnage.Another kind of widespread application forging is the major axis class forging, its formed working procedure design and the mold structural design are far more complex than the axial symmetry forging die, therefore development major axis class forging die CAD/The CAM system difficulty bigger, the versatility is also low, at present in many general commercialized CAD/On the CAM software two time develops major axis class forging die CAD/The CAM system only is restricted in the specific product and the specific situation application.Another kind of widespread application forging is the major axis class forging, its formed working procedure design and the mold structural design are far more complex than the axial symmetry forging die, therefore development major axis class forging die CAD/The CAM system difficulty bigger, the versatility is also low, at present in many general commercialized CAD/On the CAM software two time develops major axis class forging die CAD/The CAM system only is restricted in the specific product and the specific situation application.In the CAE technology aspect, the finite element method always is the analysis and the research metal forging forming main numerical analysis method, for many years has yielded many gradual result. In 1973 Lee and Kobayashi derived just the plastic finite element Lagrange algorithm by the matrix analytic method, the success has analyzed the forging forming process. In 1974 Zienkiewicz proposed just the visco-plasticity finite element punished the function method, analyzed the rolling, has extruded and draws and so on the formed craft. In 1982 Mori and Osakada proposed just in the plastic finite element material might the compression method and uses in the rolling and the extrusion.On the century at the beginning of 80s, Oh and Altan had just conducted the thorough research with large-scale plastic finite element analysis software ALPID to each kind of plastic deformation question. After 90s, overseas some commercialized specialized finite element analysis softwares, like Frances FORGE2, USS DEFORM, ABAQUS, MSC/AutoForge and so on, all successfully has applied in the forging domain. These softwares not only may forecast the forging forms entire process, moreover may the quota produce with the distortion related each kind of physical quantity, like the displacement, the speed, the stress, the strain and the load and so on, for obtained the most superior mold design, the most reasonable craft plan and the least experimental molds time has provided the technical guarantee.The level enters mold CAD/CAE/CAM development survey The overseas level enters mold CAD/CAE/The CAM research begins in the century at the end of for 60s, the 70s then have the preliminary application, but only are restricted in the two-dimensional graph the simple blanking level to enter the mold, its main function like strip material row of type, concave mold arrangement, process design and NC programming and so on. The curving level enters mold CAD/The CAM system appears in the 80s, like Japanese Hitachi Corporation and the Fujitsu Corporations curving level enters the mold system and so on. In order to can adapt the complex mold design, the Fujitsu system has used the method which the automatic design and designs alternately unifies, launches, the curving snapping back computation and a labor step of arrangement in this system except the semifinished materials for the automatic reduction outside, other need to design personnels participation.Applies the three dimensional geometry modelling technology the level to enter the mold system to begin in at the end of for the 80s, like American Auto-trol Corporations Die-Design system, this system uses the three dimensional geometry model to describe the plate work components, and applies the three dimensional graph technology in the mold structural design, demonstrates the three dimensional graph software in mold design vital role.Enters for the 90s, international famous commercialized three dimensional CAD/CAM system, like USS Pro/E, UG-II, CADD5, Solidworks, MDT and so on one after another obtain the application in the mold. American PTC Corporation based on Pro/The E system has developed plate work components modelling module Pro/Sheet Metal. UG Solution Corporation has developed similar module UG/ in the UG-II foundationSheet Metal. Above two systems all lack face the level enter the formed craft and the mold structural design special-purpose module, but this aspect work progress is very quick, some already won initial success.Like American Computer Design Corporation develops the level enters mold software Striker Systems is sales volume big commercialization CAD/The CAM system, including the plate work components modelling (SS-DESIGN), the semifinished materials launches (SS-UNFOLD), a semifinished materials row of type (SS-STRIP DESIGN), mold design (SS-DIE DESIGN) and numerical control processing (SS-WIRE, SS-PROFILE) and so on module. This system support plate work components characteristic modelling, although had certain automated designs the function, but its design process still by alternately operates primarily, only is suitable at present in the curving blanking level enters the mold the design.At the beginning of this century, American UGS Corporation and our country Central China scientific and technical university cooperation (presently is NX) in the software platform develops in UG-II enters mold CAD/ based on the three dimensional geometry model levelCAM software NX-PDW. This software including the project initialization, the craft pre- definition, the semifinished materials launches, a semifinished materials row of type, the waste material design, strip module and so on material row of type, pressure calculation and mold structural design. Has the trick recognition and the heavy construction, the entire three dimensional structure connection and so on the remarkable characteristic, has taken the commercialized product investment field in 2003. Our country starts from on century 90s, the Central China scientific and technical university, Shanghai Jiaotong University, the Xian Jiaotong University and the Beijing mechanical and electrical research institute and so on developed the level to enter mold CAD/ one after anotherCAM system research and development. Like the Central China scientific and technical university mold technology country key laboratory develops in the AutoCAD software platform enters mold CAD/ based on the characteristic levelCAM system HMJC, including the plate work components characteristic modelling, based on the characteristic ramming technological design, the mold structural design, the standard letter and the modular design constructs the storehouse tool and the line cuts automatically programs five modules. Shanghai Jiaotong University fine holds (Finetool) for Swiss Fyan to flush the company to develop the successful precise blanking level to enter mold CAD/CAM system. The Xian Jiaotong University develops the multi- locations curving level to enter the mold CAD system and so on.附录 F： 外文译文模具的 CAD/CAE/CAM 技术引言 模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 是改造传统模具生产方式的关键技术，是一项高科技、高效益的系统工程。它以计算机软件的形式，为企业提供一种有效的辅助工具，使工程技术人员借助于计算机对产品性能、模具结构、成形工艺、数控加工及生产管理进行设计和优化。模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 技术能显著缩短模具设计与制造周期、降低生产成本和提高产品质量已成为模具界的共识。与任何新生事物一样，模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 在近二十年中经历了从简单到复杂，从试点到普及的过程。进入本世纪以来，模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 技术发展速度更快、应用范围更广，为了使广大模具工作者能进一步加深对该技术的认识，更好发挥模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 的作用，本文针对模具中应用最广泛、最具有代表性的铸造模、锻模和级进模 CAD/CAE/CAM 的发展状况和趋势作概括性的介绍和分析。 铸造模 CAD/CAE/CAM 的发展概况 铸造成形过程模拟的工作始于求解铸件的温度场分布。1962 年丹麦的Fursund 用有限差分法首次对二维形状的铸件进行了凝固过程的传热计算，1965 年美国通用汽车公司 Henzel 等对汽轮机铸件成功进行了温度场模拟，从此铸件在模具型腔内的传热过程数值分析技术在全世界范围内迅速开展。从上世纪 70 年代到 80 年代，美国、英国、法国、日本、丹麦等相继在铸件凝固模拟研究和应用上取得了显著成果，并陆续推出一批商品化模拟软件。进入 90 年代后，我国的高等院校，如清华大学和华中科技大学在该领域也取得了瞩目的成就。 单纯的传热过程模拟并不能准确计算出铸件的温度变化和预测铸造中可能产生的缺陷，充模过程对铸件初始温度场分布的影响以及凝固过程中液态金属的流动对铸件缺陷形成的影响都是不可忽视的。铸件充模过程的模拟技术始于上世纪 80 年代，它以计算流体力学的理论和方法为基础，经历十余载，从二维简单形状开始，逐步深化和扩展，现已成功实现了三维复杂形状铸件的充模过程模拟，并能将流动和传热过程相耦合。目前国外已有一批商品化的三维铸造过程模拟软件，如日本的 SOLIDIA、英国的 SOLSTAR、法国的 SIMULOR、瑞典的NOVACAST、德国的 MAGMA 和美国的 AFSOLID、PROCAST 等。国内也有清华大学的铸造之星、华中科技大学的华铸 CAE 等。这些铸造模 CAE 软件已覆盖铸钢、铸铁、铸铝和铸铜等各类铸件，大到数百吨，小至几千克，无论是在消除缩孔和缩松，还是在优化浇冒口设计，改进浮渣夹渣等方面都发挥了显著的作用。 伴随着 CAE 技术在铸造领域的成功应用，铸造工艺及模具结构 CAD 的研究和应用也在不断深入，国外已陆续推出了一些应用软件，如美国铸造协会的AFS-SOFTWARE，可用于铸钢和铸铁件的浇冒口设计，英国 FOSECO 公司的FEEDERCALK 软件，可以计算铸钢件的浇冒口尺寸和选择保温冒口套的类型。我国华中科技大学和清华大学在铸造工艺及模具结构 CAD 方面也做了许多工作，如清华大学开发的 THFSCAD 软件，主要由图形扫描及矢量化和铸造工艺 CAD 两部分组成。前一部分对扫描输入的图形进行消蓝去污和矢量化，后一部分用来建立参数化图形、计算铸件的加工余量、绘制工艺卡等。THFSCAD 是在二维图形学的基础上开发的，采用了 AUTOCAD 软件为开发平台。随着 CAD 技术的快速进步，三维 CAD 系统在铸造生产领域会逐步取代二维 CAD 系统而成为主流设计系统。 锻模 CAD/CAE/CAM 的发展概况 自上世纪 70 年代以来，国内外许多学术机构和公司对锻模 CAD/CAE/CAM 技术进行了广泛的研究，在锻造工艺过程设计、锻模结构设计和金属流动模拟等方面均取得了显著的成绩。 轴对称锻件约占锻件总数的 30%左右，加上轴对称锻件几何形状简单，易于描述和定义，所以开发锻模 CAD/ CAM 系统时国内外大多数机构和人都是从轴对称锻模入手。轴对称锻模 CAD/ CAM 系统的主要组成部分包括锻件设计、模锻工艺设计、锻模结构设计和 NC 编程。锻件设计指的是设计冷锻件图和热锻件图，包括选择分模面、补充机加工余量、添加圆角和拔模斜度等。模锻工艺设计决定是否采用预成形工序、怎样采用预成形工序以及如何选择锻压设备的吨位。 另一类广泛应用的锻件是长轴类锻件，其成形工序设计和模具结构设计远比轴对称锻模复杂，因此开发长轴类锻模的 CAD/CAM 系统的难度更大、通用性也低，目前在许多通用商品化 CAD/CAM 软件上二次开发的长轴类锻模的CAD/CAM 系统仅限于特定产品和特定场合的应用。 锻模 CAD/ CAM 系统的发展方向是成组技术和模具标准化技术的进一步贯彻执行以及 CAE 技术和人工智能技术的深入应用。 在 CAE 技术方面，有限元法一直是分析和研究金属锻造成形的主要数值分析方法，多年来已取得不少阶段性的成果。1973 年 Lee 和 Kobayashi 以矩阵分析法导出了刚塑性有限元的 Lagrange 算法，成功分析了锻造成形过程。1974年 Zienkiewicz 提出了刚粘塑性有限元的罚函数法，分析了轧制、挤压和拉拔等成形工艺。1982 年 Mori 和 Osak
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