目 录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 概述………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1研究的目的和意义 ……………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 汽车变速器控制技术的研究现状与发展趋势………………………………… 1
1.2.1 国内汽车变速器研究现状…………………………………………………1
1.2.2 国外汽车变速器研究现状…………………………………………………3
1.3 研究的主要内容………………………………………………………………… 4
第2章 汽车变速器的结构及控制技术 ……………………………………………5
2.1 汽车变速器的作用、类型及特点 ……………………………………………… 5
2.1.1 汽车变速器的功用 ………………………………………………………5
2.1.2 汽车变速器分类及特点……………………………………………………5
2.2 机械式变速器…………………………………………………………………… 6
2.2.1 机械式变速器的类型及特点………………………………………………6
2.2.2 机械式变速器的结构………………………………………………………6
2.2.3 机械式变速器控制技术……………………………………………………9
2.3 液控液力式自动变速器…………………………………………………………11
2.3.1液控液力式自动变速器的类型及特点 …………………………………11
2.3.2 液控液力式自动变速器的结构 …………………………………………12
2.3.3 液控液力式自动变速器控制技术 ………………………………………14
2.4 电控液力式自动变速器…………………………………………………………16
2.4.1 电控液力式自动变速器的类型及特点 …………………………………16
2.4.2 电控液力式自动变速器的结构 …………………………………………18
2.4.3 电控液力式自动变速器控制技术 ………………………………………19
2.5 电子控制机械式自动变速器……………………………………………………22
2.5.1 电子控制机械式自动变速器类型及特点 ………………………………22
2.5.2 电子控制机械式自动变速器的结构 ……………………………………23
2.5.3 电子控制机械式自动变速器控制技术………………………………… 23
2.6 无级变速器 …………………………………………………………………… 24
2.6.1 无级变速器的类型及特点……………………………………………… 24
2.6.2 无级变速器的结构……………………………………………………… 27
2.6.3 无级变速器控制技术…………………………………………………… 27
2.7 本章小结 ……………………………………………………………………… 29
第3章 汽车变速器控制技术分析 ……………………………………………… 30
3.1 变速器控制技术比较 ………………………………………………………… 30
3.1.1 控制技术比较……………………………………………………………30
3.1.2 成本比较………………………………………………………………… 31
3.1.3 使用维修比较…………………………………………………………… 31
3.1.4 结构比较………………………………………………………………… 32
3.1.5 性能比较………………………………………………………………… 32
3.2 变速器控制技术优化措施 …………………………………………………… 33
3.3 本章小结…………………………………………………………………………36
第4章 汽车变速器控制技术发展趋势……………………………………………38
结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………41
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………42
致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………43
摘 要
进入20世纪90年代以来，汽车行业对变速器的技术研究开发日益重视，新的电子技术和控制技术不断被应用到变速器中。汽车的发展在经历了动力革命、传动革命后，己进入控制革命阶段，即由从各总成的单独控制向动力传动系统一体化综合控制;由一般控制向智能化、网络化控制发展。随着汽车工业和运输事业的日益发展，人们对汽车的使用性能提出了更高的要求。在汽车的操纵使用中，传统的手动换档过程所存在的问题显得尤为突出，因此，汽车传动系的自动操纵已成为改进和完善汽车性能的重要方向。目前世界上常见的变速器主要有四种类型，机械式变速器、自动变速器、电子控制机械式变速器和无级变速器。机械式变速器历史悠久、价格低廉，具有结构简单、工作可靠、传动效率高的优点，所以现在在一些货车及其他车辆上仍使用很多。而液力式变速器是目前使用最广泛的变速器，在美国采用液力变速器的轿车已达90%以上，采用液力式变速器的汽车起步平稳、自动适应行使阻力的变化、减小传动系的动载荷、驾驶操纵简单、在一定范围内进行无级变速，实现了换档自动化和半自动化。装载无级变速器的汽车目前较少，但会成为将来变速器的发展方向。
本文针对目前汽车常用的几种变速器进行总结,介绍其结构、原理、控制技术的特点以及在使用中出现的问题等，综合分析国内外变速器的现状和发展趋势,针对每一种变速器的存在问题，提出优化措施。
关键词：汽车； 变速器； 控制； 技术；措施
ABSTRACT
Since has entered the 1990s, the automobile profession takes day by day to the transmission gearbox engineering research development，the new electronic technology and the control technology are unceasingly applied in the transmission gearbox. The automobile development after has experienced the power revolution，the transmission revolution, the oneself enters the control revolution stage, namely by from the independent control which each always becomes to the power drive system integration integrated control; By generally controls to intellectualized, the network control development. Along with automobile industry and haulage business flourishing more and more daily, the people set a higher request to the automobile operational performance. In the automobile operation use, the tradition manual shifts gears the question which the process exists toap pear the outstandingly, therefore, the automobile steering control has become the improvement and the consummation automobile performance important direction. At present in the world the common transmission gearbox mainly has four kind of types, mechanical type transmission gearbox, automatic transmission, the electronic control mechanical type transmission gearbox and the variator (an infinitely variable). Mechanical type transmission gearbox history glorious, price inexpensive, has the structure simply, the work is reliable, the transmission efficiency high merit, therefore now still used on some freight vehicles and other vehicles very many. But the fluid strength type transmission gearbox is at present uses the most widespread transmission gearbox, uses the fluid strength transmission gearbox in US the passenger vehicle to reach above 90%,uses the fluid strength type transmission gearbox steadily the automobile start, the automatic adaption exercises the resistance change, reduces moves the load, the operating control simple, carries on the stepless speed change in the certain scope，realizes shifted gears the automation and the semi-automation. In particular applies along with the electronic technology and the microprocessor after shifts gears the speed change, the self-shifting transmission technology entered the rapid development brand-new time. The automatic transmission normal province oil, is reducing discharge pollution，the operation conveniently, the travel is comfortable so on the direction develops. Loads the variator (an infinitely variable ) the automobile at present to be less, but will be able to become the future transmission gearbox the development direction.
This article carries on the summary in view of the present automobile commonly used several kind of transmission gearboxes, introduced its structure, the principle, the control technology characteristic as well as the question which appears in the using and so on, the paper generalized analysis domestic and foreign transmission gearboxes present situation and the development tendency, in view of each kind of transmission gearbox existence question, proposed the optimized measure.
Key words: Automobile; Transmission gearbox; Control; Technology; Measure
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