提纲在GRE写作中是很重要的.doc

提纲在GRE写作中是很重要的。个人认为提纲的作用有两点：第一，稳定军心。当你有了提纲，你起码就知道先写什么后写什么了。这样你就不会在写手中的句子时又一边在慌神下面该怎么办。对于一开始的进入状态无异于定心之剂；第二，层次清晰。如果碰到了以前有过提纲的那最好了，如果没有，现场列了总归比没有的要好吧。列出了提纲，无论怎么样，都要让文章看起来有个系统，有个层次，有个逻辑顺序。主要的作用就是以上两点。所以我以为给作文列提纲是非常必要和值得的。所谓的四两拔千金，可以很好的解释这个原理。再讨论到如何实践的问题。有人会说自己连文章都写不完，哪来多余的写提纲？1、什么时候开始练习在模考时加入提纲？比较适合的是在最后10天到一周的样子。因为这首先需要在一定高强度的写作练习之后，再者，需要对题目已经有了一定的把握。很多的提纲在之前都大体列过。然后在限时中加入提纲的写作。2、用多长时间列提纲？我的经验是ISSUE总体比ARGU短。ISSUE大体要23分钟，ARGU怎么都要3分钟。可能要5分钟。3、提纲里都要包含些什么？对ISSUE来说，读第一遍题目时把关键词提出来，接着将核心话题列出来，根据这个话题开始一条一条列出你要写的东西；ARGU来说，因为题目比较长，所以读题的时间就要比前者长。第一遍建议先把每一个意群讲的是什么简要提出来，排上序号；第二从这些小短句分析其文章结构和主要错误；第三把自己对错误的阐述顺序列出来。这样差不多是可以的了。4、列提纲的一些技巧。需要在练习中找到自己的记录法，哪种缩写是自己看得明了的。要记出来的摘要最后自己还要辨析几分钟。建议在平时列提纲的时候就有意识的做一下限定时间练习，看23分钟能不能把大体的框架列出来。其他：我觉得如果正确掌握提纲的写法和时间分配问题，将是对于AW的核心实力的一种提高。对比于其他人，无论如何都是要略胜一筹的。鼓励大家去积极尝试，发掘自己最适合的一套方法。我主要就是站出来告诉大家，在45和30分钟内写两个提纲ISSUE650和ARGU550还剩平均3分钟时间检查，是绝对可以实现的。因为我自己就是例子。第一段：开头段。主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。 第一层：This argument concludes/recommends/argues that第二层：To support this conclusion the writer cites/points out that第三层：However, this argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unconvincing/ unpersuasive as it stands.第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。(以因果关系类错误为例)One problem with the argument is that, the editorial observes a correlation between and , then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations forFor example, Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead toWithout ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that第五段：结尾段。作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证，不是这样的。因此作者在做出决定之前，应该还要考虑其他情况。我们通过一篇文章作为实例来介绍Argument的论证步骤和论证方法以及文章结构。In the final analysis, the letters author fails to adequately support the recommendation thatTo bolster the argument, the arguer must provide detailed demographic/statistical evidence showing thatThe author must also provide evidence-perhaps by way of a reliable surveythat为大家整理了一些GRE写作中常用到的黄金句式，希望大家能在考试中用到：1、使用否定的时候，比如：什么什么对个人不好，对社会也不好。为什么不来个倒装？Never/neither/nor/seldom/rarely/on no account + is2、当你想表达“如果怎么怎么样，就是另外一种情况”虚拟语气。为什么不来个虚拟倒装？Were(Had) it，something would.3、强调句的使用：It is people who/ it is something that4、让步句式的使用：“无论什么样的情况下”HoweverNo matter how whateverno matter what等等.还有一种Cogent as this response is, it has some minor errors. Somewhat reasonable as the issue presents, it does not experience a case-by- case examination.还有比较常用的although. It should be admittedly that，however it does not follow that/5、疑问句。用于开头，来个设问句，在自问自答，提出自己观点；用于段中，比如举设想的例子：Can you imagine that?/ How can one imagine?6、定语从句(这个大家一般用的比较熟练，但是注意不要太罗嗦society where(in which)，/ something on which we depend (on whichbased)7、The morethe more句式的使用。人们越幸福，社会越稳定啦、等等。8、Not onlybut also的使用。很好用的，ETS经典的6分范文：专才VS通才不就用了两个嘛？9、without的使用。从反面说，很是能够增加字数。还是那篇范文的结尾，就来了两个非常妙的without。10、还有一些比较常用的：There is no denying that/ there is no doubt that11、还有imong的一个句子：So powerful the scandal is that Watergate became the talk of the world.如此.以至于.开头 1. The arguer may be right about, but he seems to neglect(fail) to mention (take into account) the fact that.2. Although many people believe that , I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination). 3. It would be possible (natural/reasonable) to think (believe/take the view) that, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that 4. A close (careful) inspection (examination/scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless/fallacious) it is. 5. However just (logical/sound/valid) this argument maybe, it only skims the surface of the problem. 结尾 1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors/ Judging from all evidence offered), we may draw (reach/come to /arrive at) the conclusion that 2. It is high time that we place (lay/put) great (special/consideration) emphasis on the improvement (development/increase/promotion) of. 3. There is no easy (immediate/effective) solution (approach/answer/remedy) to the problem of,but .might be useful (helpful/beneficial). 4. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to), but the payoff will be worth the effort. 5. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that.己准备必须多思考，拿了个题目想尽办法去分析，去了解如何写这个题。比如说考试抽到的这个题（这个题比较好写），具体题不记得了，我复述：Itshouldberequiredthatstudentsofamajortakecoursesinadifferentmajorincollege。这个题思考的时候就可以从很多方面入手，比如：对major进行分类，文科类、科学类、纯理论类（theoreticalmath，physics等），他们肯定是不相同的。然后可以说不同的major对其他知识的需求，然后就是college对这类的限制（学到更广的知识，目的是什么，结果如何？），到了社会上如何。甚至，光知识对一个人自身的影响，以及反写等等。能想到这么多，并且把它们分段，有组织地串联起来，这篇文章就算是解决了。这也是一个非常明显的可以正反写的题目（让步、正面写、特例），所有的东西都能为主论点服务，因此相对比较难走题。八个必须第一段：开头段。主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。 第一层：This argument concludes/recommends/argues that第二层：To support this conclusion the writer cites/points out that第三层：However, this argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unconvincing/ unpersuasive as it stands.第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。(以因果关系类错误为例)One problem with the argument is that, the editorial observes a correlation between and , then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations forFor example, Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead toWithout ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that第五段：结尾段。作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证，不是这样的。因此作者在做出决定之前，应该还要考虑其他情况。我们通过一篇文章作为实例来介绍Argument的论证步骤和论