中国文化与翻译考试资料-发给学生.doc

中国文化与翻译（Chinese Culture and Translation）第一部分：一、1， Ecology生态学，2 Material Culture物质文化，3 Social Culture社会文化，4 Religious Culture宗教文化，5 Linguistic Culture语言文化。（一）Festivals 节俗1.Spring Festival 春节2.Lantern Festival 元宵节3.Pure Brightness Festival 清明节4.Dragon Boat Festival 端午节5.Qixi Festival 七夕节6.Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节7.Double Ninth Festival 重阳节8.Winter Solstice Festival 冬至节9.Laba Festival 腊八节11.Bathing Festival 沐浴节14.Torch Festival 火把节15.Water Splashing Festival 泼水节（二）Etiquette and Customs 礼俗1.The Twelve Zodiac Animals 十二生肖2.Red Double Happiness 红双喜3.Teasing the Newly-weds on the Wedding Night 闹新房4.Distributing Red Eggs 分红蛋5.The Grabbing Test on a Babys First Birthday 抓周6.Yasui Money 压岁钱7.Birthday Celebration 祝寿8.Sticking Chinese Character Fu Upside-down 福字倒贴9.No Sneezing 忌喷嚏10.Pouring Dregs of Decoction 泼药渣11.No Stepping on the Threshold 忌踩门槛12.Burning Paper Money 烧纸钱（三）Entertainments 游艺1.Mahjong 麻将2.Riddle Guessing 猜谜3.Untying a Chain of Rings 解连环4.Seven-Piece Puzzle 七巧板5.Dragon-boat Racing 赛龙舟6.Kite Flying 放风筝7.Football 足球8.Tug-of-War 拔河9.Rope Skipping 跳绳10.Swing 荡秋千11.Kicking Shuttlecock 踢毽子12.Hide-and-seek 捉迷藏13.Walking on Stilts 踩高跷14.Setting off Fireworks 放烟花15.Finger Guessing 划拳16.Cricket Fighting 斗蟋蟀17.Guqin, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting 琴棋书画18.Dragon Dance 舞龙19.Lion Dance 舞狮子（四）Mascots 吉祥物1.A Dragon 龙2.A Phoenix 凤凰3.A Kylin 麒麟4.A Peach 桃5.A Peony 牡丹6.Yaoqian Tree and Treasure Bowl 摇钱树与聚宝盆7.The God of Wealth 财神8.A Hare 兔子9.A Pomegranate 石榴10.Sanskirt Presenting Sons 送子观音11.A Magpie 喜鹊12.A Bat 蝙蝠13.Ruyi 如意14.The Three Plant Friends Who Thrive in Cold Weather 岁寒三友15.A Crane 鹤16.A Deer 鹿17.Memorial Archways 牌坊18.Chinese Knots 中国结19.Chopsticks 筷子二、 1 Confucianism in the Pre-Qin Period先秦的儒家思想2 Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty汉代经学3 Taoism in the Pre-Qin Period先秦的道家思想4 Buddhism in the Sui and Tang Dynasties隋唐佛学5 Three Moves by Mencius Mother孟母三迁6 Recommend Oneself for a Position as Mao Sui Did毛遂自荐7 Jing Ke Attempted to Kill the King of the Qin State荆轲刺秦王8 Composing a Poem Within Seven Paces七步成诗9 The Creation of the Earth开天辟地10 Nwa Made Man女娲造人11 Nwa Mended the Sky女祸补天12 Kuafu Chased the Sun夸父逐日13 Change Flew to the Moon嫦娥奔月14 Da Yu Led People in Curbing Floods大禹治水15 Golden Millet Dream Pipe Dream黄粱美梦16 The Guizhou Donkey Has Used Up All Its Tricks黔驴技穷17 The Cowherd and the Girl Weaver牛郎织女18 Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy董永和七仙女19 The Legend of Lady White白娘子的传说20 Three Legends of Lu Ban鲁班的传说（三则）21 Eminent Personnel in the Ancient Times古代文化名人22 Confucius孔子23 Mencius孟子24 The Four Books and The Five Classics四书五经25 Beijing Opera and Local Operas京剧与地方戏曲26 Chinese Painting and Calligraphy中国书画27 Traditional Chinese Figure Painting中国传统人物画28 The Four Treasures of the Study文房四宝29 The “Five Sacred Mountains”五 岳三、 1三国演义Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms 2水浒传The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh3西游记Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgrimage to the West4红楼梦A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream6大学The Great Learning7中庸The Doctrine of the Mean8论语The Analects of Confucius9孟子The Words of Mencius10诗经The Book of Songs12易经The Book of Changes13礼记The Book of Rites14春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals15山海经Mountain and Sea Classics16战国策Stratagems of the Warring States17史记Records of the Grand Historian18世纪新说New Sayings of the World19西厢记Romance of the Western Chamber20. 乐府诗集Collection of Yue Fu Poetry21 阿Q正传The True Story of Ah Q第二部分：一、1Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不想。2No mill, no meal. 不磨面，没面包；不劳动者不得食。3 Easy come, easy go. 得来容易去的快。4Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。5Forbidden fruit is sweet. 禁果分外甜。6In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人国中，独眼称雄。7If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 同时追两兔，全都抓不住。8Half a loaf is better than no bread. 有半块面包总比没有好。9明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.10城门失火，殃及池鱼。A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.11路遥知马力，日久见人心。As a long road tests a horses strength, so a long task proves a persons heart.12初生牛犊不怕虎。New-born calves make little of tigers.13He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind. 玩火者必自焚。14Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。16When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。18半瓶醋，出事故。A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 19少见多怪。Wonder is the daughter of ignorance. 20三思而后行。Look before you leap.21 Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁。22 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。23 Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。24 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。25 欲速则不达。 More haste, less speed.26 出门一里，不如家里。 East and west, home is best.27 拉入篮里就是菜。 All is fish that comes to the net.28 皇天不负苦心人。 Everything comes to him who waits.29 小巫见大巫。 The moon is not seen when the sun shines.30 Sweet lovers love the spring.甜蜜的情侣热爱春天。31 True love never grows old.真正的爱情决不会过时。32 Where love is, there is faith.那里有爱情，那里就有信任。33 Love is the touchstone of virtue.爱情是美德的点金石。34 God help those who help themselves.上帝帮助那些自助的人。二、1. The Traditional Worldview, Values and Mode of Thinking of the Chinese People中国人的传统世界观、价值观和思维模式2. The Rational World Outlook Seeking for Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium理性的求和谐主平衡的世界观3. The Conception of Great National Unity and Values of Collectivism大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向4. The Dialectical Pattern of Thought and the Way of Thinking in the Mode of Confucian Classics Study辩证思维和经学思维5. To Look at Plums to Quench Thirst Console Oneself with False Hopes望梅止渴6. Yue Feis Mother Tattooed Characters on the Skin of Yue Fei岳母刺字7. Old Man Yu Gong Moved Away Mountains Spirit of Perseverance愚公移山8. To Help the Shoots Grow by Pulling Them Upward Spoil Things by Excessive Enthusiasm揠苗助长9. To Penetrate Ones Shield with Ones Own Spear Self-Contradiction自相矛盾10. To Stand by a Tree Trunk Waiting for More Hares to Dash Themselves Against It Wait for a Windfall守株待兔第三部分：1 As a sporting game, tug-of-war not only strengthens the body, but also brings about a lot of fun. Besides, it is not restricted by space, for it can be held wherever there is an open ground and a thick rope. More importantly, tug-of-war cultivates strong team spirit, the base of cohesive forces in a nation and in a working unit as well. Those are the reasons for tug-of-wars long-standing existence and popularity among the Chinese people.拔河比赛不仅能强身健体，而且生动有趣，并且不受场地的限制，只要有个空场、有根粗绳，就能拔将起来。更为难能可贵的是，拔河比赛中还体现出一种强烈的集体主义精神。这种集体主义精神不仅是一个国家的凝聚力所在，也是一个单位开拓进取的基础。正因为如此，拔河游戏才得以长期流传于民间，深受广大民众的喜爱。2 Traditional Chinese landscape painting takes natural landscape as its object of description. While creating rich and colorful natural landscapes, it embodies