关 键 词：

自动 立体车库 plc 控制系统 设计 cad 图纸 以及 说明书 仿单

资源描述：

内容简介：

周次 起止日期 工作计划、进度 每周主要完成内容1-3 2012年 11月 12日 -2012年 12月 查阅相关资料，完成开题报告 按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书4-102012年 12月 3日-2013年 1月 20日指导专业实训，要求了解企业结构 进入工厂实习，了解企业生产流程11 2013年 2月 11日-2月 16日 查找一篇与论文相关的学术性英文资料，要求是期刊论文 查找一篇关于自动立体车库PLC控制系统的学术性英文资料12 2013年 2月 18日-2月 23日 严格按照要求翻译英文资料，其中公式必须用公式编辑器输入 翻译英文资料13 2013年 3月 4日 -3月 8日 指导完成总体结构方案设计选择所要设计的自动立体车库架构，确定PLC控制系统的设计方案，整理设计思路14 2013年 3月 4日 -3月 9日 指导完成电机的选择 通过计算所需功率完成电机的选择15 2013年 3月 11号-3月 16日 指导完成输入输出点分配 完成输入输出点分配并绘制表格16 2013年 3月 18日-3月 23日 指导完成PLC选型 完成PLC选型17 2013年 3月 25日-3月 30日 指导完成接线图和流程图 完成接线图和流程图18 2013年 4月 1日 -4月 6日 完成各个模块梯形图的绘制 完成工作方式选择模块、自动工作车位选择模块和复位模块的梯形图19 2013年 4月 8日 -4月 13日 完成各个模块梯形图的绘制 完成4、5、6号车位下降模块和7、8、9、10号车位下降模块的梯形图20 2013年 4月 15日-4月 20日 完成各个模块梯形图的绘制 完成手动方式车位选择模块和手动方式车位运动模块的梯形图21 2013年 4月 22日-4月 27日 指导说明书初稿写作 根据所下载的资料，构思并开始写说明书22 2013年 4月 29日-5月 3日 指导说明书二稿写作、修改将整篇文章的脉络、细节加以完善，用词准确，不出现病句等。23 2013年 5月 6日 -5月 10 指导修改说明书并定稿 说明书按照模板进行修改24 2013年 5月 13日-5月 18日 说明书及相关资料、图纸打印装订 打印说明书和图纸及相关资料25 2013年 5月 20日 -5月 25日 指导学生整理资料，准备答辩 整理资料，并熟读资料，做好充分准备2、本表由各系妥善归档，保存备查。无锡太湖学院 2013 届毕业作业周次进度计划、检查落实表系别：信机系 班级：机械93 学生姓名：祁鹏 课题（设计）名称：自动立体车库 PLC控制系统设计 开始日期： 2012年 11月 12日说明： 1、 “工作计划、进度 ”、 “指导教师意见并签字 ”由指导教师填写， “每周主要完成内容 ”， “存在问题、改进方法 ”由学生填写。存在问题、改进方法 指导教师意见并签字参考资料不太详细，论文中相关的设计结构比较分散，要将各论文中设计的部件整合起来一起研究分析虽然不是第一次进入工厂实习，但是各方面任然都很欠缺，要增强动手能力，加强熟悉工作流程学术性英文资料比较难找，大多是综述性文章，要多加查阅翻译中遇到很多专业术语，翻译语句不通顺，加强专业英语的练习，使语句通顺设计思路不够完善，存在漏洞，设定计划计算的时候忽略了一些损耗，重复计算，把损耗考虑进去对于各输入输出点关系不太清楚，要理清各点之间的关系对各个PLC型号功能不了解，查阅资料，了解各个型号和功能画法出现错误，参考一些接线图和流程图对各章应写哪些内容比较模糊，可根据设计的图纸，着重介绍个部件有很多细节错误，将文章再复查一边，避免出现语句上的和细节方面的错误格式经常出错，耐心修改，要熟练使用word各项功能论文格式严格按照学校的规范进行修改,完善存在很多细节方面的错误，应认真检查并及时改正2、本表由各系妥善归档，保存备查。对梯形图的画法已经STEP 7的使用不够熟练，多次使用，是自己对画法和STEP 7更加熟练。存档编码：无锡太湖学院 2013 届毕业作业周次进度计划、检查落实表系别：信机系 班级：机械93 学生姓名：祁鹏 课题（设计）名称：自动立体车库 PLC控制系统设计 开始日期： 2012年 11月 12日说明： 1、 “工作计划、进度 ”、 “指导教师意见并签字 ”由指导教师填写， “每周主要完成内容 ”， “存在问题、改进方法 ”由学生填写。备 注2、本表由各系妥善归档，保存备查。存档编码：无锡太湖学院 2013 届毕业作业周次进度计划、检查落实表系别：信机系 班级：机械93 学生姓名：祁鹏 课题（设计）名称：自动立体车库 PLC控制系统设计 开始日期： 2012年 11月 12日说明： 1、 “工作计划、进度 ”、 “指导教师意见并签字 ”由指导教师填写， “每周主要完成内容 ”， “存在问题、改进方法 ”由学生填写。编 号无锡太湖学院毕 业 设 计 （ 论 文 ）相 关 资 料题目： 自动立体车库 PLC 控制系统设计 信 机 系 机 械 工 程 及 自 动 化 专 业学 号： 0923147学生姓名： 祁 鹏 指导教师： 黄敏 （职称：副教授 ）2013 年 5 月 25 日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕 业 设 计 （ 论 文 ）开 题 报 告题目： 自动立体车库 PLC 控制系统设计 信 机 系 机 械 工 程 及 自 动 化 专 业学 号： 0923147 学生姓名： 祁 鹏 指导教师： 黄敏 （职称：副教授 ）2012 年 11 月 25 日 课题来源自拟题目科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义随着城市规模越来越大，城市人口、车辆日渐增多，市区尤其是中心商业区“停车难”的问题已成为制约城市发展的一大难题。立体车库与传统的自然地下车库相比，在许多方面都显示出优越性。首先，立体车库具有突出的节地优势。以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通道，平均一辆车就要占据 40 平方米的面积，而如果采用双层机械立体车库，可使地面的使用率提高8090，如果采用地上多层（21 层）立体式车库的话，50 平方米的土地面积上便可存放 40 辆车，这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源，并节省土建开发成本。立体车库与地下车库相比可更加有效地保证人身和车辆的安全，人在车库内或车不停准位置，由电子控制的整个设备便不会运转。应该说，机械车库从管理上可以做到彻底的人车分流。在地下立体车库中采用机械存车，还可以免除采暖通风设施，因此，运行中的耗电量比工人管理的地下车库低得多。机械车库一般不做成套系统，而是以单台集装而成。这样可以充分发挥其用地少、可化整为零的优势，在住宅区的每个组团中或每栋楼下都可以随机设立机械停车楼。这对眼下车库短缺的小区解决停车难的问题提供了方便条件。（2）自动立体车库 PLC 控制系统的研究状况及其发展前景立体车库在中国是个新兴行业。但随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，小轿车的数量增长迅猛，人们对车库的需求也越来越高，生产厂家逐渐增多。由于绝大部分的轿车集中在大、中城市,城市轿车数量的大幅度增加必然引起对停车位需求的增加,预计在今后 5 年内我国城市至少要有约 250 万个停车库才能满足需求。车库门的年需求量高达 300 万套,而实际产量为 150 万套。自动门、工业门的需求量为 460 万平方米,其中自动门的需求量为 250 万平方米，前景十分明朗。研究内容 了解自动立体车库的工作原理，国内外的研究发展现状； 完成自动立体车库 PLC 控制方案设计； 完成有关控制系统的主电路、控制电路及控制元气件的选型设计；并完成 PLC 程序编制； 完成设计说明书的撰写，并翻译外文资料 1 篇。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析实验方案：结合现实生活中已经建成的升降横移式立体车库的项目，了解立体车库运行的基本原理和轿车停车流程，记录立体车库使用注意事项等。参阅了国内外的几种升降横移式立体车库的相关资料，对当前的车库技术发展前沿有了大概的了解，从而把握国内外车库技术的发展趋势和方向；通过网上检索，了解立体车库最新国内外发展概况等。了解建设立体车库的钢材选用，电机选择，建设方法等。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：1012 年 11 月 12 日2012 年 12 月 12 日：查阅与毕业设计相关的资料，并填写开题报告。2012 年 12 月 03 日2013 年 01 月 20 日：进入工厂实习，填写毕业实习报告。2013 年 02 月 11 日2013 年 02 月 23 日：查找一篇有关于自动立体车库 PLC 控制系统的学术性英文文献并翻译。2013 年 03 月 04 日2013 年 04 月 20 日：自动立体车库 PLC 控制系统设计。2013 年 04 月 22 日2010 年 05 月 23 日：说明书的写作及相关资料、图纸的打印装订，并准备答辩预期成果：这套低成本、高效率、高可靠性、人性化的自动车库门,能在市场竞争中处于有利地位。自动车库应用范围广泛,既可用于商业性车库,又可用于住房配套用车库,其推广应用社会经济效益十分显著,对改善城市面貌有重大意义。特色或创新之处 使用 PLC 编程软件编程仿真，效果明显，方便改变参量，能够直观判断设计结果。 采用固定某些参量、改变某些参量来研究问题的方法，思路清晰，简洁明了，行之有效。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 实验方案思路已经非常明确，已经具备使用 PLC 编程软件编程仿真的能力和数据 处理方面的知识 使用 PLC 编程软件编程的能力尚需加强。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年 月 日系意见主管领导签名：年 月 日英文原文A study on PLC by means of the direct conversion of the ladder diagram to circuit design language1.PLC overviewProgrammable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable logic controller (Programmable Logic Controller) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgment, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target.In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgment functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electro technical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition : programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes. Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features.First, high reliability, anti-interference capability;Second，programming visual, simple;Third, adaptability good;Fourth functional improvements, strong functional interface.2.History of PLCProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC), a computing device invented by Richard E. Morley in 1968, have been widely used in industry including manufacturing systems, transportation systems, chemical process facilities, and many others. At that time, the PLC replaced the hardwired logic with soft-wired logic or so-called relay ladder logic (RLL), a programming language visually resembling the hardwired logic, and reduced thereby the configuration time from 6 months down to 6 days Moody and Morley, 1999.Although PC based control has started to come into place, PLC based control will remain the technique to which the majority of industrial applications will adhere due to its higher performance, lower price, and superior reliability in harsh environments. Moreover, according to a study on the PLC market of Frost and Sullivan 1995, an increase of the annual sales volume to 15 million PLCs per year with the hardware value of more than 8 billion US dollars has been predicted, though the prices of computing hardware is steadily dropping. The inventor of the PLC, Richard E Morley, fairly considers the PLC market as a 5-billion industry at the present time.Though PLCs are widely used in industrial practice, the programming of PLC based control systems is still very much relying on trial-and-error. Alike software engineering, PLC software design is facing the software dilemma or crisis in a similar way. Morley himself emphasized this aspect most forcefully by indicating If houses were built like software projects, a single woodpecker could destroy civilization.”Particularly, practical problems in PLC programming are to eliminate software bugs and to reduce the maintenance costs of old ladder logic programs. Though the hardware costs of PLCs are dropping continuously, reducing the scan time of the ladder logic is still an issue in industry so that low-cost PLCs can be used.In general, the productivity in generating PLC is far behind compared to other domains, for instance, VLSI design, where efficient computer aided design tools are in practice. Existent software engineering methodologies are not necessarily applicable to the PLC based software design because PLC-programming requires a simultaneous consideration of hardware and software. The software design becomes, thereby, more and more the major cost driver. In many industrial design projects, more than of the manpower allocated for the control system design and installation is scheduled for testing and debugging PLC programs.In addition, current PLC based control systems are not properly designed to support the growing demand for flexibility and reconfigurability of manufacturing systems. A further problem, impelling the need for a systematic design methodology, is the increasing software complexity in large-scale projects.The objective of this thesis is to develop a systematic software design methodology for PLC operated automation systems. The design methodology involves high-level description based on state transition models that treat automation control systems as discrete event systems, a stepwise design process, and set of design rules providing guidance and measurements to achieve a successful design. The tangible outcome of this research is to find a way to reduce the uncertainty in managing the control software development process, that is, reducing programming and debugging time and their variation, increasing flexibility of the automation systems, and enabling software reusability through modularity. The goal is to overcome shortcomings of current programming strategies that are based on the experience of the individual software developer.3.Now of PLCFrom the structure is divided into fixed PLC and Module PLC, the two kinds of PLC including CPU board, I/O board, display panel, memory block, power, these elements into a do not remove overall. Module type PLC including CPU module, I/O modules, memory, the power modules, bottom or a frame, these modules can be according to certain rules combination configuration.In the user view, a detailed analysis of the CPUs internal unnecessary, but working mechanism of every part of the circuit. The CPU control works, by it reads CPU instruction, interprets the instruction and executes instructions. But the pace of work by shock signal control. Unit work under the controller command used in a digital or logic operations.In computing and storage register of computation result, it is also among the controller command and work. CPU speed and memory capacity is the important parameters fot PLC . its determines the PLC speed of work, IO PLC number and software capacity, so limits to control size. Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8-bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16-and 32-bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that youll find mostly Hitachi and Fujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemens in European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of communication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output.System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated forma ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case where user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology this process was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development.User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts of a memory are used for storing input and output status. The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/ each input or output has one corresponding bit in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory.PLC controller can be reprogrammed through a computer (usual way), but also through manual programmers (consoles). This practically means that each PLC controller can programmed through a computer if you have the software needed for programming. Todays transmission computers are ideal for reprogramming a PLC controller in factory itself. This is of great importance to industry. Once the system is corrected, it is also important to read the right program into a PLC again. It is also good to check from time to time whether program in a PLC has not changed. This helps to avoid hazardous situations in factory rooms (some automakers have established communication networks which regularly check programs in PLC controllers to ensure execution only of good programs).Almost every program for programming a PLC controller possesses various useful options such as: forced switching on and off of the system input/outputs (I/O lines), program follow up in real time as well as documenting a diagram. This documenting is necessary to understand and define failures and malfunctions. Programmer can add remarks, names of input or output devices, and comments that can be useful when finding errors, or with system maintenance. Adding comments and remarks enables any technician (and not just a person who developed the system) to understand a ladder diagram right away. Comments and remarks can even quote precisely part numbers if replacements would be needed. This would speed up a repair of any problems that come up due to bad parts. The old way was such that a person who developed a system had protection on the program, so nobody aside from this person could understand how it was done. Correctly documented ladder diagram allows any technician to understand thoroughly how system functions. Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit. Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. On some PLC controllers youll find electrical supply as a separate module. Those are usually bigger PLC controllers, while small and medium series already contain the supply module. User has to determine how much current to take from I/O module to ensure that electrical supply provides appropriate amount of current. Different types of modules use different amounts of electrical current.This electrical supply is usually not used to start external input or output. User has to provide separate supplies in starting PLC controller inputs because then you can ensure so called “pure” supply for the PLC controller. With pure supply we mean supply where industrial environment can not affect it damagingly. Some of the smaller PLC controllers supply their inputs with voltage from a small supply source already incorporated into a PLC.4.PLC design criteria A systematic approach to designing PLC software can overcome deficiencies in the traditional way of programming manufacturing control systems, and can have wide ramifications in several industrial applications. Automation control systems are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state machines. Formal representations provide a high-level description of the behavior of the system to be controlled. State machines can be analytically evaluated as to whether or not they meet the desired goals. Secondly, a state machine description provides a structured representation to convey the logical requirements and constraints such as detailed safety rules. Thirdly, well-defined control systems design outcomes are conducive to automatic code generation- An ability to produce control software executable on commercial distinct logic controllers can reduce programming lead-time and labor cost. In particular, the thesis is relevant with respect to the following aspects.In modern manufacturing, systems are characterized by product and process innovation, become customer-driven and thus have to respond quickly to changing system requirements. A major challenge is therefore to provide enabling technologies that can economically reconfigure automation control systems in response to changing needs and new opportunities. Design and operational knowledge can be reused in real-time, therefore, giving a significant competitive edge in industrial practice.Studies have shown that programming methodologies in automation systems have not been able to match rapid increase in use of computing resources. For instance, the programming of PLCs still relies on a conventional programming style with ladder logic diagrams. As a result, the delays and resources in programming are a major stumbling stone for the progress of manufacturing industry. Testing and debugging may consume over 50% of the manpower allocated for the PLC program design. Standards IEC 60848, 1999; IEC-61131-3, 1993; IEC 61499, 1998; ISO 15745-1, 1999 have been formed to fix and disseminate state-of-the-art design methods, but they normally cannot participate in advancing the knowledge of efficient program and system design.A systematic approach will increase the level of design automation through reusing existing software components, and will provide methods to make large-scale system design manageable. Likewise, it will improve software quality and reliability and will be relevant to systems high security standards, especially those having hazardous impact on the environment such as airport control, and public railroads.The software industry is regarded as a performance destructor and complexity generator. Steadily shrinking hardware prices spoils the need for software performance in terms of code optimization and efficiency. The result is that massive and less efficient software code on one hand outpaces the gains in hardware performance on the other hand. Secondly, software proliferates into complexity of unmanageable dimensions; software redesign and maintenance-essential in modern automation systems-becomes nearly impossible. Particularly, PLC programs have evolved from a couple lines of code 25 years ago to thousands of lines of code with a similar number of 1/O points. Increased safety, for instance new policies on fire protection, and the flexibility of modern automation systems add complexity to the program design process. Consequently, the life-cycle cost of software is a permanently growing fraction of the total cost. 80-90% of these costs are going into software maintenance, debugging, adaptation and expansion to meet changing needs.Today, the primary focus of most design research is based on mechanical or electrical products. One of the by-products of this proposed research is to enhance our fundamental understanding of design theo