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外文资料翻译- 1 -The characteristics and trends of PLC, DCS and industrial PCPLC、工业 PC 与 DCS 的特点与趋势At present, widely used in industrial automation systems of the three large industrial PC, DCS and PLC. Here, for their economic and technological standards and development trends described.目前，广泛应用于工业自动化系统的 3 大件是工业 PC、DCS 和 PLC。在此，对于他们的经济技术水平和发展趋势进行叙述。First, the characteristics and Application of PLC 一、可编程序控制器的特点 及应用1.PLC Application1. PLC 的应用Early PLC (Programmable Logic Controller, PLC), mainly to replace relay logic control to achieve. With computer technology, communications technology and the rapid development of automatic control technology, the PLC will be the traditional relay control technology and the emerging computer technology and communications technology integration, with high reliability, strong function and flexible, Programming simple, easy to use and a series of advantages, as well as good performance of the industrial environment and control targets of performance in industrial production in a wide range of applications.早期的可编程序控制器(Programmable Logic Controller，PLC)，主要用来代替继电器实现逻辑控制。随着计算机技术、通信技术和自动控制技术的迅速发展，可编程序控制器将传统的继电器控制技术与新兴的计算机技术和通信技术融为一体，具有可靠性高、功能强、应用灵活、编程简单、使用方便等一系列优点，以及良好的工业环境工作性能和自动控制目标实现性能，在工业生产中得到了广泛的应用。1969, the United States Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) developed the worlds first programmable controller. Early separation from the programmable controller components and small and medium-sized integrated circuit component, the 外文资料翻译- 2 -main function previously performed by the relay is completed sequence control, such as timing. The early 1970s, small size, strong function and cheaper microprocessors used PLC, makes the PLC function has been enhanced significantly. In terms of hardware, in addition to maintaining its original switch modules, has also increased the simulation module, remote I / O modules and special function modules all. In terms of software, easy to use PLC Electric staff in the ladder diagram programming language, in addition to maintaining the original logic functions, has also increased the arithmetic operations, data processing and transmission, communications and self-diagnostic capabilities. In the 1980s, the late, as ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology is developing rapidly, microprocessor market a sharp price drop, the PLC makes the microprocessors used by the general improvement in grades. Furthermore, in order to further improve the processing speed of PLC, the manufacturer has developed a dedicated logic chip, greatly improving the PLC hardware and software functions.1969 年，美国数字设备公司(DEC)研制出世界上第一台可编程控制器。早期的可编程控制器由分离元件和中小规模集成电路组成，主要功能是执行原先由继电器完成的顺序控制、定时等。70 年代初期，体积小、功能强和价格便宜的微处理器被用于 PLC，使得 PLC 的功能大大增强。在硬件方面，除了保持其原有的开关模块以外，还增加了模拟量模块、远程 I/O 模块和各种特殊功能模块。在软件方面，PLC 采用极易为电气人员掌握的梯形图编程语言，除了保持原有的逻辑运算等功能以外，还增加了算术运算、数据处理和传送、通讯、自诊断等功能。进入 80 年代中、后期，由于超大规模集成电路技术的迅速发展，微处理器的市场价格大幅度下跌，使得 PLC 所采用的微处理器的档次普遍提高。而且，为了进一步提高 PLC 的处理速度，各制造厂商还研制开发了专用逻辑处理芯片，大大提高了 PLC 软、硬件功能。2.Characteristics PLC2. PLC 的特点In the developed industrial countries, PLC has been widely used in all industrial sectors. According to The United States market information World PLC and software market report, in 1995 the global software PLC and its economies of scale of 外文资料翻译- 3 -about 5 billion US dollars 5. As electronic technology and the development of computer technology, the PLC functions are greatly enhanced, with the following characteristics:在发达工业国家，PLC 已经广泛的应用在所有的工业部门。据“美国市场信息”的世界 PLC 以及软件市场报告称，1995 年全球 PLC 及其软件的市场经济规模约 50 亿美元5。随着电子技术和计算机技术的发展，PLC 的功能得到大大的增强，具有以下特点：(1) high reliability. PLC benefited from the high-reliability hardware and software on a series of anti-jamming measures and the cycle of its special scanning methods of work. (1)可靠性高。PLC 的高可靠性得益于软、硬件上一系列的抗干扰措施和它特殊的周期循环扫描工作方式。(2) with rich I / O interface module. PLC for different industrial field signal and the corresponding I / O modules and industrial devices or equipment at the scene of a direct connection. In addition to improving performance, it also has a variety of man-machine dialogue interface modules to the industrial composition of local area networks, it also multiple communications network interface module.(2)具有丰富的 I/O 接口模块。PLC 针对不同的工业现场信号，有相应的I/O 模块与工业现场的器件或设备直接连接。另外为了提高操作性能，它还有多种人机对话的接口模块；为了组成工业局部网络，它还有多种通讯联网的接口模块。(3) modular structure. To meet the needs of various industrial control, in addition to a small PLC unit, the vast majority of PLC are modular structure. PLC various components, including the CPU, power supply, I / O, etc. is modular in design from the rack and cables will connect each module, the systems size and function in accordance with the needs of users of its own portfolio. (3)采用模块化结构。为了适应各种工业控制需要，除了单元式的小型 PLC以外，绝大多数 PLC 均采用模块化结构。PLC 的各个部件，包括 CPU、电源、I/O 等均采用模块化设计，由机架及电缆将各模块连接起来，系统的规模和功能可根据用户的需要自行组合。外文资料翻译- 4 -(4) easy to learn programming. Most of the PLC programming relay control circuit similar to the ladder diagram form, the user, do not have computer expertise, it is easy to general engineering and technical personnel understand and master. (4)编程简单易学。PLC 的编程大多采用类似于继电器控制线路的梯形图形式，对使用者来说，不需要具备计算机的专门知识，因此很容易被一般工程技术人员所理解和掌握。(5) Installation is simple and easy maintenance. PLC does not require specialized equipment room in a variety of industrial environments can be directly run. Various modules are run and fault indication devices, user-friendly understanding of the operation and find fault. The modular structure, so any failure of a module, users can replace the module, allowing the system to rapidly resume operation.(5)安装简单，维修方便。PLC 不需要专门的机房，可以在各种工业环境下直接运行。各种模块上均有运行和故障指示装置，便于用户了解运行情况和查找故障。由于采用模块化结构，因此一旦某模块发生故障，用户可以通过更换模块的方法，使系统迅速恢复运行。Second, the characteristics and Application of industrial PC 二、工业 PC 1.Industrial PC industrial control applications 1. 工业 PC 的工业控制应用Industrial PC hardware and software support of a broad, diverse varieties can take full advantage of excellent graphical user interface capabilities, the industrial users an enormously attractive. Early PC but not suitable for industrial process control automation applications, such as increasing modified by strengthening the protection of the case, such as cooling damping taken measures to meet the industrial environment is the application of some of the requirements of the characteristics of its early development. In recent years, with the further integration of chips increase, the increase in functionality, system board technology, packaging components and surface mount technology improvements, and standard industrial bus, a standard operating system and graphical user interface software development, the Industrial PC 外文资料翻译- 5 -development and application to enter its peak period, the complete machine reliability improved hardware, system software has continually improved, greatly enriched applications, in-depth industrial automation and control industries in various fields. According to incomplete statistics, in the industrial automation industrial PC usage in the total industrial control computer 65%, and an annual growth rate of 21 per cent continued to expand. PC manufacturing industry by buying rate of the PC market as a whole accounted for about 10 percent. In the industrial automation process control systems used in industrial management industry accounted for 44.1%, applied to the console operator of 36.4%, applied to the management of the quality of 18.8%, applied to monitor and control, engineers console, Data Acquisition System respectively of the total 18.2%, 12.6% and 11.1%. 工业 PC 具有广泛软硬件支持特性，品种丰富多样，能充分利用优良图形用户界面功能，对工业用户有巨大吸引力。但早期 PC 不适合工业自动化过程控制应用，通过加固改装如增加保护机壳、采取减振降温等措施，满足工业环境应用的一些要求是其初期发展的特点。近年来，随着芯片集成度的进一步提高，功能增加，制板工艺、元器件封装和表面安装技术的改进，及标准工业总线、标准操作系统和图形用户界面软件的发展，工业 PC 的发展和应用进入鼎盛时期，整机硬件可靠性提高，系统软件不断完善，应用软件极大丰富，深入工业自动化控制行业各个领域。据不完全统计，工业 PC 在工业自动化中的使用率占全部工业控制计算机的 65%，且每年以 21%的增长速度继续扩大。制造业购买的工业PC 按金额计算占整个 PC 市场 10%左右。在工业自动化过程控制系统行业应用于工业管理的占 44.1%，应用于操作员控制台的占 36.4%，应用于质量管理的占18.8%，应用于监视和控制、工程师控制台、数据采集系统的分别占总数的18.2%、12.6%和 11.1%。Industrial PC A notable feature is independent of configuration, but also with the DCS, PLC, CNC and other computer connected network. At present, almost all DCS, PLC manufacturers use industrial PC control system preparation procedures, more and more companies use industrial control system operator interface PC as a workstation. Formed by the industrial PC computer control system in the field of industrial automation process control play a very important role, has been outstanding for factory and workshop level process control, data acquisition, batch processing, 外文资料翻译- 6 -quality control, automation and machine optimization and experts control, and other tasks.工业 PC 的一个显著特点是可独立组态，也可与 DCS、PLC、CNC 和其他计算机连成网络。目前，几乎所有 DCS、PLC 生产制造商都采用工业 PC 编制控制系统程序，越来越多控制系统公司采用工业 PC 作为操作员界面工作站。由工业PC 所组成的计算机控制系统在工业自动化过程控制领域发挥了十分重要的作用，已出色地用于工厂和车间级过程控制、数据采集、批量处理、质量管理、机床自动化以及优化和专家控制等任务。2. Main features of the PC industry 2. 工业 PC 的主要特点 (1)an industry-standard application (1)工业标准的应用 In order to enable different computer manufacturers can be linked to one another, as well as take full advantage of the market varied PC components and the functions provided by the module, industrial PC with standard interface, which not only required by the IEEE, DIN and ISO standards, to adopt AT (ISA), EISA and STD, VME, Multibus , and other bus standards. Industrial PC now has been widely adopted PCI, PCMCIA bus standard, the two industry-standard bus for improved performance and speed of a PC great role.为了使不同厂家生产的计算机能相互连接，也为充分利用市场上多种多样PC 元件和模块所提供的功能，工业 PC 采用了标准接口，它不仅需采用IEEE、DIN 和 ISO 等标准，还需采用 AT(ISA)、EISA 及 STD、VME、Multibus等总线标准。现在工业 PC 已广泛采用了 PCI、PCMCIA 总线标准，这两种标准总线对于提高工业 PC 性能和速度有极大推动作用。(2)to take the necessary protection measures (2)采取必要的保护措施 Applications must be based on the control of environmental conditions on the PC industry adopt various protective measures, adapted from a project management departments to the scene operational control applications. Industrial PC must be able 外文资料翻译- 7 -tolerance of the harsh conditions at the production environment, we must have good heat dissipation, ventilation, waterproof, dustproof, anti-jamming and anti-corrosion and anti-shock, anti-vibration and a series of protective features.必须根据控制应用的环境条件对工业 PC 采取各种保护性措施，使之适合于从工程管理部门到现场操作控制的应用。工业 PC 必须要能耐受条件恶劣的现场生产环境，必须具备良好的散热、通风、防水、防尘、抗干扰、抗腐蚀、防冲击、抗振动等一系列保护性特点。(3)industrial operating system (3)采用工业操作系统 MS-DOS because of lack of memory, unable to support multi-task, the lack of real-time features networking capacity and poor, has been basically not used. Along with the main computer chip, the rapid development of higher speed and better performance of industrial PC endless. In addition, almost all software development companies have shifted the focus will be open to the OS / 2, Windows and Unix, and other operating systems. Especially suitable for industrial process control automation real-time multi-tasking operating system application of Windows NT/2000 PC industry has generally become the mainstream operating system.MS-DOS 因内存不足，无法支持多任务，缺乏实时性功能，连网能力差等缺点，目前已基本不采用了。随着计算机主芯片的飞速发展，更高性能和更高速度的工业 PC 层出不穷。另外，现在几乎所有软件开发公司都已将开放重点转移到 OS/2、Windows 和 Unix 等操作系统上。尤其是适合于工业自动化过程控制系统实时多任务操作应用的 Windows NT/2000 已经普遍成为工业 PC 的主流操作系统。(4)and automation equipment and communications systems (4)与自动化设备和系统的通信 Industrial PC should be able to with a variety of automated equipment and systems for effective communication, such as PLC, DCS, data acquisition systems, as well as on a management computer communication. With the continuous development of new technologies, due to open systems and system integration technology for the development needs of the PC industry these communications will be increasingly important role in the show. 外文资料翻译- 8 -工业 PC 须能与各种自动化设备和系统进行有效通信，如与 PLC、DCS、数据采集系统以及上一级管理计算机的通信。随着新技术的不断发展，由于系统开放和系统集成技术的发展需要，工业 PC 的这些通信功能将会越来越显示出其重要作用。Standard communications network to the development of the industrial PC applications more open, and will enable its small computer pose a greater threat. MAP agreement to Ethernet-based communication networks to allow various computer systems communicate with each other directly. Different levels of automation in the mutual communication network systems, require separate handling of the communication channel. Industrial PC required monitoring level from the lower level data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer on. 标准通信网络的发展使工业 PC 的应用更开放，并能使它对小型计算机构成更大威胁。以 MAP 协议为基础的 Ethernet 通信网络允许各种计算机系统间直接相互通信。在不同级别自动化网络系统间相互通信时，则需单独处理各通信信道。监控级工业 PC 则需从下级系统采集数据信息，并传送到上一级计算机。(5)the safe operation of (5)安全操作特性In addition to the PC industry adopt various protective measures, the need for the operation of state industrial PC monitor, monitor the operation of computer systems and software, scheduled inspection procedures specified in the implementation of the cycle. Computer should be able to monitor the power supply, and failure or excessive deviation warning signal was issued.除了对工业 PC 采取各种保护性措施以外，还需要对工业 PC 的操作状态进行监视，监视计算机的运行及其软件系统，检查具体程序在预定周期内的执行情况。计算机应能监视电源电压，并在故障或偏差过大时发出报警信号。 3.Industrial PC the status quo and development trend 3. 工业 PC 的现状及发展趋势Industrial PC now have a wide range of performance and functionality, low-grade industrial PC with a CRT terminal operators, high-grade industrial workstation with a PC. Thus, high-grade and low-grade industrial PC workstation performance 外文资料翻译- 9 -and the price of overlap, the difference is disappearing, industrial PC and workstations increasingly blurred the boundaries between. 工业 PC 现在具有各种各样的性能和功能，低档工业 PC 与 CRT 操作终端相当，高档工业 PC 可与工作站相当。因此，高档工业 PC 与低档工作站的价格和性能重叠，差别正在消失，工业 PC 与工作站之间的界限越来越模糊。Industrial PC workstation is the industrial automation process control system applications excellent choice, standard communication networks and the use of graphical operating system makes industrial PC and other equipment to effectively communicate. With 32-bit and 64-bit computer chips and the emergence of use, will be further enhanced industrial PC workstation functionality and performance, but also to a higher future direction. 工业 PC 工作站是工业自动化过程控制系统应用的优良选择，标准通信网络和图形化操作系统的采用使得工业 PC 与其他设备能有效地进行通信。随着 32位和 64 位计算机芯片的出现和使用，将会进一步提高工业 PC 工作站的功能和性能，今后还会向更高方向发展。 Industrial PC software is in the process of industrial automation control system of a key application. Hardware performance and the improvement of the drop in prices, as well as standardization and greater efficiency, better graphics and the use of the operating system to promote industrial PC software is an important factor in development. At present, the rapid development of industrial PC software on the market has thousands of independent software development company can supply in the industrial PC running on industrial process control configuration software package to meet the rapid growth of the industrial user needs. Industrial PC application of industrial process control software packages are running on the configuration of OS / 2, Windows, and UNIX operating system standard. Industrial process control applications have emerged in large quantities, software development companies can provide a large number of industrial PC on the run for the PLC, DCS, such as industrial automation and control system configuration tools and graphical user interface software. Many PLC, DCS manufacturers development of the software configuration tool for automatic control system has become an important component. They used to replace dedicated industrial PC workstations, for the creation of real-外文资料翻译- 10 -time database, the control loop, graphic footage showed police records, real-time and historical trend data recording and process control, simulation, and other tasks. Now, for the process of surveillance and control, unit control, factory data collection, process optimization control, process control, simulation, statistical quality-control (SQC), the Statistical Process Control (SPC) and expert system for the control of industrial automation and control package has been tremendous developments. DAE applications such as IBMs software platform and the emergence of applications, the application provides a unified software development tool. Application Platform features from the PC-industry data exchange within the factory to the coordination of multiple systems, the standard data interface allows computer control equipment and exchange of data and information networks, for integrated information management and control system provides great convenience. 软件是工业 PC 在工业自动化过程控制系统中应用的关键。硬件性能的提高和价格的下降，以及标准化和功效更强、更好图形化操作系统的采用是促进工业 PC 软件发展的重要因素。当前，工业 PC 软件发展迅速，市场上已有数千家独立软件开发公司能供应在工业 PC 上运行的工业过程控制组态软件包，以满足急速增长的工业用户需要。工业 PC 上应用的工业过程控制组态软件包大多运行在 OS/2、Windows 和 UNIX 等标准操作系统上。工业过程控制应用软件大批量涌现，软件开发公司提供了大量可在工业 PC 之上运行，用于 PLC、DCS 等工业自动化控制系统的组态工具和图形化人机界面软件。许多 PLC、DCS 生产制造商开发的组态工具软件已成为其自动化控制系统的重要组成部分。他们采用工业 PC代替专用工作站，用于建立实时数据库、控制回路、图形画面显示、报警记录、实时和历史数据趋势记录以及过程控制仿真等任务。现在，各种用于过程监视与控制、单元控制、工厂数据采集、过程优化控制、过程控制仿真、统计式质量控制(SQC)、统计式过程控制(SPC)以及专家系统控制的专用工业自动化控制软件包都有了巨大发展。IBM 公司 DAE 等应用平台软件的出现和应用，为应用软件开发提供了统一工具。应用平台功能可从工业 PC 机间的数据交换到工厂范围内多个系统的协调，其标准数据接口允许计算机、控制设备和网络间互换数据信息，这些为集成信息管理与控制系统提供了极大方便。外文资料翻译- 11 -Along with the standard graphical operating system continuously improve and develop, process control and industrial automation package greatly enriched, the industrial PC applications will increasingly strong.随着标准图形化操作系统的不断完善和发展，以及工业自动化过程控制软件包的极大丰富，工业 PC 的应用必将日益旺盛。 Three, the characteristics and Application of DCS 三、 DCSDCS since its birth, after decades of continuous improvement, development and modernization has been very mature. Compared with the early, the scale of their systems, control functions, and other areas have been tremendous developments in changes in the reliability, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, cost-effective integrated technical indicators have seen increased and improved. Has been widely used in petrochemical, pharmaceutical, energy, chemicals, paper, oil refining, metallurgy and food and beverage, and other industries, and has made very significant e
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