高考英语单项填空快速解题十法(OK).docx

高考英语单项填空快速解题十法高考单项填空题所考查的语言知识点多、覆盖面广且灵活多变。考生若想提高解题速度与准确率，除了必须具备扎实的基础之外，还要掌握科学的、便捷的解题方法。一、排除法考生可根据题干中提供的信息，并结合平时所学的知识，先排除掉错误干扰项，缩小选择的范围，然后将剩余的选项加以对比，最终确定答案。Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left. (2012重庆卷)A. have run outB. are running outC. have been run outD. are being run out【解析】B。考查动词时态和语态。run out“用完，用尽”，是不及物动词短语，而不及物动词没有被动语态，据此排除C项和D项；根据后半句“我们必须在食品用完之前采取行动”排除A项，因为A项表示“已经用完”。根据句意“洪灾地区的食物供应就要用完了”可知，此处要用进行时态，且此进行时态表示将来。二、简化法有些题目含有插入语、从句或介词短语等次要信息，使得主语与谓语、主句与从句的位置分隔，给考生的理解带来困难。为了快速地理解句意，考生可去掉这些次要信息，保留句子主干，从而明了语义、迅速找出答案。Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽卷)A. keepsB. keepC. have keptD. had kept【解析】A。考查动词时态和主谓一致。单词chains可能会影响考生作出正确选择。但整体分析这个句子后，可知which is one of the largest American supermarket chains是修饰Walmart的非限制性定语从句，属次要信息，先去掉，句子主干为Walmart _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays。根据on Mondays through Saturdays可判断使用一般现在时。另外，由于句子主语Walmart为单数，从而判断答案选A。句意为：沃尔玛(美国最大的连锁超市之一)的部分超市从周一到周六24小时营业。三、补全法为了使语言简洁，英语句子常采用省略形式。答题时可将省略句补充完整，这样句子结构就清晰明了，有助于正确理解句意，进而选择合适的答案。When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽卷)A. askingB. askedC. having askedD. to be asked【解析】B。考查非谓语动词作状语。根据Philip和ask的动宾关系可判断，此处应使用过去分词表示被动意义。我们另可通过补全法轻松地选出答案。补全从句后的完整形式为：When he was asked for his views about his teaching job。当从句的主语和主句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和系动词。句意为：当Philip被问及对教学的看法时，他说工作很有趣并且有回报。四、还原法有些题目是以疑问句、倒装句、强调句、被动句、感叹句等形式出现的。解答此类题时，可还原其本来面目，变回正常语序（陈述句或主动语态），答案便一目了然。Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. (2012浙江卷)A. may haveB. could haveC. must have hadD. might have had【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。将Had they next还原为If they had known what was coming next，我们可以看出本题是考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。对过去进行推测时,从句形式为had done，主句形式为would / should / might have done。句意为：如果他们知道下一步会发生什么事情，他们也许会三思而后行的。五、转换法转换法是解非谓语动词类题的一种有效方法。非谓语动词在句中可作定语、状语、宾语补足语，考生可以将定语从句转换为非谓语动词作定语、将状语从句转换为非谓语动词作状语、将一个单句转换为宾语补足语。John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it. (2012江西卷)A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered【解析】B。考查非谓语动词。此处现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the official letter,构成逻辑主谓关系。不熟悉此考点的考生另可用转换法来解此题。题干可用定语从句改写成：John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter which offered him it.其中的定语从句与现在分词短语offering him it同义。因此正确答案为B。offer sb sth意为“提供给某人某物”，此处it指工作。六、关键词法考生可以根据题干中的关键词，判定考查的是哪个知识点，从而缩小思考范围，以最快的速度找出解题的突破口。In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. (2012安徽卷)A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing【解析】D。考查动词时态。时间状语over the past five hours为持续的时间，可知动作一直在进行，所以应用现在完成进行时，表示正在做的事情并且有可能持续下去。句意为：为了找到不见了的孩子，村民们在过去的五个小时里一直都在做力所能及的事情。七、把握语境法今年高考英语试题特点之一是考查学生在具体的语言环境中对语法知识、语意理解和语言交流的综合运用能力。解此类题，考生应以语境为突破口来推敲语意、探明信息。They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house. (2012四川卷)A. is being rebuiltB. has been rebuiltC. is rebuiltD. has rebuilt【解析】A。考查动词时态和语态。根据语境中的They are living with their parents可知，他们自己的房子还没有重建完，是“正在被重建”。A项为现在进行时的被动形式。句意为：他们暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。八、标点暗示法标点符号看似微不足道，但其作用不可小觑，特别是题干中包含非谓语或从句时。连接两个单句时，可以用分号，也可以用“,+and / but / or / for / so”。若含有两个单句的句中没有并列连词却只有逗号，就要考虑使用非谓语动词、从句、独立主格结构等。Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. (2012山东卷)A. themB. thatC. whichD. what【解析】C。考查“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。逗号前后都有谓语动词却没有并列连词，说明本句是复合句，需选择关系代词，排除A项。句中有先行词two novels，逗号后为定语从句，使用“介词+which”的结构，先行词为表物的名词，故关系代词选用which。that作关系代词时不能放在介词后；what不能引导定语从句。因此答案为which。句意为：Maria已经写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视剧。九、反思维定势法由于考生平时牢记一些句型或结构，往往看到题干中的某一关键信息点，就理所当然的认为考查的就是自己所了解的某个句型或结构，从而选择了错误的答案。因此考生在遇到自己很熟悉的考点时，也要认真把握句子的语意和语法，而不要轻易为思维定势所累，陷入出题人设计的“陷阱”中。Look! Somebody _ the sofa.Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. (2012江西卷)A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. had cleaned【解析】C。考查动词时态。由于受look一词的影响，考生很容易误选A。但由后面的it wasnt me. I didnt do it可知：到现在为止，清洗沙发的动作已完成，即“有人已经打扫过沙发了”，故用现在完成时态，表示过去所做的事对现在造成的影响，故选C。十、分析句子结构法有的句子结构复杂、迷惑性强，遇到此类句子切忌紧张慌乱，应沉着冷静，以分析题干为切入点，恰当断句、理顺语序、弄清句子结构，即可化难为易。此法常适用于语法考查类题目。Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. (2012湖