人教版中考英语名词知识复习与习题.docx

I. 名词的分类1. 专有名词指一个人或事物所特有的名称， 如具体的人物，地点，机构，国家或地区的名称等，不能随意更改， 其中实词的第一个字母必须大写，且前面不加冠词。 如：(1)人名：David, Mr. Wang, President Clinton（2）地名：the Yellow River, the Great Wall, ( 3 ) 某国人的名称： American, Chinese, Japanese(4) 某些抽象事物的名称：English, Buddhism, WTO(5)月份，星期及节日名称：April, Sunday, Christmas Day2. 普通名词指某类人或事物的名称或者某种抽象概念。 普通名词按其所示的事物性质又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分，不可数名词没有单复数之分。 （1） 可数名词变复数a. 一般在词尾加-s， 在清辅音后都s; 在元音和浊辅音后读z; s,z,ts,d 的结尾读iz如：brotherbrothers horse horses desk -desks mapmaps b. 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的加-es. es一般读做iz如：box-boxes watch-watches c. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，把y 变i加-es; 以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加-s. 一般读做iz如：factory factories toy -toys d. 以-f或-fe结尾的词， 把f,fe改为v，再加-es,-ves如：wolf - wolves wife -wives e. 以 o结尾的词加-s如：photo-photos piano - pianos Negro 黑人 hero英雄 potato土豆 tomato 西红柿 这四个单词变复数时加-es. 口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿f. 不规则变化单复数同型sheep, Chinese, deer, fish, people 词干发生变化的词foot-feet toothteeth, childchildren ,mouse-mice （2） 不可数名词的数不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，如果不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”。 不可数名词可与a lot of, plenty of, much, little, a little, any, a great deal of 连用。 如：a piece of bread, a little water（3） 名词作定语时数的变化当名词作定语修饰名词时，其数的变化有以下两种情况；当修饰词是man, woman时，将man ,woman 与被修饰词同时变成复数。当修饰词不是man或woman时，只把被修饰词变成复数。如：women teachers, letter boxes （4） 名词所有格的构成a. Of 所有格所有者为无生命的事物，用“of +名词”结构如：the name of the book a picture of my family b. s 所有格的构成 一般情况，在单数名词词尾加s 如：Mikes pen the boys father 以s结尾的单数名词后加 “ ” 如：my bosss house 以 s, 或-es结尾的复数名词只加“”，不规则复数名词词尾加“s” 如：the teachers dinning-room 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，把s 加在最后的名词上； 表示各自拥有的某件东西时，每个名词都要有所有格形式。 如：David and Peters Davids and Peters II. 课内练习1. Many western festivals are very popular in China, but is still the most important for the Chinese. A. April Fools Day B. Christmas Day C. Halloween D. Spring Festival2. Of all the vegetables, I like best. A. Potatoes B. eggs C. mike D. apple3. Im hungry, can you give me ?A. Some slice of bread B. some slices of bread C. some breads 4. I was very excited when I saw many on the farm. A. chicken B. sheep C. duck 5. -Would you like some drinks, boys? - Yes, , please. A. Some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange6. -Could I have something to eat? -Sure. Heres some . A. chicken B. tomatoes C. orange 7. My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me on English learning. A. advices B. many advices C. some advice 8. There are a lot of in our school. They work very hard. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. womans teachers 9. In Britain are all painted red. A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C .letter box 10. -How is Joys skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than . A. Her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates11. -Whose dictionaries are these? -They are the . A. twins B. twin C. twins D. twin 12. Mrs. Bond is an old friend of . A. Jake mother B. Jake mothers C. Jakes mother D. Jakes mothers 13. Im going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So I have got two holiday. A. weeks B. weeks C. weeks D. week 14. -Where shall we go for dinner? - . A. At Uncle To