牛津上海版S1BUnit3plants讲解.doc

S1B Unit 3The interesting world of plants Plants can be much more interesting than you think. Read this transcript from a nature film to find out why.Water lilies can often be seen in China, with their round leaves, or pads, floating in ponds. 1，with 的符合结构with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1）With+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He lay in bed with his head covered.3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）With winter coming on，its time to buy warm clothes.4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.5）with+宾语+形容词/副词With John away，weve got more room.Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.2.with复合结构的作用with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）5）I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished2. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.A. for B. when C. with D. while4. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished6. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 7. _ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cureC. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure8. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. With B. Besides C. As for D/ Because of 9. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished.A. for B. with C. from D. of 10. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. Through2，float vi. 漂浮 Float on the water Floating restaurant Floating bridge In Hangzhou, there is a kind of water lily whose pads are so huge that a person can stand on them. This is a Victoria lily, the largest kind of water lily in the world. Its pads are more than two meters wide and its white or purple flowers can grow as large as 45 centimeters across. 3, sothat与suchthat的区别 He is such a good boy that we all like him. = He is so good a boy that we all like him. The flowers are so beautiful that we all like him. = They are such beautiful flowers that we all like him. 练习：It was a hundred people looked lost in it.A, too large room so B, so a large room whereC, so large a room that D, such a large room whichWe were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.A, a rush so anxious B, a such anxious rushC, so an anxious rush D,such an anxious rush Suchas与 suchthat区别对比There is a kind of water lily whose pads are so huge that a person can stand on. 练习：Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem_ none of us worked out. A. as B. that C. which D. whoseThe man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift.A. that B. as C. which D andThis is such a heavy box _ I cant move it.A. as B. that C. which D. Whose4, more than 超过，多余 There are more than 300 people living in the village. 非常，很= very I am more than happy to see again.5, as as1. The manager called upon his employees to improve their service. As a result, the supermarket attracted _ customers in 2009 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice as many as2. Many people consider that French is _ as Russian while I think the contrary.A. as difficult a language B. as a difficult languageC. too difficult a languageD. too a difficult language3. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled _ the local market.A. longer thanB. more thanC. as much asD. as far asSome flowering plants can also be eaten. The lotus, a near relative of the water lily, is such a plant. It has a long white root, in which there are many holes. In Asian countries, lotus roots and seeds are often cooked and served in meals. In the West, eating lotus roots or seeds is not as popular as it is in Asia. 6, relativen. 亲戚，同类的 a close/ distant relative friends and relativesadj. 相对的，比较的，与有关的 After his troubles, he is now in relative comfort. relate v. Be related to 与有关 The fall in the cost of living is directly related to the drop in the oil price.7， root n. 根 v. 生根 Take root生根，扎根 Deeply rooted 根深蒂固的8，serve v. 为服务 serve the people 为人民服务 He has served in the army for 5 years. 供应（serve sb sth= serve sth to sb） What time is breakfast served in the hotel? serve as/for 充当 One room had to serve as both bedroom and living room.The banyan tree is an interesting tree with many roots growing down from its branches. It can be found in South China and other parts of Asia. When its roots reach the ground, they plant themselves and grow bark. Eventually they either become part of the original tree trunk or become separate tree trunks. Using this method, banyan trees can cover an enormous area. The worlds largest banyan tree, in India, covers an area larger than a football pitch. Even though it is only one tree, it looks like a whole forest! 9, 想一想本段第一句话中的语法现象10, separate adj. 不同的 they all have separate rooms. v. 分隔，分离 separate A from B A fence separated the cows from the pigs.11，分析句子：Using this method, banyan trees can cover an enormous area.12，cover n. 封皮，外皮the cover of the book, the cover of the Ipad v. 覆盖，占面积 The ground was covered with fallen leaves, which made the ground colorful. We have covered a distance of 100 meters.Speaking of trees, a gingko tree believed to be around 2800 years old was recently discovered in Hebei Province, China. Many gingko trees have been around for more than 1000 years-that is the reason why they are known as longevity trees in China. While gingko trees can live for a long time, they are not even near being the oldest trees. Bristlecone pine trees in America are among the oldest living trees. One bristlecone pine tree in Nevada is over 4600 years Old! 13, speak of 说到，谈起 Speaking of food, can you tell me what kind of food are healthy?Speak highly of 高度评价，赞扬 He was spoken highly of for his good deeds.14, be believed to = Its believed that He is believed to be a good student.= Its believed that he is a good student. It was believed that he had finished the whole task.= 类似用法词语：say, report, claim等 It is said that China has been one of the most powerful countries, ?15, that is the reason why The reason why is that This is the reason why he was late for the meeting. The reason why he was late for the meeting is that his clock didnt work.S1B Unit 3 More readingLearn to care for plantsRead this article from a newspaper to get some new ideas about what plants you can grow this year.Spring is in the air, so it is time to go outside and do some gardening. Here are three plants which can decorate your home.Why not grow common white jasmine? You can raise it as either a bush or a vine. Jasmine vines produce more flowers than jasmine bushes, but they need a frame to grow on. If you grow them on a frame over a path, the path will soon have a cover of whit, sweet-smelling flowers. Jasmine is not just for tea.Of course, if you like blossoms, do not ignore the Yulan magnolia. These trees can grow to be over 12 meters tall. In early spring, they are covered with white blossoms which are more than 12 centimeters wide. After the blossoms fall off, green leaves cover the trees all summer. In autumn, these leaves change to red and orange before they litter the ground with color. The Yulan magnolia is ideal for cool, moist climates.If you have no idea what to grow, you could plant a golden ball cactus. You could keep it in your house, or plant it outside where it can grow to be more than 60 centimeters tall. While it prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade.课 后 练 习 题.Fill in the blanks.1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock(夜以继日地), _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 2. The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored3. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone_ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since4. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in charges in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 5. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors(祖先) days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what 6. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. which B. when C. that D. where7. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wants to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which . Fill in the blanks in the proper forms of the words and phrases given in the box.serve float enormous eventually speak of frame cover fall of be in the air why not1. _ her son who died in the war, her body shivered slightly.2. The boy shouted excitedly when he saw a balloon _ across the sky.3. The kind old lady gave the beggar a(an) _ plate of food.4.