《中考快递》形容词.doc

形容词一、河南中考英语说明考查点1. 形容词在句中的位置2形容词和副词比较等级的用法3含有形容词的常用句型4. 高频考查重点形容词二、05- 10考点统计（按照分值排序）考查点考查次数和分值形容词、辨析10次/ 10分比较等级5次/ 5分形容词固定搭配2次/ 2分三、考点分析和2011年中考预测从历年考查情况来看，考查形容词题目的量几乎是涉及语法项目题目中最多的。可以推断，2011年的考查仍然以形容词（组）辨析和比较等级为重点。分值为3分左右。四、2011年中考锁定考点一、形容词在句中的用法和位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。形容词一般置于它所修饰的词前。但在某些情况下，它却置于它修饰的词后。具体用法如下：1、作定语放在所修饰名词之前。2、作表语放在系动词之后。e.g. He looks handsome.3、作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。e.g. You must keep your eyes closed.4、当形容词由some, any, every, no等构成的不定复合代词时需后置。e.g. -Is there _ in todays menu? - Yes, we have Beijing duck. A. anything special B. special anything C. nothing special D. special nothing解析：根据答语，问句意为“今天的菜单上有一些特别的东西吗？”根据句意排出选项C、D。由于出现了不定代词anything,所以形容词special后置。 （答案：A）5、表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。如：This river is 100 meters wide.这条河大约100米宽。 The building is more than 50 meters tall. 这栋楼有50多米。6、形容词enough修饰名词时可前可后，但修饰形容词时要后置。e.g. I find this computer game _ to play. （答案：B）A. enough easy B. easy enough C. enough easily D. easily enough 解析：本题考查了find sth. adj.结构，所以此处应为形容词easy。但句中出现了副词enough，enough应后置。7、少数形容词只能作表语，如alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, well等。 e.g. Dont be afraid!8、形容词的名词化 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见的有good/bad, rich/poor, young/old, deaf/blind, black/white, living/dead等。e.g. The young should be polite to the old. 9、形容词的排列（非中考重点）当名词有两个以上形容词修饰时，这些形容词的次序通常遵循一定的规则，不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思排列。通常按下列顺序排列：1. 限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格和数词等。2. 表示观点的描绘性形容词：beautiful, nice3. 表示大小、长短、重量、高低及形状的形容词，如：tall, short, big4. 表示年龄、新旧等的形容词，如：young, old5. 表示颜色：red, orange6. 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词（名词）如：Japanese, English, mountain7. 表示形成中心词的材料的形容词，如：plastic, wooden等e.g. two round blue dinner plates many big round new Chinese wooden tables10、一些表示感情的形容词后可接动词不定式。如：Be + glad, happy, pleased, sorry, sad, sure, kind, ready, afraid, able + to do sth. 考点二、形容词比较等级的用法1、原级的用法1. 说明人或事物自身的特点、性质或特征是，用形容词原级。 The flowers in the garden are beautiful.2. 句中只出现一个人或物，没有比较的对象，要用原级。e.g. - You look stressed out. - Yeah, too _ work makes me tired. （答案：C） A. little B. less C. much D. more 解析：根据语境应该在谈论太多工作的后果。这里仅表达“量大的工作”，并不存在比较，不用比较级。 3“和一样”，表A、B两个事物在某方面程度相当或不同时，可用句型the same as/ as as 。需要注意的是两个句型中用副词、形容词均可，但只能用原形。( ) I think English is _ math. Yes, I think so.A. much important than B. so important asC. as important as D. as more important as解析：选项D本身是不成立的，因为此句型中的形容词和副词必须用原形。A选项中有much和than，比较用比较级。C表示“英语和数学一样重要”。 （答案：C）“和不一样”，表示A，B两个事物在某方面不一样：A+not as/so+形容词原级+as+B e.g. This book isnt so new as that one. 4“A不如B” less+ adj. than / not as（so）.as.如，他失败了，因为他没有同学们勤奋。有下面两种表达方式：He failed because he wasnt as(so) hard-working as his classmates.He failed because he was less hard-working than his classmates.( ) We dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be. （2009辽宁锦州）A. as heavy as B. not as heavy asC. as heavily as D. not as heavily as解析：题干表示“我们没有那么多的家庭作业了，我们的书包现在不象过去一样重了”。 A表示两者相等，C、D错在不应使用副词。 （答案：B）5“表倍数关系1) A be as N times adj. as B （表A是B的N倍）Great changes have happened! My school now is as 5 times large as it used to be.我校发生了巨大的变化！我校现在是去过去的5倍。2) A be N times + adj.-er than B（表A是B的N+1倍）Great changes have happened! My school now is 45times larger than it used to be.我校发生了巨大的变化！我校现在比过去大了5倍。（即原来6倍）3）表示A是B的一半时，用：half as + 形容词原级 + as。如： Her room is half as big as mine. 4)表A、B不同 可用 “be different from” My parents are different from yours. 6. 有表示绝对概念的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。如： The boy is too young. 2、比较级1 表示两者比较，说明“A比B更一些”，通常用than表“比更”的含义。e.g. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest解析：题目中出现了than对两个事物进行比较，强调“李在2005年来到北京。他在这里呆的（时间）比你更长。”应用比较级。 （答案：B）通常来说，考查比较时，河南单选不会出现有than这样明显的标志。但在选词填空中通常会出现，帮助学生确定使用比较级。学生要学会通过语境判断比较级。 e.g. -How about the dishes?-Fantastic! Nothing tastes _. A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse解析：尽管没有出现明显的标志，但题目在谈论“（这道菜）太棒了！没有比这个菜更好吃的！”强调任和其他一道菜和这个道菜的比较，应用比较级。 （答案：B）2. 为避免重复，在从句中常用the one, that, those等来代替前面出现的名词。其中，the one代替可数名词单数形式，the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式，that代替不可数名词。如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Haikou.3. 有些副词后要加比较级，表“更得多”可用much, far, a lot, rather, any, still; 表“甚至更”可用even(即相对副词), “更一点（表程度不深）”a little, a bit, a few。但不能使用so, very, enough, quite, pretty（即绝对副词）等修饰。 e.g. -Are you feeling better today, dear?-No, even _. A. well B. better C. bad D. worse解析：题目问答为“你今天好点了吗？”“不，甚至更糟糕了”。通过语境可分析出都是拿今天的状态和以前比较是“更好”还是“更差”。另外也可从题目中even判定出后面形容词应使用比较级，再通过答语中的“no”判断出是“更差了”。 （答案：D） 3、比较级常用句型1 用“比较级+and+比较级”表“越来越”( ) The boy is getting _. （答案：A） A. taller and taller B. more and more tall C. tall and taller C. more taller and taller 解析：此题中出现了“比较级+and+比较级”结构，题意为“这个男孩子长的越来越高了”。 2“the+ adj.-er +of the two”表“两个中比较的”。例： He is the better of the two. 他是两人中比较好的。 此点虽并非河南中考重点，但也是初中生需要掌握的。3. 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is + 形容词比较级，A or B?”, 如： Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?4. 表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如： I am three years younger than you.5. 表示“越，就越”时，用比较级“the + 比较级， the + 比较级”。如： The hard you learn, the more you get. 5、最高级1表三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，其中一个在某一方面超过其他两个或几个时，用最高级。常见标志为：of+比较事物；in+ 某地点，of+某范围( ) -Which of those radios sounds _?-The smallest one. A. good B. well C. better D. best解析：从those可判断比较的范围超过三个，所以应该用good的最高级。题意为，“在这些收音机当中那个请起来最清楚”。 （答案：D）2在“one of +adj.-est+名词复数”和“the adj-est 名词（复数）I have (ever) done”结构中，形容词都需要使用最高级。分别表“最之一”和“我所曾经过的最的”。( ) My father told me a story last night. It is _ one Ive ever heard. A. the funniest B. funniest C. funnier D. the funnier解析：题目中出现了“the adj-est 名词（复数）I have (ever) done”结构。题意为“我爸爸昨天给我讲了一个故事。它是我所听过的故事中最有趣的一个。” （答案：A） ( ) Tiananmen Square is one of _ squares in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest解析：题目中出现了“one of +adj.-est+名词复数”结构，所以应该使用最高级。题意为：“天安门广场是世界上最大的广场之一”。 （答案：C）3最高级前可以使用序数词，如： The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 The book is the third most expensive one in the store. 这本书是此店第三贵的书。6、常见考点：表“某范围内最” 1A is the most adj./ adj.-est among +范围Mr. Wang is the most handsome teacher among the teachers in his school.王老师是我校最帅的老师。2A is + adj.er than any other + 名词单数Mr. Wang is more handsome than any other teacher in his school.王老师比我校任何一个其他老师都帅 （意为：王老师是我校最帅的老师。）*不属于同一范畴时，用any 不加otherMr. Wang is more handsome than any teacher in No.1 Middle School. 王老师比一种任何一个老师都帅。 （王老师不是一中老师，所以any前不用加other） 3A is + adj.er than the other +名词复数Mr. Wang is more handsome than the other teachers in his school.王老师比他学校除了他全部的老师都帅。注意：比较级可以表示最高级含义。如：Mike is the tallest student in his class.麦克是班上最高的学生。Mike is taller than any other student in his class.麦克比班上其他任何一个学生都高。Mike is taller than the other students in his class.麦克比班上其他的学生都高。Mike is taller than anyone else in his class.麦克比班上其他任何人都高。No one is as tall as Mike in his class.在班里没有人和麦克一样高。No one is taller than Mike in his class.在班里没有人比麦克高。Mike is taller than any of the other students in his class.麦克比班里其他任何一个学生都高。Mike is taller than the rest of students in his class.麦克比班里其他的学生都高。在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。考点三、含有形容词的常用句型1the adj.-er+ the adj.-er 表“越。（就）越。”( ) -Junk food is bad for our health.-Yes, the food_ you eat, the healthier you will be. A. little B. few C. less D. more解析：题目中出现了“the adj.-er+ the adj.-er”结构，题意为“你吃的食物越多，你就越健康”，应使用形容词比较级。 （答案：D）2Its adj. for you to do sth.，表“做。对某人来说是。的”。但当形容词表某人自身品质，如good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless介词要用of，即Its adj. of you to do sth结构，表“做。，某人是真太。”( ) Its very important us to make a plan before a new term.Yes. You must try to make it carefully. （答案：B） A. ofB. forC. to解析：题中形容词不表某人的自身品质，题意为“对我们来说，在新学期做计划是很重要的。” 3下列形容词后常跟动词不定式 表示情感或情绪的形容词glad, pleased, sorry, sad, afraid, thankful等；表能力、意志或推测的形容词ready, able, willing, sure, certain等。例如：Everyone was glad to see the athlete won the medal for China. 每个人都很高兴看到选手为中国赢得了奖牌。附1：形容词比较级的构成：原形、比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末加-er或-estyoungshortyoungershorteryoungestshortest以不发音的字母e结构，只加-r或-stwidelargewiderlargerwidestlargest以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母再加-er或-estbigredbiggerredderbiggestreddest以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-er或-est heavybusyheavierbusierheaviestbusiest其他双音节和多音节都在前面加上more或mostimportantinterestingmore important more interestingmost importantmost interesting附2：不规则变化的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good/ well betterbestbad/ badly/ ill worse worstold older/elder oldest/ eldestmany/ much moremorelittlelessleastfarfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthest附3：常见名词变形容词分方法名 词构成方法意 义例 词表示天气-y充满的多的CloudSunWind-windy表示方位-ern方位的朝方位的West-east称谓-ly般的Friendmother时间-ly每的WeekMonth物质-en, -y制成的般的Woodslat情感-ful, -y, -less的的无的Care-carefulUse-usefulLuck-luckyHope-hopeless大洲、国家-n的的人Asia-AsianAmerica-American考点四、高频考查重点形容词1. -ed结尾的形容词和-ing结尾的形容词-ing结尾的形容词强调“令（他人，别人）感到。的”；-ed结尾的形容词强调“自身感受到。的”。常见此两组词为：surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的；interesting（让人觉得）有趣的 interested（自身）感到有趣的；pleasing 令人愉悦的 pleased感到满意的；moving令人感动的 moved 感到感动的；( ) Chinese people were cheering at the most _ moment when Liu Xiang broke the world record. A. excited B. to excite C. excite D. exciting 解析：此处形容词表示“令人激动的”而非“自身感到激动的（选项A）”。题意为“中国人在庆祝最令人激动的时刻-刘翔打破纪录的那刻”。 （答案：D）2Farther, further两者都表示距离上“更远一点”，后者还可以表示“更多，更进一步，额外”等抽象含义。如：We must get further information. 我们要得到进一步的信息。3old, elder1) 表示家庭内部年龄长幼应该用elder，如“哥哥”应说成elder brother。表资历深时也须用elder, 如 He is an elder teacher. 他是名自身教师。2）older表泛指“年长的，较旧的”。4ill, sick两个词都表“生病的”，都可做表语。但做定语时候只能用sick，不能用ill。如 a sick baby。除此，sick还表示“感到恶心，难受的”。5形容风大通常用形容词strong, 形容雨大通常用形容词heavy。6表示价格时应该用low和high,而非expensive和cheap.7. 在修饰population时，只能用large或small.8. 表示“亲密的”应用close, 表“关闭的”应该用closed 9. black, dark 两者都可以作形容词，也可以作名词。区别为：black的意思是：黑色（的），指颜色，其反义词为white。Dark的意思是：暗、无光。如： The doors are painted black. This is a dark house.10. good, well, fine, nice good：内容好，人品好；Well：身体好；fine：天气好；nice：令人喜悦，讨人喜欢的（天气、味道或人）9.形式和副词相似的形容词 一些单词结尾是ly,但其实还是形容词，如Friendly, lonely, lively, lovely。五、满分训练营5年河南A卷巡礼( ) 1. Tom is good at drawing.How about Mike? Mike is_, I think.He has got more prizes than Tom. (2005) A. well B. worse C. good D. better( ) 2. The smile on her face shows that she is _her work. (2005) A. worried about B. pleased with C. sorry for D. afraid of( ) 4. Have you bought that digital camera? 15DBBAD No, I cant afford it. The price is a bit too_, I think. (2005) A. low B. high C. cheap D. expensiveThe guide dog is taught to walk5_the trainers legs.He is taught to walk 6_his trainer does. Also he is taught to be _7_to his owner. (2005) ( ) 5. A. close to B. far from C. in front of D. behind( ) 6. A.faster than B. slower than C. not so fast as D. as fast as( ) 7. A.polite B. kind C. important D. friendly( ) 8. I feel really before the interview 610DDCBB Take it easySure you are the best (2006)A patient Bserious Cnervous Dcool( ) 9. God said, Your angel will sing and smile for you every day. And you will feel your angels love and be _” (2006) Alonely Bhappy Cexcited Dsurprised( ) 10. I am getting each month. I cant put on my jeans. Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. (2007) A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest( ) 11. You look so in this picture. You usually dont dress like that. Oh, I was at a party. I took it just for fun. (2007) A. serious B. different C. worried D. friendly( ) 12. How far is it to the airport? 20 kilometers? No, its _. About 30 kilometers. (2008)A. far B. farther C. the farther D. the farthest ( )13.“How much does it cost?” He said, “500 dollars.” The foreigner thought it was too 38 and asked again, “Can you make it cheaper?” (2008) A. terribleB. bigC. oldD. dear( ) 14. It means you didnt think so and my painting is not good enough. Ill go on working _until my customers (顾客) are satisfied.” (2008) A. faster and fasterB. better and betterC. slower and slowerD. harder and harder( )15. Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?1115BBDDB OK. But a dress might be _ . (2009)A. good B. better C. bad D. worseI could see that my father disagreed, but he was not 16_ . He just looked at me and smiled. My mother kissed me. And now I have my own restaurant, and it goes well. I can see they are_17_me. However, my grandfather thinks Im mad to give up farming. (2009) （ ） A. patient B. satisfied C. quiet D. angry（ ） A. proud of B. sorry for C. friendly to D. strict with4年河南B卷巡礼 1620DAADA( ) 18. Something goes wrong with my MP4. Do you know who can repair it? You may go and ask Tony for help. Hes very _. (2005) A. helpful B. busy C. enjoyable D. polite( ) 19. We did quite well at the 28th Olympic Games, and Im sure well do even _ in Beijing in 2008. (2005) A. well B. good C. best D. better ( ) 20. No one thought the boy was _ to lift the heavy box. But he did it. (2005) A. strong enough B. quite strong C. too strong D. very strong ( ) 21. Many young people like to say “cool”. It seems that theres not a _ word than “cool”. (2006) A. worse B. better C. funnier D. luckier ( ) 22. The house is too expensive. I cant afford it. Why not buy _ one? 2123BAB (2007) A. a cheaper B. cheaper C. cheapest D. cheap ( ) 23. What do you think of the house with a small garden in front of it? Its exactly what I want. I think I wont find _ one. (2008) A. a good B. a better C. the better D. the best 中考题源考点一15 CBCBA( ) 1. Mum, I think I am _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 考点二( ) 2. Now the air in our city is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop iA. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse( ) 3. It is not so _ as yesterday, so there are _ people sitting in the square. A. cold, fewer B. warm, more C. cold, more( ) 4. What do you think of the football game? Wonderful! I think they can never be _. A. best B. better C. worse D. worst ( ) 5. Tim, do you think time is money?Yes, but I think it is money. A. more important than B. very important as C. the same as D. not important as610 BBABC( ) 6. Taking buses in Beijing is _ than taking a taxi. A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. less cheaper( ) 7. Allofusareproudof theprogresshesmadeduringthe past fewyears. Yes,weresurehewillbe even _.A. successful B. more successful C. most successful D. successfully( ) 8. Bob, how are you feeling today? Much _. I dont want to eat anything. A. better B. worse C. healthier ( ) 9. Relax! _ you finish this English exam，you11 be free and feel on top of the worldYou can make it if you put your heart into it! AAs well as BAs soon as CAs good as( ) 10. Mum, could you buy me a dress like that? Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; not as good as考点三1115 CDDBC( ) 11. Rememb