形容词和副词的练习.doc

初中英语语法讲解与练习：形容词和副词I. 形容词：1. 形容词的位置：1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：县官行令杀国材（限观形龄色国材）代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3) 复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII. 副词副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII. 形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。形容词与副词解析陷阱题分析1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。【分析】正确答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。2. “Our team is _ to win the match.” “Really? But I dont think so.”A. Easy B. difficult C. Possible D. sure【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy 和difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。3. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class.A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词 worth 和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。4. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _ tea and two _ coffees.”A. black, white B. red, white C. black, green D. red, black【陷阱】容易误选B或D。【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。5. A _ road goes _ from one place to another.A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 【分析】最佳答案为A，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。7. You are _ careful than your brother. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less【分析】此题最佳答案为B。要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not more than = 不如no more than = 和一样不 (否定两者)not less than = 不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less than = 和一样 (肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。8. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _ than fat.”A. Short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是，而不是”、“与其不如”等。如：He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。陷阱题训练1. It was _ opportunity to miss. A. too good an B. a too good C. too a good D. too good 2. I dont like it at all. It cant be _.A. Better B. Worse C. best D. worst3. There was nothing special about this film it was only _. A. Particular B. Average C. interesting D. strange4. She looks very _ but I cant remember her name.A. Similar B. Familiar C. friendly D. strange 5. He said he would return the money, and I was _. A. fool enough to believe him B. enough fool to believe himC. fool enough believing him D. enough fool believing him6. “This book is _ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _ too difficult.”A. quite, quite B. much, rather C. rather, quite D. quite, much7. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _ house in the forest.A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty woodenC. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _ to read.A. something easy enough B. something enough easy C. enough easy something D. easy enough something 10. The doctor assured the patient that there was _ with her, but she could not help worrying.A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong 11. How is your father?Hes fine. Hes_ to play tennis every Sunday.A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active12. Did you wash your new suit in hot water?Of course not. I am not _ foolish.A. Very B. That C. very much D. too13.Which team is _ to win the game?I dont know, but Ive found _ for ours to win. A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly 14. He didnt understand the _ question, so there was a _ expression on his face.A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling15. She can speak _ in front of Mack, but she cant eat _ in his restaurant.A. free, free B. free, freely C. freely, free D. freely, freely16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. Close B. Closely C. closed D. closing17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _ passed the last exam.A. Easily B. Hardly C. actually D. successfully18. In my apartment there are two rooms, _ is used as a living room.A. larger one B. the larger of which C. the largest one D. the largest of which19. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldnt have been _.”A. Better B. Worse C. more D. less20. Im _ at sums than Jean, but better at history.A. More B. Less C. worse D. cleverer 21. We couldnt have picked _ day for the picnic it rained nonstop. A. a worse B. a worst C. the worse D. the worst22. I know this is not quite the right word, but I cant be bothered to think of _. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the good23. Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Sorry to say I didnt. It was _ a meeting than a party.A. more like B. quite like C. less like D. more or less24. When they arrived at the school it was raining _ harder.A. More B. Quite C. very D even25. With the development of the Internet, _ communication is done by regular mail.A. Less B. More C. little D. few26. If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. OK, but do you have _ size in blue? This ones a bit tight for me.A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger27. If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time28. This dress is prettier, but it costs _ that one.A. twice more than B. twice as much asC. as much twice as D. twice so much as【答案与解析】1. 选A，too to 结构除用于“too + 形容词或副词 + to do sth”外，也可用于“too + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + to do sth”。2. 选B，it cant be worse 相当于 Its the worst thing I ever knew。3. 选B，average 意为“平常的”、“普通的”。4. 选B，similar 指“相似”，familiar 指“熟悉”。5. 选A，此处的 fool 虽为名词，但具有形容词的性质，相当于 foolish。6. 选B。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词 too(太)时，只能用 rather 或 much，而不用 quite。7. 选D。第一个 look是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at)，第二个look 是连系动词。8. 选 C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，它们的位置遵循这样的原则：描绘形容词大小（长短高低）形容词形状形容词年龄（新旧）形容词颜色形容词国籍形容词材料形容词用途（类别）形容词名词（动名词）。9. 选A。做对此题要注意两点：一是修饰something, anything, nothing 等复合不定代词的形容词，应置于被修饰语之后；二是副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。10. 选C。wrong 修饰nothing，seriously 修饰wrong。11. 选C。still 修饰 active，置于其前；而副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰语之后。12. 选B。that 在此作副词不是代词，用法相当于so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。13. 选B。14. 选A。15.选C。第一空填 freely，意为“自由地”；第二空填free，意为“免费地”。16. 选 A。close 与 closely 的区别是：指实际距离近，用 close；指抽象意义，用 closely。17. 选 B。首先应弄清 second to none 的意思，照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”，言外之意就是“第一”，或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的 but 可知，选项 B 最恰当。18. 选B，由于是两个房间，即是两者比较，故宜用比较级，因此排除C和D；又由于两句之间没有连词，故不宜选A。注：若在空格前加上and 一词，则要选A。19. 选B。此题关键是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根据上文语境，Not at all 为 I am not satisfied at all with his answer 之省略，即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”，既然如此，他的回答当然会是 It couldnt have been worse（不可能更糟）。20. 选 C，句意为“我的算术比琼差，但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词 but 及其后的 better。21. 选A，we couldnt have picked a worst day 实际意思是 it is the worst day weve picked。 22. 选A，a better 为 a better one 之省略。另外，a better one（一个更好的）是与其前文“我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。23. 选A。根据空格后的than，排除B和D；根据语境，排除C。24. 选D。more 后不能比较级，故排除A；quite 除用于quite better外，不用于修饰比较，故排除B；very 不用修饰比较级，故排除C。25. 选A。若选B或C均不合事实；若选D，不合语法，因为few 后要接可数名词的复数形式。26. 选B。从句意看，空格处应填比较级bigger，因此排除A和C。选项B与D的区别是，一个用了不定冠词，一个用了定冠词，两者的区别是，不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。27. 选D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较，所以应用比较级，不用最高级，由此排除A和C。选 B的错误在于用了more happier这样的双重比较级（more后不能再加比较级）。28. 选B。修饰asas的副词应置于该结构之前。练习题训练1.Lizzie was _to see her friend off at the airport Aa little more than sad Bmore than a little sad Csad more than a little Da little more sad than 2.If you cant come tomorrow，well _have to hold the meeting next week Ayet Beven Crather Djust3.The husband gave his wife _every mob山in order to please her Aall half his income Bhis half all income Chalf his all income Dall his half income4.The great success of this programme has been _due to the support given by the local businessmen Arather Bvery Cquickly D1argely5.The number of people present at the concert was _than expectedThere were many tickets left Amuch smaller Bmuch more Cmuch larger Dmany more6.John Smith，a successful businessman，has a _car A1arge German white B1arge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white7._students are required to take part in the boat race ATen strong young Chinese BTen Chinese strong young CChinese ten young strong DYoung strong ten Chinese8.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years A1ittle white wooden B1ittle wooden white Cwhite wooden little Dwooden white little9.When we plan our vacation，mother often offers _suggestions Acareful Bpractical Ceffective Dacceptable 10.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _she was getting Aheavier Bheavy Cthe heavier Dthe heaviest 11.He speaks English well indeed，but of course not _a native speakerAas fluent as Bmore fluent than Cso fluently as Dmuch fluently than 12.In _Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children Atraditional Bhistoric Cremote Dinitial13.Most people on this island are recreational fishers，and_，fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time Aaccidentally Bpurposefully Cobviously Dformally 14.I must be getting fat-I can _d0 my trousers up Afairly Bhardly Cnearly Dseldom15.Mr. Smith used to smoke _but he has given it up Aseriously Bheavily Cbadly Dhardly16.Everyone Was on time for the meeting _Chris，whos usually ten minutes late for everything Abut Bonly Ceven Dyet17.That doesnt sound very frightening，PaulIve seen _What did you like most about the film? Abetter Bworse Cbest Dworst18.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _than John Amore efficiently a worker Ba more efficient worker Cmore an efficient worker Da worker more efficiently19._，some famous scientists have the questions of being both careful and careless AStrangely enough BEnough strangely CStrange enough DEnough strange20.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _to carry all the way home Amuch too heavy Btoo much heavy Cheavy too much D. too heavy much 21.Our neighbor has _ours Aas a big house as Bas big a house asCthe same big house as Da house the same big as22.We were in _when we left that we forgot the airline tickets Aa rush so anxious Ba such anxious rush Cso an anxious rush Dsuch an anxious rush 23.-I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down -You can never be _careful in the street Amuch Bvery Cso Dtoo24.-You dont look very _Are you ill? -No，Im just a bit tiredAgood Bwell Cstrong DHealthy25.Four of Roberts children were at the party，including _，Luke Athe eldest Ban oldest one Cthe old Dan old one26.Many students signed up for the _race in the sports meeting to be held next week A800-metre-long B800-metres-long C800 metre length D800 metres length27.After supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for _an hour，thinking of her young and happy daysAas long as Bas soon as Cas much as Das many as28.Boris has brainsin factI doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest29.All the people _at the party were his supporters Apresent Bthankful Cinterested Dimportant30.It was raining heavilyLittle Mary felt cold，so she stood _to her mother Aclose Bclosely Cclosed Dclosing31.As far as I am concernededucation is about learning and the more you learn，_ Athe more for life are you equipped Bthe more equipped for life yon am Cthe more life you are equipped for Dyou are equipped the more for life 32 -Im very _with my own cookingIt looks nice and smells delicious -Mm，it does have a _smell Apleasant；pleased Bpleased；pleased Cpleasant；pleasant Dpleased；pleasant33.Two middleaged passengers fell into the sea_，neither of them could swim AIn fact BLuckily CUnfortunately DNaturally34.Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910 Amore than twice Bas twice as many Ctwice as many as Dmore than twice as many35.It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science Aan art much as Bmuch an art as Cas an art much as Das much an art as36.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，_. Aour holiday will be better Bour holiday will be the better Cthe better our holiday will be Dthe better will our holiday be 37.As I know，there is _ car in this neighborhood Ano such Bno a Cnot such Dno such a38.Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs _for the poor Amore Bmuch Cmany Dmost39.In that case，there is nothing you can do _than wait Amore Bother Cbetter Dany40.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) _trick