新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?一、重要短语归纳1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里 3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海滩 5.visit museum参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参观夏令营7.quite a few相当多 8.study for为而学习 9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间11.taste good尝起来很好吃 12.come up出来,发生 13.of course当然 14.feel like给的感觉；感受到15.go shopping去购物 16.in the past在过去 17.walk around四处走走 18.because of因为 19.one bowl of 一碗 20.the next day第二天 21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出；查明 23.go on继续 24.take photos照相 25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下 27.have a good time玩得高兴=enjoy oneself=have great fun 二、语法专项1.复合不定代词 定义a)复合不定代词由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词。即：复合不定代词：something, somebody, someone;anything, anybody, anyone，nothing, nobody, no one; everything, everybody, everyoneb) 它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。用法(1) 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。如：Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。There is nothing to eat.这里没有吃的东西。(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their.如：If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。(3)anyone, everyone, someone, no one: a)只能指人，不能指物;b)且其后一般不接of 短语。c)若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。考点要求(1)自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中；any表示“某”，用于否定句或问句；no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义；every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。(2)主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。如：错：Everybody in our class are interested in English.对：Everybody in our class is interested in English.(3)定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。如：错：I have important something to tell you. 对：I have something important to tell you.(4)none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。如：错：He is new here, so none knows him.对：He is new here, so no one knows him.错：Nobody of them has been to England before.对：None of them has been to England before.(5)代换复合不定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物。表人时，用they代换；表物时，用it代换。如：Something is wrong with your computer, isnt it?Nobody has been there before, have they?2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词1）规则变化直接加ed：work- worked 以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live -lived以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study-studied以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy -enjoyed以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop-stopped2）不规则变化练习：用动词正确形式填空1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. -_ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? -No, she _. 3. -What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? -He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.单项选择1.what did you do on vacation?I _to New York city.a. go b. going c. went d. goes2.They helped me_my books.a. finded b. find c. found d. finding3.what_you_last night?a. did, do b. do, do c. did, doing d. are, do4.where did she go on vacation?she_to the beach.a. go b. goes c. went d. going5. Did he go to central park?Yes, he_.a. did b. didnt c. dod. does在使用不定代词的时候要注意：（1）some 和any 既可修饰_ 又可修饰_。Some 多用于_ 句中，而any 多用于_、_、_句中。但是，在Would you like some tea? 这类问句中则用_,而不用_. 这是因为_.(2) _ _ _ 都表示很多，但_ 只修饰可数名词