定语从句中关系副词的用法.doc

定语从句中关系副词的用法定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. Ill never forget the day when I joined the army. 2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。 例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall. He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12. I dont know the exact spot where they will meet. Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months. 有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。 Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace? The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”. 3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. *This is the hospital where my mother works. *This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. *The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. *This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where) Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Marys birthday party. (for which=why) 英语中的关系副词由：where,when和 why。这三个关系副词很多情况下，都可以用介词+关系代词来替换。 where=in /at /to+which; when=in /on /at+which; why=for +which. 有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如： My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river. At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse. 3) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。 I may leave here any time I want to. During the time I was there I visited him twice. This is my second time I have come to your country. 1.Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。 2. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 答案 B 3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where 答案 D 解析 本题考查定语从句关系词的确定。英语中，point/situation/case等作先行词，其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where（相当于in which）。该定语从句缺少地点状语，因此用where。 4.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go