关 键 词：

含4张CAD图纸+说明书完整资料 无缝钢管 超声波 无损 检测 装置 设计 CAD 图纸 说明书 完整 资料

资源描述：

请充值后下载本设计，，资源目录下的文件，都可以点开预览到，，资料完整，充值下载就能得到。。。【注】：dwg后缀为CAD图，doc,docx为WORD文档，有不明白之处，可咨询QQ:414951605

内容简介：

1刀具补偿原理刀具补偿原理刀具补偿（又称偏置） ，在 20 世纪 6070 年代的数控加工中没有补偿的概念，所以编程人员不得不围绕刀具的理论路线和实际路线的相对关系来进行编程，容易产生错误。补偿的概念出现以后很大地提高了编程的效率。具有刀具补偿功能，在编制加工程序时，可以按零件实际轮廓编程，加工前测量实际的刀具半径、长度等，作为刀具补偿参数输入数控系统，可以加工出合乎尺寸要求的零件轮廓。刀具补偿功能还可以满足加工工艺等其他一些要求，可以通过逐次改变刀具半径补偿值大小的办法，调整每次进给量，以达到利用同一程序实现粗、精加工循环。另外，因刀具磨损、重磨而使刀具尺寸变化时，若仍用原程序，势必造成加工误差，用刀具长度补偿可以解决这个问题。刀具补偿分为 2 种：刀具长度补偿；刀具半径补偿。刀具长度补偿；刀具半径补偿。文献刀具补偿在数控加工中的应用（工具技术，2OO4年第38卷No7，徐伟，广东技术师范学院）中提到在数控加工中有4种补偿：刀具长度补偿；刀具半径补偿；夹具补偿；夹角补偿（G39） 。刀具长度补偿；刀具半径补偿；夹具补偿；夹角补偿（G39） 。这四种补偿基本上能解决在加工中因刀具形状而产生的轨迹问题。1.刀具长度补偿1.1刀具长度的概念1.刀具长度补偿1.1刀具长度的概念刀具长度是一个很重要的概念。我们在对一个零件编程的时候，首先要指定零件的编程中心，然后才能建立工件编程坐标系，而此坐标系只是一个工件坐标系，零点一般在工件上。长度补偿只是和 Z 坐标有关，它不象 X、Y 平面内的编程零点，因为刀具是由主轴锥孔定位而不改变，对于 Z 坐标的零点就不一样了。每一把刀的2长度都是不同的，例如，我们要钻一个深为 50mm 的孔，然后攻丝深为 45mm，分别用一把长为 250mm 的钻头和一把长为 350mm 的丝锥。先用钻头钻孔深 50mm，此时机床已经设定工件零点，当换上丝锥攻丝时，如果两把刀都从设定零点开始加工，丝锥因为比钻头长而攻丝过长，损坏刀具和工件。此时如果设定刀具补偿，把丝锥和钻头的长度进行补偿，此时机床零点设定之后，即使丝锥和钻头长度不同，因补偿的存在，在调用丝锥工作时，零点 Z 坐标已经自动向 Z+（或 Z）补偿了丝锥的长度，保证了加工零点的正确。1.2刀具长度补偿指令1.2刀具长度补偿指令通过执行含有 G43（G44）和 H 指令来实现刀具长度补偿，同时我们给出一个 Z坐标值， 这样刀具在补偿之后移动到离工件表面距离为 Z 的地方。 另外一个指令 G49是取消 G43（G44）指令的，其实我们不必使用这个指令，因为每把刀具都有自己的长度补偿，当换刀时，利用 G43（G44）H 指令赋予了自己的刀长补偿而自动取消了前一把刀具的长度补偿。G43 表示存储器中补偿量与程序指令的终点坐标值相加，G44 表示相减，取消刀具长度偏置可用 G49 指令或 H00 指令。程序段 N80 G43 Z56 H05 与中，假如 05 存储器中值为 16，则表示终点坐标值为 72mm。1.3刀具长度补偿的两种方式1.3刀具长度补偿的两种方式(1) 用刀具的实际长度作为刀长的补偿（推荐使用这种方式） 。使用刀长作为补偿就是使用对刀仪测量刀具的长度，然后把这个数值输入到刀具长度补偿寄存器中，作为刀长补偿。使用刀具长度作为刀长补偿的理由如下：首先，使用刀具长度作为刀长补偿，可以避免在不同的工件加工中不断地修改刀长偏置。 这样一把刀具用在不同的工件上也不用修改刀长偏置。 在这种情况下，可以按照一定的刀具编号规则，给每一把刀具作档案，用一个小标牌写上每把刀具的相关参数，包括刀具的长度、半径等资料，事实上许多大型的机械加工型企业对数控加工设备的刀具管理都采用这种办法。这对于那些专门设有刀具管理部门的公司来说，就用不着和操作工面对面地告诉刀具的参数了，同时即使因刀库容量原因把刀具取下来等下次重新装上时，只需根据标牌上的刀长数值作为刀具长度补偿而不需再进行测量。其次，使用刀具长度作为刀长补偿，可以让机床一边进行加工运行，一边在对刀仪上进行其他刀具的长度测量，而不必因为在机床上对刀而占用机床运行时3ABC外轮廓加工外轮廓加工内轮廓加工A/B/C/C/刀具刀具刀具刀具图 3-1B 功能刀具补偿的交叉点和间断点间，这样可以充分发挥加工中心的效率。这样主轴移动到编程 Z 坐标点时，就是主轴坐标加上（或减去）刀具长度补偿后的 Z 坐标数值。（2）利用刀尖在 Z 方向上与编程零点的距离值（有正负之分）作为补偿值。这种方法适用于机床只有一个人操作而没有足够的时间来利用对刀仪测量刀具的长度时使用。这样做当用一把刀加工另外的工件时就要重新进行刀长补偿的设置。使用这种方法进行刀长补偿时，补偿值就是主轴从机床 Z 坐标零点移动到工件编程零点时的刀尖移动距离，因此此补偿值总是负值而且很大。2刀具半径补偿2.1刀具半径补偿概念2刀具半径补偿2.1刀具半径补偿概念在轮廓加工时，刀具中心运动轨迹（刀具中心或金属丝中心的运动轨迹）与被加工零件的实际轮廓要偏移一定距离，这种偏移称为刀具半径补偿，又称刀具中心偏移。 如图 3-1 所示，在加工内轮廓时， 刀具中心向工件轮廓的内部偏移一个距离；而加工外轮廓时，刀具中心向工件的外侧偏移一个距离，这个偏移，就是所谓的刀具半径补偿。图中，粗实线为工件轮廓，虚线为刀具中心轨迹。本图中的偏移量为刀具半径值。而在粗加工和半精加工时，偏移量为刀具半径和加工余量之和。由于数控系统控制的是刀具中心轨迹，因此数控系统要根据输入的零件轮廓尺寸及刀具半径补偿值计算出刀心轨迹。由此可见，刀具半径补偿在数控加工有着非常重要的作用，根据刀具补偿指令，数控加工机床可自动进行刀具半径补4偿。特别是在手工编程时，刀具半径补偿尤为重要。手工编程时，运用刀具半径补偿指令，就可以根据零件的轮廓值编程，不需计算刀心轨迹编程，这样就大大减少了计算量和出错率。虽然利用 CAD/CAM 自动编程，手工计算量小，生成程序的速度快，但当刀具有少量磨损或加工轮廓尺寸与设计尺寸稍有偏差时或者在粗铣、半精铣和精铣的各工步加工余量变化时，仍需作适当调整，而运用了刀具半径补偿后，不需修改刀具尺寸或建模尺寸而重新生成程序，只需要在数控机床上对刀具补偿参数做适当修改即可。既简化了编程计算，又增加了程序的可读性。刀具半径补偿有 B 功能（Basic）和 C 功能（Complete）两种补偿形式。由于 B功能刀具半径补偿只根据本段程序进行刀补计算，不能解决程序段之间的过渡问题，要求将工件轮廓处理成圆角过渡如图 3-1 所示，因此工件尖角处工艺性不好。而且编程人员必须事先估计出刀补后可能出现的间断点和交叉点，并进行人为处理，显然增加编程的难度；而 C 功能刀具半径补偿能自动处理两程序段刀具中心轨迹的转接，可完全按照工件轮廓来编程，因此现代 CNC 数控机床几乎都采用 C 功能刀具半径补偿。这时要求建立刀具半径补偿程序段的后续至少两个程序段必须有指定补偿平面的位移指令（G00、G01，G02、G03 等） ，否则无法建立正确的刀具补偿。2.2刀具半径补偿指令2.2刀具半径补偿指令根据 ISO 规定，当刀具中心轨迹在程序规定的前进方向的右边时称为右刀补，用 G42 表示；反之称为左刀补，用 G41 表示。G41 是刀具左补偿指令（左刀补） ，即顺着刀具前进方向看(假定工件不动)，刀具中心轨迹位于工件轮廓的左边，称左刀补。如图 3.2(a)所示。G42 是刀具右补偿指令（右刀补） ，即顺着刀具前进方向看(假定工件不动)，刀具中心轨迹位于工件轮廓的右边，称右刀补。如图 3.2(b)所示。G40 是为取消刀具半径补偿指令。使用该指令后，41、42 指令无效。图 3-2刀具半径的左右补偿(a) 外轮廓补偿(b) 内轮廓补偿5在使用 G41、G42 进行半径补偿时应采取以下步骤：（1）设置刀具半径补偿值：程序启动前，在刀具补偿参数区内设置补偿值。（2）刀补的建立：刀具从起刀点接近工件，刀具中心轨迹的终点不在下一个程序段指定的轮廓起点，而是在法线方向上偏移一个刀具补偿的距离。在该段程序中，动作指令只能用 G00 或 G01。（3）刀补进行：在刀具补偿进行期间，刀具中心轨迹始终偏离编程轨迹一个刀具半径的偏移值。在此状态下，G00、G01、G02、G03 都可以使用。（4）刀补的取消：在刀具撤离工件、返回原点的过程中取消刀补。此时只能用G00、G01。2.3功能刀具半径补偿2.3功能刀具半径补偿对直线而言，刀具补偿后的轨迹是与原直线平行的直线，只需要计算出刀具中心轨迹的起点和终点坐标值。如图 3-3 所示，被加工直线段的起点在坐标原点，终点坐标为A。假定上一程序段加工完后，刀具中心在O点坐标已知。刀具半径为 r，现要计算刀具右补偿后直线段OA的终点坐标A。设刀具补偿矢量AA的投影坐标为,则XXXYYYxOAA AK22sinYXrrXY22cosXYrrXY22rXYYXY22rYXXXY6对于圆弧而言，刀具补偿后的刀具中心轨迹是一个与圆弧同心的一段圆弧。只需计算刀补后圆弧的起点坐标和终点坐标值。如图 3-4 所示，被加工圆弧的圆心坐标在坐标原点O，圆弧半径为R，圆弧起点A，终点B，刀具半径为r。假定上一个程序段加工结束后刀具中心为A，其坐标已知。那么圆弧刀具半径补偿计算的目的，就是计算出刀具中心轨迹的终点坐标B。设BB在两个坐标上的投影为,XY ，则以图 3-1 的加工外轮廓为例，采用 B 功能刀具半径补偿方法，加工完第一个程序段，刀具中心落在B/、点上，而第二个程序段的起点为A/，两个程序段之间出现了断点，只有刀具中心走一个从B/、至A/的附加程序，即在两个间断点之间增加一个半径为刀具半径的过渡圆弧B1B2，才能正确加工出整个零件轮廓。可见，B 刀补采用了读一段，算一段，再走一段的控制方法， ，无法预计到由于刀具半径所造成的下一段加工轨迹对本程序段加工轨迹的影响，相邻两程序段的刀 y O x X y K A(X,Y) r Y A(X,Y) B(Xb,Yb) A(Xa,Ya) X K x B（Xb,Yb） Y O O R K A(Xa,Ya) r 图 3-3 直线刀具补偿图 3-4 圆弧刀具补偿/bbXXXbbYYYBOxB BKcossinbbXXrrRYYrrRbbbbbbrXXXRrYYYR7具中心轨迹之间可能出现间断点或交叉点。为解决下一段加工轨迹对本段加工轨迹的影响，在计算本程序段轨迹后，提前将下一段程序读入，然后根据它们之间转接的具体情况，再对本段的轨迹作适当修正，得到本段正确加工轨迹，这就是 C 功能刀具补偿。C 功能刀补更为完善，这种方法能根据相邻轮廓段的信息自动处理两个程序段刀具中心轨迹的转换，并自动在转接点处插入过渡圆弧或直线从而避免刀具干涉和断点情况。2.4功能刀具半径补偿2.4功能刀具半径补偿目前，通常的 CNC 系统中，实际所能控制的轮廓只有直线和圆弧，相应的有如下转接线形：直线与直线转接、直线与圆弧转接、圆弧与圆弧转接、圆弧与直线转接。根据两段轨迹的矢量夹角和刀具补偿方向的不同，有以下几种转接过渡方式：缩短型、伸长型、插入型。3夹具偏置补偿（坐标系偏置）3夹具偏置补偿（坐标系偏置）正如刀具长度补偿和半径补偿一样， 让编程者可以不用考虑刀具的长短和大小，夹具偏置可以让编程者不考虑工件夹具的位置而使用夹具偏置。当一台加工中心在加工小的工件时，工装上一次可以装夹几个工件，编程者不用考虑每一个工件在编程时的坐标零点，而只需按照各自的编程零点进行编程，然后使用夹具偏置来移动机床在每一个工件上的编程零点。夹具偏置是使用夹具偏置指令 G54G59 来执行的。还有一种方法就是使用 G92 指令设定坐标系。当一个工件加工完成之后，加工下一个工件时使用 G92 来重新设定新的工件坐标系。4 夹角补偿4 夹角补偿加工中两平面相交为夹角，可能产生超程过切现象，导致加工误差的产生，此时可采用夹角补偿(G39)来解决。使用夹角补偿(G39)指令时需注意，本指令为非模态指令，只在本程序段内有效，而且只能在G41或G42指令后才能使用，该指令主要用于加工中心和数控铣床。以上是数控加工中的四种补偿方式，给我们的编程和加工带来很大的方便，能大大地提高生产效率和产品合格率。89Cutter Compensation PrincipleThe cutter compensation (calls bias), in the 20th century 60 the 70ss numericalcontrol processing compensation concept,Therefore the programmers can not but revolve cutting tools theory route and theactual routes relative relations carry on the programming, easy to make the mistake. Thecompensation concept will appear later very greatly raised the programming efficiency.Has the cutter compensation function, when establishment processing program, mayaccording to the components real profileprogramming, before the processing, survey the actual cutting tool radius, the lengthand so on, as the cutter compensationparameter input numerical control system, may process conforms with the sizerequest the components outline.The cutter compensation function may also satisfy the processing craft and so onother requests, may through change the cutting tool radius compensation value sizegradually the means that the adjustment each time to feed quantity, achieves the useidentical procedure to realize, the precision work circulation thickly. Moreover, whenbecause of the tool wear, the grind causes the tool dimension change, if still used theoriginal procedure, will create the processing error inevitably, may solve his problemwith the cutting tool length compensation.The cutter compensation divides into 2 kinds: cutting tool length compensation; cutting tool radius compensation.The literature Cutter compensation in Numerical control Processings Application(tool technology, 2OO4 year 38th volume No7,Xu is great, Guangdong technology Normal school) mentioned that has 4 kind ofcompensations in the numerical control processing: cutting tool length compensation; cutting tool radius compensation;10 jig compensation; included angle compensation (G39).These four kind of compensations basically can solve in the processing the pathquestion which produces because of the cutting tool shape.1.cutting tool length compensation1.1cutting tool length conceptThe cutting tool length is a very important concept. We in programs to components,must first assign the components the programming center, then can establish the workpiece programming coordinate system, but this coordinate system is only a work piececoordinate system, zero generallyon work piece. The length compensation is only and theZ coordinate related, it does not look like in X, Y plane the programming zero spot,because the cutting tool is by the main axial cone hole localization, but does not change,is dissimilar regarding Z coordinates zero. Each knifes length is different, for example,we must drill a depth are the 50mm holes, then attacks the silk depth is 45mm,respectively uses a length is the 250mm drill bit nd a length is the 350mm screw tap.Uses the drill bit to drill depth of hole 50mm first, this time the engine bed alreadyestablished the work piece zero spot, when exchanges the screw tap attacks the silk, iftwo knives both from suppose the zeroing to start to process, because the screw tap theratiorills the head length to attack the silk to be excessively long, damages the cuttingtool and the work piece. This time if the hypothesis cutter compensation, arries on thescrew tap and drill bits length the compensation, after this time engine bed zerohypothesis, even if the screw tap and the drill bit length are different, becausecompensates existence, when transfer screw tap work, zero selected the Z coordinate tobe already automatic to Z+ (or Z) has compensated thescrew tap length, has guaranteed a processing zero correctness.1.2cutting tool length compensation instructionIncludes G43 through the execution (G44) and the H instruction realizes thecutting tool length compensation, simultaneously we give a Z coordinate figure,such cutting tool after compensation moves to leaves the work piece surfacedistance is the Z place. Other instruction G49 is cancels G43 (G44) the instruction,11actually we do not need to use this instruction, because has every time the cutting toolown length compensation, when trades the knife, (G44) the H instruction entrusted withthe own knife long compensation using G43 to cancel the preceding cutting tools lengthcompensation automatically. G43 expressed that in the memory compensates the quantityand program directive end point coordinate figure adding together, G44 expresses thecancellation, cancels the cutting tool length bias available G49 instruction or the H00instruction. Segment N80 G43 Z56 H05 and, if in 05 memories the value is 16, then theexpression end point coordinate figure is 72mm.1.3cutting tool length compensation two ways(1)uses cutting tools virtual length (recommendation to use this way) as the knifelong compensation. Uses the knife long is uses the tool setting gauge as thecompensation to survey cutting tools length, then inputs this value to the cutting toollength compensation register, takes the knife long compensation.The use cutting tool length the reason which long compensates as the knife is asfollows:First, uses the cutting tool length to take the knife long compensation, may avoid inthe different work piece processing repairing unceasingly cuts again the long bias. Thiskind of cutting tool uses on the different work piece does not need to repair cuts again thelong bias. In this case, may defer to certain cutting tool serial number rule, makes the filefor each cutting tool, inscribes with a small product label every time cutting tools relatedparameter, including material and so on cutting tools length, radius, many large-scalemachine-finishing enterprises uses this means in fact to the numerical control processingequipments cutting tool management. This was equipped with the cutting tool Controlsections company specially regarding these, had no need with the operator face-to-faceto tell the cutting tool the parameter, when even if simultaneously the knife storagecapacity quantity reason took down the cutting tool and so on will install next time, onlyneed act according to the product label the knife long value as the cutting tool lengthcompensation not to again carry on the survey.Next, uses the cutting tool length to take the knife long compensation, may let oneside the engine bed carry on the processing movement, at the same time carries on other12cutting tools linear measure on the tool setting gauge, but does not need because of takesthe engine bed running time on the engine bed to the knife, like this may display themachining center fully the efficiency. Such main axle moves to when programs the Zfiducial mark, after is the main axle coordinate adds on (or subtracts) the cutting toollength compensation Z coordinate value.(2)uses the knife point (to have the positive and negative division) in the Zdirection with the programming zero distance value to take the compensation value. Thismethod is suitable in the engine bed has a person to operate, but does not have theenough time to survey time cutting tools length using the tool setting gauge uses. Doesthis, when processes other work piece with a knife must carry on the knife longcompensation the establishment. Uses when this method carries on the knife longcompensation, the compensation value is the main axle from the engine bed Z coordinatezero spot moves to the work piece programming zero hour knife point migration distance,therefore this compensation value negative value moreover is very always big.2cutting tool radius compensation2.1cutting tool radius compensation conceptWhen contour machining, the cutting tool central motion path (cutting tool center ortinsel centers path) with is processed the components the real profile to displace certaindistance, this kind of displacement is called the cutting tool radius compensation, alsocalls the cutting tool off-centering. As shown in Figure 3-1, when processing outline, thecutting tool center displaces a distance to the work piece outlines interior; But outsideprocesses time the outline, the cutting tool center displaces a distance to the work pieceflank, this displacement, is the so-called cutting tool radius compensation. In the chart,the thick line is the work piece outline, the dashed line is the cutting tool center path. Inthis chart displacement quantity for cutting tool radius value. But of when roughmachining and semi-finishing, displacement quantity sum of for cutting tool radius andthe machining allowance.13ABCA/B/C/C/What because numerical control systems control is the cutting tool center path,therefore the numerical control system must calculates the knife heart path according tothe input components overall size and the cutting tool radius compensation value. Thus itcan be seen, the cutting tool radius compensation has the very vital role in the numericalcontrol processing, according to the cutter compensation instruction, the numericalcontrol processing engine bed may carry on the cutting tool radius compensationautomatically. Specially when manual programming, cutting tool radius compensationespecially important. When manual programming, using the cutting tool radiuscompensation instruction, may act according to the components the outline valueprogramming, cannot calculate the knife heart path programming, like this greatlyreduced the computation load and the error ratio. Although using the CAD/CAMautomatic programming, the manual computation load is small, generating routinesspeed is quick, but when the cutting tool has the few attrition or the processing overallsize and the design size have the deviation slightly or in the rough milling, half fine milland time the fine mill various labor step machining allowance change, must make theappropriate readjustment, but after having utilized the cutting tool radius compensation,cannot revise the tool dimension or the modelling size, but the generating routine, onlyneeds on the numerically-controlled machine tool to make the suitable revision again tothe cutter compensation parameter then. Both simplified the programming computation,and increased the procedure readability.Cutting toolIn contour machiningCutting toolFigure 3-1 B function cutter compensation intersection and point of discontinuityOutside contour machining14The cutting tool radius compensation has the B function (Basic) and the C function(Complete) two kind of compensation forms. Because the B function cutting tool radiuscompensation only acts according to this section of procedures to carry on the knife tomake up the computation, cannot solve between the segment transition problem, requests3-1 work piece outline processing full circle angle transition as shown in Figure,therefore the work piece acute angle place technology capability is not good. Moreoverthe programmers must estimate beforehand after the knife makes up, possibly appears thepoint of discontinuity and the intersection, and carry on artificial processing, obviouslyincreases the programming the difficulty; But the C function cutting tool radiuscompensation can the automatic reduction two segment cutting tool center paths transfer,be possible to defer to the work piece outline to program completely, therefore themodern CNC numerically-controlled machine tool nearly uses the C function cutting toolradiuscompensation.Bynowrequestedtheestablishmentcuttingtoolradiuscompensation segment the following two segments to have at least assigns thecompensation plane the shift order (G00, G01, G02, G03 and so on), otherwise is unableto establish the correct cutter compensation.2.2cutting tool radius compensation instructionStipulated according to ISO, when cutting tool center path stipulated in theprocedure direction of advance right side when is called the right knife to make up,indicated with G42; Otherwise is called the left knife to make up, indicated with G41.G41 is the cutting tool left compensation instruction (left knife makes up), namely issuitable the cutting tool direction of advance to look that (hypothesis work piecemotionless), the cutting tool center path located at the work piece outlines left side, saidthat the left knife makes up.As shown in Figure 3.2(a).G42 is the cutting tool right compensation instruction (right knife makes up),namely is suitable the cutting tool direction of advance to look that (hypothesis workpiece motionless), the cutting tool center path located at work piece outlines right side,said that the right knife makes up.As shown in Figure 3.2(b).G40 is to cancel the cutting tool radius compensation instruction. After using thisinstruction, G41, G42 instruction ignore.15When uses G41, G42 carry on the radius compensation should adopt the followingstep:(1)establishes the cutting tool radius compensation value: Before the procedurestart, establishes the compensation value in the cutter compensation parameter area.(2)the knife makes up establishment: The cutting tool from a knife close workpiece, the cutting tool center paths end point not the outline beginning which assigns inthe next segment, but displaces a cutter compensation in the normal direction the distance.In this section of procedures, the action command can only use G00 or G01.(3)the knife makes up carries on: Carries on the period in the cutter compensation,the cutting tool center path deviates throughout a programming path cutting tool radiusdrift rate. Under this condition, G00, G01, G02, G03 may use.(4)the knife makes up cancellation: In the cutting tool evacuates the work piece,to return to the zero point in the process to cancel the knife to make up. This time canonly use G00, G01.2.3B function cutting tool radius compensationSpeaking of the straight line, after cutter compensations path is and the originalstraight line parallel straight line, only needs to calculate the cutting tool center pathsbeginning and the end point coordinate figure.As shown in Figure 3-3, is processed the tangential path the beginning in the originof coordinates, the end point coordinate is A. After supposing a segment processes,cutting tool center in O coordinate known. The cutting tool radius is r, after presently(a)Outside outline compensation(b)In outline compensationFigure 3-2 cutting tool radiuss about compensates16must calculate the cutting tool right compensation, tangential path O A end pointcoordinate A . Supposes cutter compensation vector AA the projection coordinate is,thenSpeaking of the circular arc, after cutter compensations cutting tool center path isone with circular arc concentric section of circular arcs. After only need calculate theknife makes up, the circular arc beginning coordinate and the end point coordinate figure.As shown in Figure 3-4, is processed the circular arc the center of circle coordinate inorigin of coordinates O, the circular arc radius is R, circular arc beginning A, end point B,the cutting tool radius is r.After supposing a segment processing to finish, the cutting tool center was A , itsXXXYYYxOAA AK22sinYXrrXY22cosXYrrXY22rYXXXY22rXYYXY y O x X y K A(X,Y) r Y A(X,Y) B(Xb,Yb) A(Xa,Ya) X K x B（Xb,Yb） Y O O R K A(Xa,Ya) r Figure3-3straightlinecuttercompensationFigure3-4circulararccuttercompensation17coordinate known. Then the circular arc cutting tool radius compensation computationsgoal, is calculates cutting tool center paths end point coordinate B . Supposes BB intwo coordinate projections For, thenTake the Figure 3-1 processing outside the outline as an example, uses the Bfunction cutting tool radius compensating process, processes the first segment, thecutting tool center falls on B/, lights, but the second segments beginning is A/, betweentwo segments presented the break point, only then the cutting tool center walks one fromB/, to a/additional procedure, namely increases a radius between two points ofdiscontinuity for cutting tool radius transition arc B1B2, can process the entirecomponents outline correctlyObviously, the B knife made up uses read a section, calculated a section, walked asection of control method again, was unable to estimate, because the cutting tool radiuscreated the next section of processing path processed paths influence to this segment,between the neighboring two segments cutting tool center path possibly presented thepoint of discontinuity or the intersection. For the solution next section of processing pathto this section of processing paths influence, after calculating this segment path, ahead oftime the next section of procedure read-, then according to the special details whichbetween them switches over, makes the suitable revision again to this sections path,obtains this section to process the path correctly, this is the C function cutter/bbXXXbbYYYBOxB BKcossinbbXXrrRYYrrRbbbbbbrXXXRrYYYR18compensation. The C function knife makes up is more perfect, this method can actaccording to the neighboring outline section the information automatic reduction twosegment cutting tool center paths transformation, and automatically in throughconnection point place insertion transition arc or straight