2015年职称英语考试题型.doc

2015年职称英语考试题型2014年职称英语考试真题、模拟题尽收其中，千名业界权威名师精心解析，精细化试题分析、完美解析一网 尽！在线做题就选针题库：/oXVZFUnderground Coal Fires a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.1. According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is that Underground Coal Fires a Looming(即将到来的) Catastrophe Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.vegetation 植被1. According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is thatA. underground fires loom large in the forests.B. coal burning deep underground is found in China.C. poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.D. arsenic and mercury are the most poisonous elements to water sources.答案：C2. According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear?“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said (Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA.) But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire(着火) and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning.catch fire着火set fire纵火2. According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear?A. Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns.B. The underground oxygen will be used up.C. Poisonous fumes and greenhouse gases will be accumulated underground.D. There will be an increase of abandoned mines.答案：A课文讲解(3)(5)题3. What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles(储备物资), abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology.3. What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?A. Annual consumption of coal in U.S.B. Annual consumption of coal in China.C. How long coal fires has lasted in the northern region of China.D. Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.答案：D4. Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true?Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the (International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country).4. Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is Not true?A. He was one of the scientists who have warned against the threats of underground fires.B. He has detected and monitored underground fires in Netherlands.C. He has worked with the Chinese government on the underground fires issue.D. He works for a research institute in the Netherlands.答案：B5. According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control under ground fires?Ultimately, the remote sensing (远程感应)and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout(水泥浆)(a thin mortar(灰浆) used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.5. According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control under ground fires?A. Using remote sensing technique.B. Controlling the release of carbon dioxide.C. Making the soil heat resistant.D. Cutting off the oxygen supply.答案：D译文：地下煤引发即将来临的灾难科学家们警告说，中国、印度和印尼的地下煤矿着火将严重威胁自然环境和人身安全。在丹佛举行的美国科学促进协会的会议上，一个专家小组的科学家们表示，林规模地地下大火将会提高地面温度，烧死周围的植物，由此产生的气体将会导致温室效应，甚至有可能引起森林大火。他们还警告说，大火释放出来的砷、汞等有毒物质还会污染当地的水源和土壤。美国东佐治亚大学Swainboro分校的副教授Glenn Stracher说：“煤矿失火是一个全球性的灾难。”但令人惊奇的是很少有人知道这一点。煤能够自己提高温度，存在充足的氧气时，它能够自然。它产生的热量并不会消失，在合适的阳光和氧气条件下，它就会自燃。这种情况可能发生在地下煤矿的煤堆，废弃的煤矿，甚至在煤的运输过程中。Stracher教授告诉与会代表们，每年在中国，这种情况会消耗掉2亿吨的煤。相比之下，美国每年的用煤量为十亿吨。Stracher教授关于由煤引起的大火的影响的分析已经在国际煤生态学期刊上发表。煤一旦燃烧起来，就可能燃烧几十年，甚至几百年。在这个过程中，会排出大量的温室气体、有毒气体和物质到大气中。专家们讨论了这些大火对全球和地区气候变化的影响，一致认为火灾地点发生在地下，使得火灾不容易被发现。小组的一个成员，来自荷兰国际地质信息科学和地球观测研究院的Paul Van Dijk副教授已经同中国政府合作探测和控制中国北部地区的煤矿失火情况。远程感应以及其他技术最终将能够允许科学家们估计出究竟这些大火释放出多少一氧化碳。Goodson工程公司的Gary Colaizzi提出了一种控制火势的方法。他们公司已开发出一种隔热水泥浆(一种稀灰浆用来填充裂缝)，它可以被灌注到失火的煤矿中以切断氧气来源。第八篇：The Mir Space Station1The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.2During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.3The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.4The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.5A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.6Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.7Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined.8Mirs setbacks are nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.词汇：pioneer / ,pan(r)/ v.开拓accomplishment / kmplmnt, -km-/ n.成就credit / kredt / v.归功于host / hst / n.主人stopover / stpv(r) / n.中途短暂停留multinational / ,mltnnl/ adj.多国的ration / rn / n.含量helium / hi:ljm/ n.氦aboard /b:d/ prep.在(船、飞机、车)上setback / setbk/ n.挫折milestone / malstn/ n.里程碑habitation / ,hbten / n.居住debt / det / n.债注释：1.play host to：当东道主2. seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each.来自美国的七位宇航员轮流在和平号上住了六个月之久。take turns：轮流living on Mir for up to six months each是现在分词短语，用作状语。3.During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations：在和平号存在的时间里，它是进行23 000个实验的实验室，并携带了许多国家提供的价值估计为8 000万美元的科学仪器。estimated to be worth $80 million是过去分词短语，用作定语。4.The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid .：美国人停留时间最长的一次是Shannon Lucid的那一次that替代前半句的stay。5.Mirs setbacks are nothing, though . ：但是，和平号这些挫折算不了什么though：但是练习：1.Paragraph 4 _2.Paragraph 5 _3.Paragraph 6 _4.ParaeraDh 8 _AUndeniable Mirs AchievementsBRewards Following the US Financial InjectionCMirs Problem YearDMir Regarded as a Complete FailureEMirs Firsts in Scienti