专题二-代词和数词.doc

专题二代词和数词一、代词在句子中代替名词或名词词组的词。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。1人称代词还有主格和宾格之分，在句中作主语和宾语。它有人称、数和格的变化。I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. 2物主代词是表示所有关系的代词， 它有形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词的性质，放在名词之前， 在句中常作定语。名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能使用名词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。Their school is twice as big as ours. 3反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格，后面加词尾self 或者selves构成。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性、数上保持一致。反身代词在句中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语。Tom taught himself maths when he was 10 years old. 4指示代词是用来指示或标志人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this, that, these, those。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。This car is not mine. That one over there is mine. 5疑问代词是引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句。一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what，which。其中who，whom，whose只能指人，what和 which 可指人或物。Which of the two boys is your younger brother?6不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词有：some, any, no和every 以及这些词与one, body和thing构成的复合词。它们在句中可作主语和宾语等成分。Miss Liu is such a good teacher that everyone in our school likes her.7相互代词主要有each other和one another。8关系代词主要用在定语从句中。二、数词数词：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词，数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示顺序的数词。一、英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，在语言使用中有极为频繁。虽然代词的用法看似简单，但其实并不容易。一般说来，高考试题中主要对人称代词、反身代词和不定代词进行考查，常见的有以下几种情况：1人称代词和反身代词作宾语人称代词主要用来代替表示人的名词或词组，有人称、数、性和格之分，在句中常作主语、宾语和补语。反身代词由“物主代词 self (selves)”构成，在句中可作宾语、补语和同位语。This car doesnt belong to me. It belongs to my sister.Treat yourself to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.2one, it和that的用法one指代上文的单数名词，泛指不特定的名词，ones为其复数形式；the one代替前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后有定语。it指代前面提到过的名词，即前面提到的那个特定的事物。that代替上文出现过的名词；它既可替代单数可数名词，也可替代不可数名词。Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.I am looking for my pen, but I havent found it.We all know the weather in the south is much warmer than that in the north.3some, every, no和any及其构成的复合不定代词的用法something (body / one), anything (body), everything (body), nothing (body)等在句中可作主语、宾语等成分，在试题中一般通过具体的语境来考查。Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly anything left in the house.I agree with most of what you said, but I cant agree with everything.4all, any, none, both, either和neither的用法What do you think of the performance today? Great! None but a musical genius could perform so successfully. I had to buy all these books because I didnt know which one was the best.含义两者三者或三者以上都bothall任何一个eitherany 都不neithernone5the other, another和the others, others的用法I dont like this dress, so please show me another. Some are dancing and singing; others are listening to stories.another指三者或三者以上中事物的“另一个”。the other指两个事物中的“另一个”。others指不定的“其他的人或事物”。the others在一个固定范围之内的“其余的；其他的”。二、复习数词时要注意以下几点：1在序数词前可以加不定冠词a表示“再一；又一”之意。We will have to do it a second time.I have had a third apple.2分数的表示法 英语中分数的写法我们可以记住下面的口诀： 分子基数词，分母序数词。 分子大于一，分母用复数。 About threefourths of the surface of the earth is covered by water. One third of the pupils in our class like playing football.3倍数的表示法倍数的表示方法是高考的重点，常见的有以下三种形式：(1)倍数 as 形容词/副词 asIt is said that our new school is three times as big as our present one.(2)倍数形容词/副词的比较级 thanThere are twice more students in our school than in theirs.(3)倍数 the size (length, height.) ofThe new building is five times the size of the old one.4hundred,thousand, million, score和dozen等词的用法hundred和thousand等词和具体数字连用时要用单数形式，与of连用时要用复数形式。There are more than three thousand students in their school.Millions of people watched the games on TV last night.5年代或岁数的表达方法表示年代和岁数时用逢十的基数词的复数形式来表示。In the 1990s, when he was in his thirties, he went abroad for further study.It is not rare in the 1980s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.6编号的表达法第一课 Lesson One / The First Lesson502房间 Room 502新府路88号88 Xinfu Road新泰一中 XinTai No. 1 Middle School7数词的修饰语表示“大约”的常用词语有about, nearly, some, around或or so。表示“超过”的常用词语有over或more than。表示“不超过；少于”用less than或fewer than。The sea covers nearly threefourths of the worlds surface.The oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.Even under the best conditions, we couldnt finish in less than three days.高考真题探究（20062011）1.【2011湖南卷)26】One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is210全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn307浙江It is reported that the floods have left aboutpeople homeless.A.two thousandB.two-thousandsC.two thousandsD.two thousands of406北京She went to the bookstore and bought.A.dozen booksB.dozens booksC.dozen of booksD.dozens of books5【2011全国卷II,11】I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing6【2011北京卷,34】The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that7【2011天津卷,1】We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one8【2011上海春招,26】They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.A. eitherB. allC. noneD. neither9【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that10【2011福建卷,21】We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it11【2011安徽卷,22】Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself12【2011浙江卷,7】Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere13【2011四川卷,3】There is in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything14【2011重庆卷,27】Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of over there?A. the one B. this C.it D.that15【2011陕西卷,16】Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? one? A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More16【2011湖南卷,24】I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing17【2011辽宁卷,27】Would you like tea or coffee? , thank you. Ive just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither18【2011江西卷25】Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B.it C.his D.him1910福建When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing2010上海If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves2110安徽You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other2210山东Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one2310天津 in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something2410陕西The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 2510四川On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine2610全国Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other2710重庆He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all2810重庆To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. A. whateverB. whoC. whicheverD. which2910浙江 thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. AOneBAllCEverything DAnything3009山东I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A. other B. another C. the other D. others3109陕西Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer_of them.A. other B. any C. none D. some3209上海Wow! Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now .A. all B. both C. neither D. none3309全国IOne of the most important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which3409陕西Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer of them. A. other B. any C. none D. some 3509四川I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_.A. one B. it C. this D. that3609浙江Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it3709全国IICharles was alone at home, with looking after him.A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one3809全国IIThe CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get completely free.A. other B. others C. one D. ones3909重庆Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in_ way or another for the better. A. any B. one C. every D. either4009江苏Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents.A. those B. one C. both D. that4108全国IWhich of the two computer games did you prefer?Actually I didnt like _.A. both of themB. either of themC. none of themD. neither of them4208全国IThe English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one4308安徽The two girls are getting on very well and share _ with each other.A. little B. much C. some D none4408福建How do you find your new classmates? Most of them are kind, but _is so good to me as Bruce.A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one4508湖南Our nerghbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest.A. us,it B. us,itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it4608山东Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave.A. somethingB. anythingC. everything D. nothing4708江西Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _after an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. it4808辽宁Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. SuchB. ThereC. ThatD. This4908陕西He doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. much5008四川The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.A. any other B. the other C. another D. other5108浙江Id like some more cheese.Sorry, theres _ left.A. some B. none C. a little D. few5208北京It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neither C. both D. each5308天津To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet to go to the library, or _.A. neither B. some C. all D. both08重庆Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon?-Sorry, lets make it _ time. A. others B. the other C. another D. other08上海Do you want tea or coffee? _, I really dont mind.A. none B. neither C. either D. all07全国II_ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. OneB. ThisC. ItD. That07上海The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another07山东_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.AThis BThat CWhat DIt 07北京He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones. A.any B. some C. few D. many07福建The book is of great value. can be enjoyed unless you digest it. A.Nothing B.Somethin C.Everything D.Anything07湖南To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 07江西What do you think of the performance today?Great! But a musical genius could perform so successfully. A.All B.None C.Anybody D.Everybody07江西I dont mind her criticizing me, butis how she does it that I object to.A. itB.thatC.thisD.which07陕西There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and bottow ?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it07 四川Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some07天津He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. this B. that C. it D. these07 辽宁The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. A. it B. those C. one D. that07 浙江He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It07 重庆Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _ left in the house.A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something07上海春Treat to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.AoneBoneselfCyou Dyourself06全国If I can help_, I dont like working late into the night.A. so B. that C. it D. them06北京 Which driver was to blame? Why, _ ! It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.A. both B. each C. either D. neither06上海I made so many changes in my composition mat only I could read it. To _ else, it was hard to make out. A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone06上海Both sides have accused of breaking the contract _.A. another B. th