职称英语综合类A、B、C级综合试卷模拟9.doc

模拟九第1部分：词汇选项 下面每个句子均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. A) an easy B) a playful C) an open D) a better2. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. A) beats B) matches C) maintains D) announces3. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. A) demanded B) elicited C) extracted D) defied4. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan. A) violent criminals B) politicians C) musicians D) industrialists5. The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached. A) boundary B) skeleton C) enclosure D) material6. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. A) protection B) indication C) immunity D) danger7. Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. A) error B) function C) attraction D) miracle8. The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely. A) compactly B) inexpensively C) quickly D) carefully9. The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets. A) intrigued B) infected C) inconvenienced D) inclined10. In their productions, choreographers of modem dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems. A) solved B) explored C) involved D) disputed11. They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means. A) solve B) determine C) untie D) complete12. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman. A) wept B) cried C) ran D) shook13. We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know her guests name. A) frustrated B) disturbed C) relieved D) surprised14. We have got to abide by the roles. A) stick to B) persist in C) safeguard D) apply15. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east. A) extends B) stretchesC) broadens D) traverses第2部分：阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 The First Settlement in North America It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally, from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a legal title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south. The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590. The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.16. We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned17. Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned18. With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned19. There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned20. The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned21. The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned22. The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 下面的短文后2项测试任务： (1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段第段选择1个最佳的小标题；(2)第2730题要求所给的6个选项中选择6个选项为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Transport and Trade1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.A Higher Living StandardB Importance of Transport in TradeC Various Means of TransportD Birth of Transport-related Industries and TradeE Role of Information in TradeF Public Transportation23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 4 _26. Paragraph 5 _A to send goods to various parts of the worldB at any time during the yearC has greatly promoted tradeD is it possible to produce on a large scaleE the transport of goodsF it is possible to produce on a large scale27. The development of modem means of transport _ .28. Only when goods can be carded to all parts of the world quickly _ .29. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _ .30. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as _ .第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Income Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees. Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income. On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy. The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.31. This passage is mainly about A) the difference between national income and GNP. B) the difference between national income and personal income. C) the concept of income. D) the difference between disposable income and nondisposable income.32. Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph? A) GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes. B) GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes. C) Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid. D) The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.33. It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on A) corporation profits. B) every individual even though his income is very low. C) those who work in joint ventures. D) those who work in government departments.34. According to this passage, the money you get as interest from government bonds is A) the money earned. B) the money not earned but received. C) the money received for the contribution you have made to the economy. D) the money earned for the service you have furnished to the economy.35. The passage implies that A) people willingly pay taxes because they want to do something useful to the country. B) people willingly pay taxes because they do not want to be looked down upon by others. C) people pay taxes unwillingly because they feel they will be arrested if they do not. D) people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.第二篇 Forecasting Methods There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast. The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use. The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well. The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail. The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining todays forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.36. What factor is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method? A) Imagination of the forecaster. B) Necessary amount of information. C) Practical knowledge of the forecaster. D) Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.37. Persistence method will work well A) if weather conditions change greatly from day to day. B) if weather conditions do not change much. C) on sunny days. D) on rainy days.38. The limitation of the trends method is the same as the persistence method in that A) it makes predictions about weather. B) it makes predictions about precipitation. C) the weather features need to be well defined. D) the weather features need to be constant for a long period of time.39. Which method may involve historical weather data? A) The trends method. B) The analog method. C) Both climatology method and analog method. D) The trends method and the persistence method.40. It will be impossible to make weather forecast using the analog method A) when the current weather scenario differs from the analog. B) when the current weather scenario is