0046-ST5063TQZ清障车改装设计【全套8张CAD图+说明书+文献翻译】
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压缩包内文档预览：(预览前20页/共58页)
编号：6103104
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大小：2.35MB
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上传时间：2017-11-17
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个人认证
丁**（实名认证）
江苏
IP属地：江苏
30
积分
- 关 键 词：
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清障车
改装
设计
全套
cad
说明书
仿单
文献
翻译
- 资源描述：
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摘 要
随着经济的发展，我们国家道路上的汽车不断地增长，而相应的则是越来越频发的交通事故，为了避免车辆的二次损坏，道路清障车在作业时应十分注意对事故车辆的保护，特别对一些新车、高档轿车，应必免因为作业中捆绑、挤压以及运输对事故车辆的损坏，特别对一些高档轿车，应避免因为作业中的捆绑、挤压、以及运输中的碰撞造成对事故车辆机件及外观上的进一步损伤了改。ST5063TQZ平板清障车作为专用清障车的一种，它利用附加的液压绞盘、液压举升装置、托板能够对事故车辆施行装载运输，实现对事故车辆的快速处理，并且不受事故车辆车速的限制。
在查阅大量相关资料的基础上，深入分析了平板清障汽车设计的总体方案，对底盘、举升机构、液压系统、液压绞盘以及相关附件等进行了合理选择。并通过对底盘型号的选取，确定了整车性能参数。确定了对背式清障汽车的总体参数。此外，对改装后的整车性能也进行了分析和计算，以确定是否能满足国家标准。
关键词：清障车；平板；液压绞盘；升降机构；液压系统
- 内容简介：
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1附 录Market situation analysis and research trendA. is half hanged tractor, dump truck, car, tank car, van, the special structure of hoisting lift car, store house bar car, and other special vehicles. From abroad, the development of the car industry, the development trend of auto specialty. In the 20th century 70, 80 time, the main functions of the developed countries of specialized automobile vehicles is 50% of the quantities, now has been increased to 80 %. Chinas current below 25 %. China has joined the WTO, developing automobile industry is facing a great challenge, special vehicle is an important part of automobile industry, affected is inevitable. With the development of economy and the construction of infrastructure, China will need a lot of special automobile, therefore the tenth-five period in China will be truly special development into fast trackSpecial automobile market analysisIn recent years, Chinas special automobile industry. In 1990, the production of specialized automobile enterprises about 500, 2000, has 756 home auto production enterprise of total 884 85.5 per cent. In 1998, our special automobile production of 14.95 million vehicles, the total of the auto production, 1999 respectively 21.2% 17.41 million vehicles and achieve 17.28 million vehicles. In 2001, and special markets are almost the entire automotive market occupation deodorants.Currently our special automobile market has the following five basic features:1、special-purpose automobile production and demand truly reflects many varieties, small batch. Special automobile refitting enterprise development and production has many varieties, seriation, pluralism characteristics in different periods, market, adjust the different needs of different products production scale. This feature in cars and ordinary greatly vehicles. Generally speaking, the box truck, traction semi-trailer, etc, in demand more than tipper, alone can reach up to 10 million, most special vehicle demand to hundreds of thousands of cars only cars, and some even several dozens or car.2、our special automobile recent price advantage, part of a product is competitive. Domestic main varieties, such as special automobile, refrigerator, semi-trailers concrete pump truck, car, transport and accessory part oilfield as lifting transporter 2through cooperation, technology or imported special device, approaching or partial reached international advanced level, price competition with the ability of foreign products. To demand greater products, such as heavy, medium dump truck, car, tank truck and van car etc, have a stable domestic market.3、special-purpose automobile service fields, market prospect is anacreontic, different period of different, but can appear more hot hot exists. In 2001, for example, the country increased infrastructure investment, especially in infrastructure, increasing investment in the construction of the Midwest, plus such as west-east gas transmission and electricity, water, the qinghai-tibet railway and highway construction of domestic several large project startup, heavy exclusive up year-on-year, the 84.5 %, Meanwhile, the development of the highway road cargo further specialization, intensive, various box truck, half hanged tractor and special carriers of the social demand had the very big enhancement, only half hanged tractor, year-on-year growth of about 90% by the car industry, become a black horse.4、market calls stronger technical content, specificity of special products, but higher market supply capacity. Because Chinas most exclusive enterprise development ability weak, capital, technology appear quite a number of domestic enterprises do not have enough to eat, a. a. market and pretty much on imports to fill the position. A. as heavy, domestic production, and the market more than 70 species to 200 types, 500 cultivars, can satisfy the market companies within 30%. In addition, because many industries for special automobile technology, high performance requirements to achieve a domestic product requirements, such as airport special automobile, highway maintenance management, senior medical ambulance etc. Car, And as YunChaoChe domestic market capacity and products of domestic enterprises can rarely grade C bulletproof requirements.5、special-purpose automobile production enterprises, the market management of the good and bad are intermingled. A. industry various mechanisms, organization form is diversified. There, the state-run private, There are limited liability company, joint stock limited company is, Also belong to different industries, mode of production and management by truck chassis refitting, market, easy to interference. Illegally assembled and selling product certification phenomenon in all, which seriously interfere with special automobile market. Special automobile manufacturing enterprise, mostly for small and medium-sized enterprise, the difference between. 3According to the modified enterprise 1999 annual 530 home, more than 1000 production enterprises only 47, accounting for 8.9%, Production of enterprises under 100 $229, accounting for 43.2 percent. There are 45 yield less than 10 bus. In recent years, the government to strengthen the management of specialized automobile market, increase the reorganization and crack, market environment is greatly improved, to gradually regularized.Although our special automobile industry development prospects and success, but compared with special automobile enterprises abroad, there are still great difference.1、the labor productivity significantly lower. In 1999, special production enterprises, the output value per person for 0.98 million yuan, the profit for 11.13 0.015 yuan per person. And the three indexes, Japan in early 1990 to 12.5 million cars, and the period 37.5 duct technical level is relatively backward. Mainly displays in: (1) the utilization coefficient, low quality of same type, with more than 20 foreign heavy vehicle tonnage; % 30 % 2 special function satisfaction than the same products abroad backward 5 10 years, 3 man-computer engineering application, adaptive performance is not strong, high technology USES less, 4 vehicle reliability, sealing and durability, and noise pollution emission.2、product development ability is poor. Our special automobile varieties are mostly through a generic, and high technology products through introducing technology or product to make appropriate improvement and localization, the lack of real independent innovation products development.The international competition ability (4) is weak. Our special cars with low coefficient of international competitiveness, import and export trade, and the import value difference of specialized automobile mainly from Europe and Japan and other developed countries, mainly exports southeast Asia and Africa is the object of the developing countries.3、In the tenth-five period special-purpose automobile development trendAlong with the national tenth five-year plan period, the steady development of the national economy and the market economic system, and the improvement of electronic and information and automation technology in the automotive industry, the development of domestic special-purpose automobile will appear as follows:1、the special market demand growth, and the market will be more competitive, 4special production enterprises gradually to the polarization. According to the country special tenth five-year plan period, tenth-five period special-purpose automobile needs to 10% annual growth rate increases, in 2005, our various special automobile market demand for 34 million cars, trucks of production equipments, including the 35 million, 41.8 14.1 %, Tractor semi-trailer 4.8 million vehicles, 14%, Van car 85,000, 25% of the time, 3.3 million cars, car tank of 9.5%, 135 million cars lifting lifters, 4%, The special structure of 1.7 million cars, 5%, Store house bar 0.2 million cars, car type 0.7%. Tenth-five, is expected to end the special automobile ownership will reach 275.3 million vehicles. Facing such opportunities, coupled with the wto brings more foreign products, special vehicle production enterprise competition intensifies, domestic car again production enterprise stronger who will appear the weak, the weak, the enterprise will be further, exclusive joint, merger, reorganization and leasing, private car will also become one of the enterprise reform mode.2、the special demand more diversified and some special function, special products will ChongXingHua, special function to high technical content, the direction of development. Large-tonnage heavy vehicle transportation safety, high, low cost, and transportation units in some developed countries of the main highway transportation of container trailer is heavy, tank truck and various special semi-trailer, the special production and heavy mainly are the total quantities of 80 %. Our special cars by road conditions and production of special chassis, has been to limit, heavy mid-size car obviously low proportion. Along with our country economy and the traffic environment improvement, industry of specialized automobile especially heavy special-purpose automobile demand is bigger and bigger, heavy dump truck, bulk cement concrete mixer, car and truck, high compression garbage truck, sprayer, municipal transport, a. a. heavy oil will win customers. To the degree of specialization and special requirements are increasingly high technical content, born out of many new special type. By 2005, heavy, medium and small proportion is 1:6 by now, 3 evolved for 3:4:3 reasonable composition. By 1998 will breed varieties, 223 1372 cultivars, increased to 300 kinds of 2005, 3,000 varieties.3、car production flexibility, automation, professional to produce and coordination network development, design and development of CAD technology of virtual technology is widely used to test technology, intelligent, systematic development direction. A. many varieties, small batch, short cycle characteristics, product 5updates faster, market demand diversity, personalized towards the direction of development, the traditional pattern of all-round enterprise competitiveness, will lose all forms of cooperative development, production and marketing, fast response to market demands, flexible production, design, manufacturing and adopted by many enterprises. CAD technology for shortening exclusive product development cycle, improve product quality and reduce cost will play a positive role in promoting. At the same time, with special automobile production and technology development, and special automobile test coverage is more and more wide, from the traditional measuring instrument to various special test equipment, from a single test to the comprehensive test, from hardware to software are put forward higher request, and more complex, will promote the technique and method of special test. Combined with the application of computer software technology, special test technical trend intelligent and systematized.6专用车市场现状分析及趋势研究专用车是自卸车、半挂牵引车、厢式车、罐式车、起重举升车、特种结构车、仓栅车等专用载货汽车的统称。从国外汽车工业的发展来看,载货汽车专用化的发展趋势比较明显。20世纪70、80年代,主要发达国家的专用汽车保有量占载货汽车保有量的50%左右,如今已增至80 %。而我国目前低于25 %。我国已加入WTO ,汽车工业发展正面临巨大的挑战 ,专用汽车是汽车工业的重要组成部分 ,受到影响是不可避免的。随着经济的发展和基础设施建设的加快,我国将需要大量的专用汽车,因此“ 十五” 期间我国专用车发展将真正驶入“快车道”。近年来,我国专用汽车行业蓬勃发展。1990年全国生产专用汽车的企业约500多家, 2000年已达756家,占汽车生产企业总数884家的85.5%。1998年我国专用汽车产量达14.95万辆,占当年全国载货汽车总产量的21.2% ,1999年产销分别达到17.41万辆和17.28万辆。2001年专用车市场稳中有升,其产销几乎占领整个载货汽车市场的半壁江山。目前我国专用汽车市场具有如下五个基本特征:1、专用汽车的生产和需求真正体现了多品种、小批量。专用汽车改装企业的开发和生产具有多品种、系列化、多元化的特点,企业针对市场不同时期的不同需求,调整不同系列产品的产量比例。这一特征大大区别于轿车和普通载货汽车。一般而言,厢式运输车、牵引半挂车等年需求量较大,达万辆以上,自卸车可达10万辆左右,大多数专用汽车的需求量仅数百辆至数千辆,有的甚至几辆或几十辆。2、我国专用汽车近期略有价格优势,部分产品尚具竞争力。国内专用汽车主要品种,例如半挂车、冷藏车、混凝土泵车、高空作业车、部分油田用车和随车起重运输车等通过合资合作、引进技术或引进专用装置,已接近或部分达到国外先进水平,价格上具有与国外产品竞争的能力。对需求量较大的产品,如重、中型自卸车、厢式车、罐式运输车和作业车等,有较稳定的国内市场。3、专用汽车服务领域广阔,市场前景明朗,不同时期有着不同的热点,而且可以出现多个热点并存的局面。以2001年为例,由于国家加大了基础建设的投入,特别是加大了对中西部基础设施建设的投资,加上诸如“西气东输” 、“西电东送”、“南水北调”、青藏铁路及国内几条高速公路建设等大型项目的启动,重型专用车火爆起来,同比增长了84.5 %；与此同时,高速公路的发展使公路货运进一步专业化、集约化, 各类厢式运输车、半挂牵引车和专用运输车的社会需求量有了很大提高,仅半挂牵引车,同比增长达90%左右,成为专用车行业的一匹黑马。4、市场呼唤专用性更强、技术含量更高的专用车产品,但市场供给能力不足。7由于我国大部分专用车企业开发能力较弱,资金技术不足,因而出现了国内相当数量的专用车企业吃不饱,又有相当多专用车市场靠进口来填补的局面。如重型专用车,国内生产70余种, 而市场需要200个种类、500个品种,国产车只能满足市场的30% 。此外,由于许多行业对专用汽车技术性能要求很高,国内产品一时很难达到要求,如机场专用汽车、高速公路维护管理专用车、高级医疗急救车等；又如运钞车国内市场容量很大,而国内企业的产品很少能达到C级防弹要求。5、专用汽车生产企业良莠不齐,市场管理难度较大。专用车行业多种机制并存, 组织形式是多样化的。有国营的,民营的；有有限责任公司, 也有股份有限公司；又分属不同行业管理,生产方式又以载货车底盘改装为主,市场不规范,容易受到干扰。非法拼装和买卖产品合格证的现象在各地时有发生,严重干扰了专用汽车市场。专用汽车生产企业多,大多为中小企业,企业间的差异较大。根据对530家改装企业1999年产量的统计,产量1000 辆以上的企业只有47家, 占8.9%; 产量100辆以下的企业却高达229家,占43.2%。其中有45家产量不足10辆。近年来, 政府加强了对专用汽车市场管理,加大整顿和打击力度,市场环境大有好转,逐步向正规化迈进。尽管我国专用汽车行业的发展成绩斐然,前景广阔,但是与国外专用汽车企业相比,仍然存在较大的差异。1、劳动生产率明显较低。1999年我国专用车企业人均产量为0.98辆,人均产值为11.13万元,人均利润为0.015万元。而上述三项指标,日本早在1990年就分别达到12.5辆、37.5万元和4.85万元。2、产品技术水平相对落后。主要表现在: 质量利用系数低 ,同类型、同吨位车比国外重20 %30 % ； 专用功能满足度比国外同类产品落后510 年； 人机工程应用不充分, 适应性能不强,高技术采用较少；车辆的可靠性、密封性和耐久性较差,排放和噪声污染较为严重。3、产品开发能力差。我国专用汽车品种大多是通过仿制而来,少数高技术产品则是通过引进技术或参照国外产品做适度“国产化改进” 而成,缺乏真正独立开发的创新产品。4、国际竞争能力较弱。我国专用汽车的国际竞争力系数较低,进出口贸易价值差异较大, 且进口专用汽车主要来自欧美和日本等发达国家,出口对象主要是东南亚和非洲的发展中国家。随着国家“十五 ”规划的逐步展开 ,国民经济的稳步发展和市场经济体制的日趋完善, 以及电子、信息和自动化技术在汽车工业的广泛应用,国内专用汽车的发展将呈现如下趋势:1、“十五”期间我国专用车市场需求将快速增长 , 而市场竞争更加激烈 ,专用车生8产企业逐步向两极分化。根据国家专用汽车“十五” 规划，“十五”期间专用汽车需求以10%左右的年增长率递增,到2005年,我国各类专用汽车的市场需求总量为34万辆,占当年载货车产量的35% ,其中自卸车14.1万辆,占41.8 %;牵引半挂车4.8万辆,占14%;厢式车8.5万辆,占25%;罐式车3.3万辆, 占9.5%; 起重举升车1.35万辆, 占4%;特种结构车1.7万辆,占5%;仓栅式车0.2万辆,占0.7%。预计“十五”末期,全国专用汽车拥有量将达275.3万辆。面对如此商机,加之“入世” 带来的更多国外产品的冲击,专用汽车生产企业间的竞争再度加剧,国内专用车生产企业将出现强者更强、弱者愈弱、弱肉强食的局面,专用车企业将进一步联合、兼并、重组,而且租赁、民营也会成为专用车企业改革的模式之一。2、专用车的需求更加多元化， 一些具有特殊功能的专用车应运而生,产品将向重型化、专用功能强、技术含量高的方向发展。大吨位重型车运输高速、安全,单位运输成本低,欧美一些发达国家的高速公路的主要运输工具是以重型集装箱半挂车、罐式运输车以及各种专用半挂车为主, 重型专用车生产量和保有量均占其总量的80 %左右。我国专用汽车受公路条件和专用车底盘生产的限制, 一直以中型车为主,重型专用车的比例明显偏低。随着我国经济和交通环境的改善,行业对专用汽车尤其是重型专用汽车的需求越来越大,重型自卸车、散装水泥车、混凝土搅拌车、高空消防车、压缩式垃圾车、洒水车、市政用车、油田专用车等重型专用车将更加赢得用户的青睐。同时对专用车的专业化程度和技术含量要求也越来越高,诞生出许多新的专用车种类。到2005年,重、中、轻型车的比例可望由目前的163 逐步演变为343的合理构成比。品种将由1998年的223个种类,1372个品种,增加到2005年的300个种类,3000个品种。3、专用车生产向柔性化、自动化、专业化以及生产协作配套网络化发展, 设计技术向CAD发展, 虚拟技术得到广泛应用,测试技术向智能化、系统化方向发展。专用车具有“ 多品种、小批量、短周期 ”的特点 , 产品的更新速度越来越快, 市场需求朝着多元化、个性化方向发展,传统的小而全的企业模式将丧失竞争力,各种形式的合作开发、生产和营销方式应运而生,快速响应市场需求,柔性生产、异地设计、异地加工越来越被众多企业所采用。CAD技术对缩短专用车产品开发周期、提高产品质量和降低成本将起到积极的推动作用。同时,随着专用汽车生产和制扫造技术的发展,专用汽车测试覆盖范围也越来越宽,从传统的计量仪器到各种专用测试设备,从单一测试到综合测试,从硬件到软件都提出了更高、更复杂的要求,将促进专用车测试技术和手段的发展变化。结合计算机软件技术的应用,专用车测试技术趋向智能化、系统化。开题报告题目名称 ST5063TQZ 清障车改装设计一、课题研究现状、选题目的和意义研究现状：现代汽车工业具有全球性，是开放性的综合产业。汽车工业的发展是社会经济发展的必然，而经济社会的发展对汽车使用功能不断提出新的要求，是汽车更好的为经济发展服务，在社会经济不断发展和人民生活水平不断提高的双重要求下，专用车的出现更好的满足了客户的专业需求。2002 年我国公路通车里程已达 175.8 万公里，其中高速公路达 2.5 万公里，跃居世界第二。随着京沈、京沪、西南出海通道等高速公路的开通，我国以五纵七横国道主干线为重点的国家公路主骨架已初步建成。这为清障车的突飞发展孕育了广阔市场，作为“让大地的脉络更畅通”的使者清障车，要使其更能发挥安全快捷、强而有力的道路清障优势，那么清障车底盘专用化、重型化、智能化、作业附件实用性是清障车技术发展的必然趋势。我国清障车工业起步于上世纪八十年代末，在近二十年里，国内清障车行业经历了引进整车、吸收仿制到自主研发清障车的过程。随着我国城市交通和高速公路的快速发展，国内清障车的产品设计技术、制造工艺也进行了突破性发展，形成了清障车多功能化、智能化、人性化的产品技术特点；专用机构运用新型材料、产品模块化设计、专用设备的应用的制造工艺技术特点。清障车底盘专用化，是国内清障车行业发展的必然趋势。目前，国内的清障车全部是利用二类底盘来改装的。二类底盘的轴荷分布是按载货车来设计的，这与清障车托举作业时的所要求轴荷分布是不同的。往往会出现清障的托举机构还有潜力，清障车的总质量也小于其最大总质量，但其后轴却已经超载了。二类底盘的轴荷分布对清障车是不适用的。由于清障车是种作业车，其需随车携带许多作业附件工具。现在国内的二类底盘两大梁外侧已被燃油箱、电瓶、气罐占住了空间，这样就很难再布置工具箱来安放清障车所需的众多作业附件。若清障车底盘专用化，就能很好地来解决这些问题。清障车重型化也是清障车技术发展的一个显著特点。随着我国汽车吨位重型化的调整，国家西部开发、南水北调和西气东输的建设，加上奥运会、上海世博会和广州亚运会的成功举办，道路条件的改善，交通运输业的发展，公路运输向高速化、集约化、专用化、集装箱化发展，必将引起重型汽车业（包括专用重型汽车）的崛起。作为保证道路畅通的清障车，无凝也必须重型化，才能满足重型车辆的清障需要。现在国内最大吨位的清障车为 48 吨。清障车智能化，就是从安全、方便、人性化考虑，在系统中装配一些智能设备，如遥控系统，机构安全报警系统，紧急拯救系统。作业安全、快速是道路清障拯救的两项重要指标。而专用作业辅件是作业安全快速重要的保证。随着车辆的种类和款式的不断增多，道路上造成事故与故障的模式也千变万化，因此，只有不断地开发安全、实用、高效的作业辅件才能满足各类清障作业的需要。目的以及意义：清障车广泛用于公路、公安交警、机场、码头、汽车修理行业以及高速公路公司等部门，可及时、快速清理事故、故障、违章等车辆。我国清障车起步于 80 年代，正逐步与世界接轨。随着新世纪城市化的发展速度，道路交通条件得到了不断的改善，道路上的车辆事故也有千变万化，对清障车的需求也不断增长，清障车的功能也不断增多，而现在清障车底盘专用化、重型化、智能化、作业附件实用性是清障车技术发展的必然趋势。
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