大学英语专业-高级英语教材第1单元课后答案.doc

Unit 1 Key to exercisesText comprehension. Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose. A. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T. Refer to Paragraph 1. 2. F. Refer to Paragraph 1. What the author stated in the paragraph is that her sister graduated from high school.3. F. Refer to Paragraph 3. They took a railroad train during the day.4. F. Refer to Paragraph 5. The conditions of the dining car might not be like what the authors mother had told them. She said so for fear that her kids could have been hurt by the fact that Black people were not allowed into railroad dining cars.5. F. Refer to Paragraph 6. She simply did not go with the other girls in the class because, as the nuns had told her, they would be staying in a hotel which would not rent rooms to blacks.6. T. Refer to Paragraph 12.7. T. Refer to Paragraph 17. 8. F. Refer to Paragraph 18. Her father only promised she could type it out on the office typewriter, but whether she managed to send the letter to the president was not mentioned.Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 1. Washington D.C. is known to all for its special position, as capital of the nation. The author, like many children who had never been to Washington D.C. before, could have only learned about it through story telling, as if it were a place existing in fables.2. Refer to Paragraph 3 and 4. A mobile feast implies a large quantity and variety of food in a box including two roasted chickens, packed slices of brown bread and butter, green pepper and carrot sticks, a spice bun and rock-cakes, iced cakes and tea, sweet pickles, dill pickles, and peaches, which were prepared by their mother for them to eat on their way to Washington, D.C.3. Refer to Paragraph 3, 4, and 5. She must be kind, prudent, responsible, considerate and caring for her family.4. Refer to Paragraph 7. They lodged in one large room with two double beds, in a black-street hotel that belonged to a friend of her fathers who was in real estate.5. Refer to Paragraph 8 and 9. She had long before realized the national day celebration in her country was nothing but mockery for the Black people. As a black girl, she was in that silent agony that characterized all of her childhood summers. Apparently she hated the Fourth of July, but in essence, what agonized her was the racial discrimination and segregation.6. Refer to Paragraph 16. The waitress dropped her eyes looking very embarrassed.7. Refer to Paragraph 17 and 18. Discrimination against the blacks had been a long-established, deep-rooted and widespread practice in the country. Being black simply meant mistreatment. Therefore, the unfair treatment they received at Breyers was not surprising at all; as blacks they should have expected this and had no reason to feel shocked and indignant.8. Refer to Paragraph 19. We can perceive the authors antagonism from such descriptions as the white waitress, the white counter, the white ice cream, and the white pavement, the white stone monuments, and the white heat in Washington D.C., all of which made her sick to her stomach for the whole rest of that trip. In a word, it was the racial discrimination suggested by the dazzling color, white, that drove the author mad.Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1. Mother meant to deliberately overlook whatever she did not like and could not change.2. From June to the end of July school closed for the summer vacation.3. Literarily, the writer was unable to open wide her eyes due to the dazzling summer sunlight as well as her eyes defect. Figuratively, the freedom, equality and democracy all American citizens were allegedly entitled to were simply distorted images in the authors eye.4. Mother was bright and father brown, and the three of us girls represented gradations from bright to brown.5. Inside the Breyers, the soda fountain was so dim and the air so cool that the pain of my eyes was wonderfully lessened. 6. My forceful question got no response from my family; they remained silent as if they had done something wrong and shameful walking into Breyers.7. My anger was not going to be noticed or sympathized with by my family members who were similarly angry, though.Writing strategies1. Beside Paragraph 2, Paragraph 6, 8 and 9 contain or involve flashbacks.2. Heres one more example of symbolism: “The waitress was white, and the counter was white, and the ice cream I never ate in Washington D.C., that summer I left childhood was white, and the white heat and the white pavement and the white stone monuments of my first Washington summer made me sick to my stomach for the whole rest of that trip and it wasnt much of a graduation present after all.” The repeated description of whiteness further reveals the phony democracy of the United States and the false freedom of colored people, which drove our writer mad and indignant.Language work. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. at the beginning of 2. The whole family were already either actually busy making preparations or enjoying the ambience.3. a large enjoyable meal on the train4. as if we had never been mistreated for being Black5. had partially caused6. was not going to be noticed or sympathized with by people feeling a similar anger.Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriateforms and note the difference of meaning between them. bruise scar Explanation: Both verbs pertain to external physical injury and other sorts of damage. Bruise indicates an injury of the surface flesh, caused by a blow that does not necessarily break the skin and that results in a marked skin; the word can also suggest the tendency to turn black-and-blue from small impacts. Scar refers to the forming of a mark over a healed wound or suggests the doing of damage that will leave a lasting mark. 1. bruise 2. bruised 3. scarred 4. scar dampen soak Explanation: Dampen is to make or become somewhat wet, emphasizing the moist condition that results. In a figurative sense, the word means to depress. Sock means to wet thoroughly, implying immersion. To soak something is to place it in liquid and leave it long enough for the liquid to act upon it. 1. soaking 2. Dampen 3. soaked 4. dampen acknowledge admit Explanation: both words agree in meaning to accept openly, though with some reluctance, the truth or existence of a fact, condition, etc. Admit is a bold acknowledgment of implication in something one has formerly tended to deny or to equivocate about. Acknowledge is to accept responsibility for something one makes known, and we acknowledge something embarrassing or awkward, and usually not voluntarily; more often, the acknowledgement is extracted from one more or less unwillingly. 1. admit 2. acknowledged 3. acknowledge 4. admitted agony anguish Explanation: Both words can refer to intense suffering of the body or mind. Agony represents suffering, the endurance of which calls forth every human resource. Its severity is of such extent that the word is often used to denote the struggle and pain that may precede death. Anguish points to the extremity of grief which so terrifies the spirit as to be insupportable. 1. agony 2. anguish 3. anguish 4. agony.Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.1. has decreed2. agonizing3. approvingly4. ensconced5. flair6. vulnerability7. relief8. avowed.Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1. Liani presented me with the challenge, and I took it up.2. To open a supermarket demands a large amount of capital.3. Well. Its your turn to shuffle the pack and deal the cards.4. It would be a wise move to check the market first.5. The results of the test ran counter to expectations.6. Is there a drop of tea left in the pot?.Fill in each blank with a definite, indefinite, or zero article. 1. The 2. / 3. a 4. A 5. / 6. / 7. / 8. / 9. / 10. an11. a 12. / 13. the 14. a 15. the 16. a 17. a 18 / 19. the. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context. 1. black 2. behave 3. mind 4. meant 5. mercy 6. though 7. before 8. worse 9. what 10. experiencedTranslation.Translate each of the following sentences in English, using the words or expressions given in the brackets.1. I havent seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a really good movie.2. The hostess cut the cheese into bite-size pieces.3. No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep.4. He carefully copied my pretense that nothing unusual had occurred. 5. It was scorching outside; all the tourists escaped into the fan-cooled hut.6. Ive come to see his fabled footwork that people talk so much about.7. Im not a teacher proper, since I havent been trained, but Ive had a lot of teaching experience.8. Students tend to anticipate what questions they will be asked on the examination.Translate the following into Chinese. 如果美国对此时此刻的迫切性视而不见，低估黑人的决心，那么这对美国的命运将是休戚相关的。自由平等、令人心旷神怡的秋天遥遥无期，黑人正当愤怒的闷热夏季就不会消失。1963年并不是终结，而是开端。只要黑人得不到公民权益，美国就不可能有安宁和稳定。反抗的旋风会继续撼动这个国家的根基，直到正义光明的日子的来临。Topics for discussion1. As far as the setting is concerned, the most important factors to take into account are time and place. In the story, the time is the 4th of July, the National Day of the U.S.A., while the place is Washington D.C., its capital city. This essay discloses the racial discrimination against the black people in a country that boasts freedom and equality for all people, white and colored.2. Yes. A person from a rural area might be looked at which a contemptuous glance. Female students might have the experience of being discriminated against in their job-hunting. Such things are common and may be caused by factors that are social, psychological, economic, geographical, etc.Writing practice These three paragraphs are cited to illustrate good writing. Paragraph A, having 123 words, is tersely organized to focus on one idea, that the Great Depression had slid to its nadir. This idea is briefly, but effectively supported by several details: the unemployed workers sat idle during daylight; they gathered, talking about their misfortune, trying to seek out the causes of their ill fate, and protesting against the Government. Paragraph B and C written by the same author deal with changes, changes in sights in Paragraph B and changes in sounds in Paragraph C. when we read the two paragraphs, we feel as if the author were saying to us, “Listen, I m going to tell you how the sights of my hometown have changed” for the second paragraph, and “Now Ill tell you how the sounds have changed” for the third paragraph. The division of the changes into two paragraphs is natural and logical. We readers have the chance to savor the one sort of change before being treated to the other. However, if the two kinds of changes had been jumbled together in a single paragraph, the intensity and concentration would have been totally ruined.Computer is Our livesComputers are playing in increasingly important role in our lives. They are widely used in such fields as industry, business, transportation, and education. They have also worked wonders in military families, people use computers to obtain different kinds of information. With the computer, writers write books, musicians compose music, and children receive instruction and play games. It is by no means an exaggeration to say that our lives would be much more difficult without computers. Despite all the benefits, however, computers can never replace the human brain, for it is man that has invented the computer and designed the programs for it.Listening exercises. Listen for the main ideas. Listen to the talk once.B. Listen for the details. Listen to the talk again.Task 11. T. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. F. Refer to Paragraph 2. His fathers parents had never been slaves either.3. T. Refer to Paragraph 4.4. F. Refer to Paragraph 5. He received the degree from Harvard University.5. T. Refer to Paragraph 6.6. T. Refer to Paragraph 7.7. T. Refer to Paragraph 11.8. F. Refer to Paragraph 12. It was Du Bois who was active in the Pan-African movement throughout his life.9. T. Refer to Paragraph 12.10. T. Refer to Paragraph 13.11. F. Refer to Paragraph 16. A federal judge found him not guilty.12. T. Refer to Paragraph 17.Task 2(1) 1868(2) got a doctorate degree of history(3) 1899(4) Prof. of economics and history(5) 1903(6) established the Niagara Movement (7) 1909(8) 1934(9) Atlanta University(10) returned to The Crisis(11) 1950(12) 1961(13) died at the age of 95(14) Ghana, West AfricaScript(1) William Edward Burghardt Du Bois fought for civil rights for black people in the United States. During the 1920s and 1930s, he was the person most responsible for the changes in conditions for black people in American society. He also was responsible for changes in the way they thought about themselves.(2) William Du Bois was the son of free blacks who lived in a northern state. His mother was Mary Burghardt. His father was Alfred Du Bois. His parents had never been slaves. Nor were their parents. William was born into this free and independent African-American family in 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.(3) Williams mother felt that ability and hard work would lead to success. She urged him to seek an excellent education. In the early part of the century, it was not easy for most black people to get a good education, but William had a good experience in school. He earned the respect of other students, and he moved quickly through school. It was during those school years that William Du Bois learnt what he later called the secret of his success. His secret, he said, was to go to bed every night at ten oclock.(4) After high school, William decided to attend Fisk University, a college for black students in Nashville, Tennessee. He thought that going to school in a southern state would help him learn more about the life of most black Americans. Most black people lived in the South in those days. He soon felt the effects of racial prejudice. He found that poor, uneducated white people judged themselves better than he was because they were white and he was black. From that time on, William Du Bois opposed all kinds of racial prejudice. He never missed a chance to express his opinions about race relations.(5) William Du Bois went to excellent colleges, Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts and the University of Berlin in Germany. He received his doctorate degree in history from Harvard in 1895.(6) His book The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study was published four years later. It was the first study of a black community in the United States. He became a professor of economics and history at Atlanta University in 1897. He remained there until 1910.(7) William Du Bois had believed that education and knowledge could help solve the race problem. But racial prejudice in the United States was causing violence. Mobs of whites killed blacks. Laws provided for separation of the races. Race riots were common. The situation in the country made Mr. Du Bois believe that social change could happen only through protest. Mr. Du Boiss belief in the need for protest clashed with the ideas of the most influential black leader of the time, Booker T. Washington.(8) Mr. Washington urged black people to accept unfair treatment for a time. He said they would improve their condition through hard work and economic gain. He believed that in this way blacks would win the respect of whites.(9) Mr. Du Bois attacked this way of thinking in his famous book The Souls of Black Folk. The book was a collection of separate pieces he had written. It was published in 1903. In the very beginning of the The Souls of Black Folk, he expressed the reason he felt the book was important: “Herein lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here at the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line.”(10) Later in the book, Mr. Du Bois explained the struggle blacks, or Negroes as they were called, then faced in America: “One ever feels his twonessan American, a Negro: two souls, two thoughts, two un-reconciled strivings; Two warring ideas in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of opportunity closed roughly in his face.”(11) W.E.B. Du Bois charged that Booker Washingtons plan would not free blacks from oppression, but would continue it. The dispute between the two leaders divided blacks into two groupsthe “conservative” supporters of Mr. Washington and his “extremist” opponents. In 1905. Mr. Du. Bois established the Niagara Movement to oppose Mr. Washington. He and other black leaders called for complete political, civil and social rights for black Americans. The organization did not last long. Disputes among its members and a campaign against it by Booker T. Washington kept it from growing. Yet the Niagara Movement led to the creation in 1909 of an organization that would last, the National Association for the Adva