英语完形填空上下文语境.doc

英语完形填空上下文语境 能影响完形词语选择的不仅仅有整篇文章的主旨和中心，还包括所缺词语上下文的词语，即我们所谓的上下文语境。他们之间形成相互提示或者互相反衬的作用。I请填出下列段落所缺词语，词性在括号中已给出。1He showed no _ (n.) in learning. His marks were always poor, he never completed a reading assignment or participated in class discussions, and he rarely did his homework. At an early age he was branded a “nonlearner.”解析：题目中横线上应填出“interest”，即兴趣。在原文中出现类似“never completed or participated”，“rarely did”等字眼，说明文中的“he”问题不出现在能力(ability)或者耐心（patience）上，而是在于学习的兴趣。如果缺乏的是能力，那么上下文应该出现类似“difficult，hard”等词语。2. When they saw each other for the first time in the dim candlelight later that night, they stood _ (adv.). For words could not express how profoundly touched each of them was by the sacrifice made by the other in the name of love.解析：横线应填充词语“silently”，即“沉默相对”。理由是后文中出现了“words could not express”，说明语言表达不出彼此的感动，因此此处“silently”在语境中是最合适的。3. My dad also understood the value of a good sense of humor. “Back in the old days,” he often told me, “we were so poor we had to beg for _ (n.).” So sometimes, when I was fast asleep, dreaming of the home runs I would hit, he would gently lean over my bed and shout into my ear, “Russian bombers! Russian bombers! Run! Run!” And then he would laugh and laugh.解析：答案应是jokes。很多同学看到“poor”，联想到过去生活的困苦，很自然地会在横线中填出“money”，或“food”等词语，但其实原文并非要表达此含义。在文段主题句中作者提到“a good sense of humor.”，即父亲所拥有的是幽默感。在下文出现了“laugh and laugh”即上文发生的事应与其相关。综合上下文信息，jokes是横线所缺词语。4. In her town there was a special program that taught adults to read, but Bertha Ingram was quite nervous. Would people laugh at her? Would they _ to teach her? It didnt happen that way. She had a teacher who worked very hard with her. After the first day Ingram could hardly wait to get to the library.A. like B. refuse C. agree D. stop解析：此处答案是B。很多同学会错选成A或者C。认为文中人物在担心“他们会愿意或者喜欢教她知识么?”。此处我们又要借助于完形语境的帮助：文段中出现了类似 “nervous”，“laugh at”的词语，都是表示否定含义的，也代表了人物的担忧和担心，因此横线上最佳的选择也是表示否定意义的“refuse”，它能够表达出人物紧张的心情和她所担心发生的情况。5. While once I thought my dad was just about the _ (adj.)man in the whole wide world, in fact he was quite small, and thin, and his face was as cracked and pockmarked as the old leather seats of his beloved52 Pontiac.解析：本段横线中应填“big”。与前四个文段不同，此时上下文语境的作用不是顺承与提示，而是反衬。词语“while”表示对比，与in fact引出的quite small相映衬，因此横线中缺少的词语是small的反义词，即big。6. My grandfather joined the army to fight for his country when German soldiers took his hometown of Tarnow in Poland. “Stand straight, stand tall,” meant something else back then. After the war, he left for America. _in a new country, he was frightened about his future. Walking into the crowded and noisy streets of New York, “Stand straight, and stand tall,” he would tell himself.A. Being homesick B. Without money C. Full of hopes D. All alone解析：正确答案是D。此处的语境起到的也是反衬的作用。从可能性上考虑不管是A 选项中的Being homesick 还是B选项中的Without money都能够给人带来恐惧感，因此这里我们不能靠主观臆断，而应该尊重原文。看后文 “Walking into the crowded and noisy streets of New York” 在父亲眼中，纽约市繁忙的，拥挤噪杂的，因此与自己的状态形成了鲜明的对比。从这个意义上，文中的语境与所选答案是一种反衬关系。由上述几段文章可知，完形填空的选择与答案必须尊重原文与作者的原意。选择具体词语时不仅仅要考虑文章整体的主旨，中心，作者的意图，还要考虑其所在段落上下文的语境。语境会对选择形成一种映衬或者对比的关系，能够对我们有重要的提示作用。II. 请完成下列题目，体会完形语境的作用。（一）I was living in New York when my father called. He was working in the city and suggested we meet for dinner. But more pleasing and surprising to me was the way we had the dinner. For this time he didnt spend the whole time giving advice I didnt 1. He talked with me.I walked him to the bus station. While we were waiting, he stood against the wall. My father had 2been a strong and heavy man. Now I saw how thin and weak he was. He then told me something that surprised me. He said he still 3, inside his head, like a young man, and couldnt believe hed passed sixty.“You dont know, at your age, how fast time goes,” he said, “If I never really talked with you boys as much as Id have liked to, it was because there was so little time and so much I had to teach you. I just didnt want you to make all the mistakes I had made. I wanted to 4you from some of the troubles I had.”I wanted to say, “Thank you, Dad, for telling me that.” I knew at last I was a 5to my father. We could talk with each other. But I was too 6by the evening to say how I was feeling.It was the last 7we ever had.I was in Florida on a business trip when I 8home. Dad had a stroke (中风) last night, after coming home from work. Hed always said he wanted to work till the day he died. He got his wish. My wish, for another talk with my father, would go unfulfilled (未完成的).I now know things I didnt know 9my father was alive. Time does go really fast. There is so much to teach my boy and so little time: Ive 10him change from baby to child to boy in less time certainly than I took. I know the temptation (引诱) always to be telling him things, the things hell 11to survive (生存), to be a good person.But I remember my fathers final lesson. My boy will learn by what I am and what I do far more than by what I tell him.When Eric, aged eight, says, “Dad, can we talk?” I 12my book and say, “Sure.” I think for a second he wants my advice about something, but then I remember. He doesnt want advice. He just wants to talk. 1. A. want B. followC. understand D. know2. A. once B. justC. oftenD. sometimes3. A. thoughtB. lookedC. wished D. felt4. A. avoidB. saveC. help D. pull5. A. manB. boy C. sonD. friend6. A. nervousB. excited C. thankful D. frightened 7. A. chance B. wordC. conversation D. dinner8. A. arrivedB. wentC. called D. missed9. A. when B. whatC. though D. because10. A. noticed B. seenC. made D. watched11. A. haveB. needC. getD. try12. A. look at B. hold up C. put down D. take out参考答案：1-6 A A D B A B 7-12 C C A D B C解析：这道完形填空题中同学们错误率最高的一道题目是第6题。此处作者想说明父亲第一次与他平等的进行交流，但是当时他却由于心情太_而没有说出自己想要表达的话。很多同学会选择答案A. nervous，认为那种情境下作者的心情一定是紧张的。但其实我们仔细观察原文的语境，却发现文中没有表达紧张的词语。短文前面提到“I wanted to say, Thank you, Dad, for telling me that.”，“We could talk with each other.”，由此可见，作者完全是喜悦兴奋的情绪，与紧张无关。因此本道题同学们如果能够正确应用文章的语境，便可正确解决问题。（二）It is so cold on that dark winter day in 1942. But it is no different from any other day in this Nazi concentration camp (纳粹集中营). I am 1dead, living on from day to day, from hour to hour, 2I was taken from my home and brought here with tens of thousands of other Jews (犹太人). Will I still be 3tomorrow?I walk back and forth (来回) next to the barbed wire fence (带刺的铁丝网), trying to keep my body 4. I am hungry. I have been hungry for long. Each day, as more of us disappear, the happy 5seems like a dream, and I sink deeper and deeper into hopelessness. Suddenly, I notice a young girl walking past 6the other side of the fence. She stops and looks at me with sad eyes that seem to say she cannot understand why I am here. I want to look away, but I cannot move my eyes away from hers. Then she reaches into her pocket, and pulls out a red apple. Oh, how long has it been since I saw 7! She looks round carefully and then with a smile quickly throws the apple over the fence. I run to pick it up, holding it in my shaking (颤抖)8fingers. In my world of death this apple is a sign of life, of love. I looked up in time to see the girl disappearing. The next day I cannot help myself I am 9at the same time to that place near the fence. And again she comes and brings me an apple. For seven months we meet like this. One day I hear terrible news: Were being shipped to another camp. The next day when I greet her, my heart is 10and I can hardly speak as I say what must be said: “Dont bring me an apple tomorrow.” I tell her, “I am being sent to another camp.” Turning before I lose all my control (控制), I run away from the fence. I cannot